Thoughtful prescription of inhaled medication has the potential to reduce inhaler-related greenhouse gas emissions by 85.

Introduction: Both physicians and patients are increasingly aware of the environmental impacts of medication. The shift of treatment paradigm towards MART-treatment (Maintenance and Reliever Therapy) in asthma affects the treatment-related emissions. The carbon footprint of inhaled medication is also tied to the type of the device used.

[Incidence and outcomes of perioperative myocardial infarction associated with coronary artery bypass surgery].

Introduction: Perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI) after CABG can contribute to in-hospital morbidity and mortality, however, its clinical significance on long-term outcome, remains inadequately addressed. We studied both 30-day mortality and long-term effects of PMI in Icelandic CABG-patients.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective nationwide-study on 1446 consecutive CABG-patients operated at Landspitali in Iceland 2002-2018 without evidence of preoperative myocardial infarction.

[Insulin Resistance and Abnormalities in Blood Values of Icelandic Children Receiving Obesity Treatment].

Introduction: Worldwide, the rates of childhood obesity have risen dramatically in recent decades. Obesity may cause serious sequelae during childhood and throughout adulthood. Insulin resistance is prevalent metabolic abnormality in pediatric obesity.

Factors associated with failed epidural blood patch after accidental dural puncture in obstetrics: a prospective, multicentre, international cohort study.

Background: Epidural blood patch is commonly used for management of post-dural puncture headache after accidental dural puncture. The primary aim was to determine factors associated with failed epidural blood patch.

Methods: In this prospective, multicentre, international cohort study, parturients ≥18 yr receiving an epidural blood patch for treatment of post-dural puncture headache were included.

Decreasing death rates and causes of death in Icelandic children-A longitudinal analysis.

Background: Global death rate in children has been declining during the last decades worldwide, especially in high income countries. This has been attributed to several factors, including improved prenatal and perinatal care, immunisations, infection management as well as progress in diagnosis and treatment of most diseases. However, there is certainly room for further progress.

Longitudinal asthma and allergy study showed that childhood symptoms frequently persisted into adulthood.

Aims: The prevalence of allergic diseases is high and increasing in many countries. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of allergic diseases and changes in clinical expression in a birth cohort followed for three decades.

Methods: We followed Icelandic citizens born in 1987 for allergic diseases when they were 2, 4, 8, 15, 21 and 29 years of age.

[Obesity isn't always obesity: Cushing's disease - case report].

Woman in her thirties presented to the emergency room with a two-week history of worsening headache and diplopia. For eight years she had suffered from progressive weight gain, diabetes and hypertension that didn't improve with lifestyle modification. A lumbar puncture demonstrated increased intracranial pressure and MRI a pituitary adenoma.

Placental protein 13 (PP13) stimulates rat uterine vessels after slow subcutaneous administration.

Introduction: Reduced concentrations of placental protein 13 (PP13) during the first trimester of human pregnancy are associated with elevated risk for the subsequent development of preeclampsia, which is one of the deadliest obstetrical complications of pregnancy. Previous studies by our group have shown that PP13 lowers blood pressure in pregnant rats, increases the size and weight of pups and placentas, and induces vasodilation of resistance arteries through endothelial signaling pathways involving endothelial nitric oxid synthase and prostaglandin.

Methods: In the present study, the effect of PP13 was investigated in nonpregnant female Sprague Dawley rats (n=27).

High-density Bacterial Nasal Carriage in Children Is Transient and Associated With Respiratory Viral Infections-Implications for Transmission Dynamics.

Background: This longitudinal study describes the associations between respiratory viral infections, rhinitis and the prevalence and density of the common nasopharyngeal bacterial colonizers, Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp), Moraxella catarrhalis (Mc), Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) and Staphylococcus aureus.

Methods: In an observational cohort study, 161 children attending day care centers in Bristol, United Kingdom, were recruited. Monthly nasopharyngeal swabs were taken and stored frozen in Skim-milk, tryptone, glucose and glycerin broth (STGG) broth.

The risk of developing a mismatch repair deficient colorectal cancer after undergoing cholecystectomy.

Objectives: Mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC) is caused by inactivation of the MMR DNA repair system, most commonly via epigenetic inactivation of the MLH1 gene, and these tumors occur most frequently in the right colon. The objective was to determine whether cholecystectomy (CCY) increases the risk of a dMMR CRC by comparing CCY incidence in patients with dMMR CRC and proficient MMR (pMMR) CRC to unaffected controls.

Materials And Methods: All patients diagnosed with CRC in Iceland from 2000 to 2009 (n = 1171) were included.

Nationwide Incidence of Acquired Central Nervous System Demyelination in Icelandic Children.

Introduction: Recognizing acquired demyelinating syndromes and multiple sclerosis is important to commence early treatment. The objective of this study was to describe the incidence of acquired demyelinating syndromes and multiple sclerosis among the entire Icelandic pediatric population according to recently promoted criteria.

Patients And Methods: The study included all children in Iceland (<18 years) with acquired demyelinating syndromes and multiple sclerosis from 1990 to 2009 with a minimum of 5-year follow-up.

[Tetanus: a case report and literature review].

A 79 year old farmer was referred to the University Hospital with a three days history of difficulty in opening his mouth. On examination, both masseters were seen to be stiff, suggesting tetanus or jaw-subluxation. An attempt to reduce the joint was made, but failed.

The effects of smoking in pregnancy on factors influencing fetal growth.

Aim: To evaluate the influence of maternal smoking during pregnancy on factors influencing fetal growth.

Methods: Thirty newborns of smoking mothers were prospectively compared with 60 newborns of non-smoking mothers. Pre-albumin, albumin, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, IGF binding protein 3, pH, lactic acid, erythropoietin and hemoglobin concentrations were measured in umbilical cord blood.

The sensitivity of the premature infant pain profile - PIPP to measure pain in hospitalized neonates.

Aim: The present study uses an Icelandic translation of the original version of the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) in order to assess its accuracy and sensitivity to the measure of pain in hospitalized neonates in Iceland. The PIPP is a composite tool developed to assess acute pain in preterm and term neonates.

Methods: A crossover design, with a sample of 24 neonates, was used on three, routinely occurring events in the neonatal intensive care unit, where neonates were their own controls.

Pneumoparotitis: a new diagnostic technique and a case report.

Pneumoparotitis is a rare cause of parotid gland swelling. We report a case of self-induced pneumoparotitis that resulted in subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum after an open biopsy of the parotid gland. We suggest a new method for diagnosing this condition.