Solving unknown primary cancer with earlier diagnosis - the SUPER-ED trial: study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial to support earlier diagnosis for people presenting with malignancy of undefined primary origin.

Background: People with malignancy of undefined primary origin (MUO) have a poor prognosis and may undergo a protracted diagnostic workup causing patient distress and high cancer related costs. Not having a primary diagnosis limits timely site-specific treatment and access to precision medicine. There is a need to improve the diagnostic process, and healthcare delivery and support for these patients.

Magnetic resonance imaging in traumatic brain injury: a survey of clinical practitioners' experiences and views on current practice and obstacles.

Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revolutionized our capacity to examine brain alterations in traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, little is known about the level of implementation of MRI techniques in clinical practice in TBI and associated obstacles.

Methods: A diverse set of health professionals completed 19 multiple choice and free text survey questions.

Proximal humerus fracture dislocations: outcomes of management.

Purpose: Proximal humerus fracture dislocations are amongst the most severe proximal humerus injuries, presenting a challenging management problem. The aim of this study was to report on long-term outcomes of management of proximal humerus fracture dislocations.

Methods: Patients with a proximal humerus fracture dislocation managed at a Level 1 trauma centre from January 2010 to December 2018 were included.

Digital Home-Based Self-Monitoring System for People with Heart Failure: Protocol for Development of SmartHeart and Evaluation of Feasibility and Acceptability.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a chronic, progressive condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. In addition to the daily challenges that HF poses, acute exacerbations can lead to costly hospitalizations and increased mortality. High health care costs and the burden of HF have led to the emerging application of new technologies to support people living with HF to stay well while living in the community.

Systematic Review of the Presentation, Treatment, and Outcome of Chronic Disseminated Candidiasis in Children with Cancer or Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplant.

Chronic disseminated candidiasis (CDC) is a rare complication of immunosuppression. This review describes the presentation, management, and outcomes of CDC in pediatric patients with cancer or following hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). PubMed, Embase, and Medline were searched identifying 32 studies, describing 95 cases of CDC.

Use of the structured emergency nursing framework HIRAID® improves patient experience: A stepped-wedge cluster randomised control trial in rural, regional and metropolitan Australia.

Background: Emergency departments have high levels of uncertainty, long wait times, resource shortages, overcrowding and a constantly changing environment. Patient experience and patient safety are directly linked, yet levels of patient experience are stagnant. To improve emergency nursing care and patient experience, an emergency nursing framework HIRAID® (History including Infection risk, Red flags, Assessment, Interventions, Diagnostics, communication, and reassessment) was implemented in 29 Australian emergency departments.

Is lamotrigine a teratogen?

Aim: To assess whether lamotrigine (Lamictal), when used in antiseizure medication (ASM) monotherapy, is a teratogen.

Materials/methods: Analysis of data from 490 LTG monotherapy treated pregnancies and 214 pregnancies in women with epilepsy not exposed to any antiseizure medications during at least the first half of pregnancy.

Results: The LTG-treated and the untreated pregnancies were well matched in nearly all regards apart from ASM exposure.

Telehealth-facilitated palliative care enables more people to die at home: An analysis of clinical outcomes and service activity data.

Background: Telehealth-facilitated models of palliative care are a patient-focused way to deliver specialist care in or closer to home for people with a life-limiting illness. Telehealth can increase access to palliative care and support people experiencing symptoms of advanced disease in their own home, reducing the discomfort of travel. This retrospective cohort study examines the activity and outcomes of a regional telehealth-facilitated palliative care service to (i) describe which patients are most likely to use telehealth; and (ii) explore possible impacts of telehealth on patient outcomes including place of death, timely access to care, responsiveness to urgent needs and pain management.

Involving national stakeholders in a systems approach to map drivers of childhood obesity and actions to prevent childhood obesity in Denmark: the Generation Healthy Kids Study.

Background: Childhood obesity is a preventable global public health challenge, increasingly recognized as a complex problem, stemming from complex drivers. Obesity is characterized by multiple interdependencies and diverse influences at different societal levels. Tackling childhood obesity calls for a holistic approach that engages with complexity and recognizes that there is no single "magic bullet" intervention to prevent obesity.

Leptospirosis, melioidosis, and rickettsioses in the vicious circle of neglect.

The global priorities in the field of infectious diseases are constantly changing. While emerging viral infections have regularly dominated public health attention, which has only intensified after the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous bacterial diseases have previously caused, and continue to cause, significant morbidity and mortality-deserving equal attention. Three potentially life-threatening endemic bacterial diseases (leptospirosis, melioidosis, and rickettsioses) are a huge public health concern especially in low- and middle-income countries.

Effect of antipsychotics on the focal adhesion pathway.

Unlabelled: Focal adhesions and their dynamic nature are essential for various physiological processes, including the formation of neurites, synaptic function and plasticity. Alterations in these processes have been associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the impact of pharmacological treatments used for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia on the expression of genes involved in the focal adhesion pathway, addressing a gap in understanding the interaction between medication effects and disease pathophysiology.

Global comparison of the economic costs of coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, yet no comprehensive evaluation of its global economic costs exists. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to examine the costs of CHD treatment by region and CHD subtypes, examine whether there are cost difference by sex, and examine costing methodologies.

Design: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of non-randomised studies.

Impact of COVID-19 on hospitalization for heart failure: a perspective from Victoria, Australia.

Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare systems and possibly impacted the management of heart failure (HF). This study examined the impact of the pandemic on HF hospitalization activities, outcomes, and costs in Victoria, Australia.

Methods And Results: Data on HF hospitalizations were acquired from the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset.

Life satisfaction around the world: Measurement invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups.

The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a widely used self-report measure of subjective well-being, but studies of its measurement invariance across a large number of nations remain limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset-with data collected between 2020 and 2022 -to assess measurement invariance of the SWLS across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N = 56,968). All participants completed the SWLS under largely uniform conditions.

The Renal Effect of 20% Human Albumin Solution Fluid Bolus Therapy in Patients After Cardiac Surgery. A Secondary Analysis of the HAS FLAIR II Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: To compare the effects of fluid bolus therapy (FBT) with 20% albumin to crystalloid FBT on the incidence of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) and its severity and duration.

Design: Secondary analysis of the multicenter, parallel-group, open-label, randomized HAS FLAIR-II trial.

Setting: Six intensive care units.

Medication Management of Patients With Cancer Undergoing Surgery From Preadmission to Discharge: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review.

Aim(s): To identify and synthesise available evidence about regular medication management processes, from preadmission to discharge from hospital, in patients with cancer undergoing surgery.

Design: Mixed-methods systematic review.

Methods: Studies published from inception of each database until February 2023 were screened, utilising four main search concepts.

Association between anti-seizure medications and cardiac arrhythmias in patients undergoing ambulatory electroencephalographic and electrocardiographic monitoring.

Background Anti-seizure medications (ASMs) are commonly prescribed in epilepsy. However some have been associated with adverse cardiac outcomes including cardiac arrhythmias. Methods We conducted an observational study evaluating patients aged ≥16 years undergoing ambulatory video - electroencephalographic (EEG) - electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring (AVEEM) between 2020 and 2023 in Australia.

Associations between bone material strength index and FRAX scores.

Introduction: Impact microindentation (IMI) measures bone material strength index (BMSi) in vivo. However, its ability to predict fractures is still uncertain. This study aimed to determine the association between BMSi and 10 year fracture probability, as calculated by the FRAX algorithm.

amVAE: Age-aware multimorbidity clustering using variational autoencoders.

Multimorbidity, the co-occurrence of multiple chronic conditions within the same individual, is increasing globally. This is a challenge for the single patients, as these individuals are subject to a heavy disease and treatment burden, yet evidence on the epidemiology and consequences of multimorbidity remains underexplored. Historically, studies aiming to understand multimorbidity patterns predominantly utilized cross-sectional data, neglecting the essential temporal dynamics which shape multimorbidity progression.

Intensive care unit nurses' redeployment experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study.

Background: The pandemic response required the large-scale redeployment of nurses to support the care of patients with COVID-19. Surveys of staff and analysis of staff feedback indicated that the frequent redeployment of intensive care unit (ICU) registered nurses (RNs) led to dissatisfaction and contributed to voluntary reductions in hours and increased intentions to resign. Whilst much is understood about the redeployment of non-ICU RNs into ICUs to support patient care during periods of high demand, less is known about ICU RNs' experiences of being redeployed to general wards.

Strategies to Optimise the Engagement of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Populations in Cardiac Research: A Systematic Review.

Aims: Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) populations remain underrepresented in cardiovascular disease (CVD) research despite their higher disease burden compared to non-CALD populations. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the available literature on strategies to engage CALD participants in CVD research.

Methods And Results: Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO) were searched for literature up until May 2024.

Perioperative Management of Patients with Preeclampsia: A Comprehensive Review.

Preeclampsia is a common condition of pregnancy characterized by hypertension complicated by cerebral, cardiac, hepatic, renal, hematologic, and placental dysfunction. Patients with preeclampsia frequently undergo cesarean delivery, the most common major surgical procedure in the world. They represent a high-risk perioperative cohort suffering significant preventable morbidity and mortality.

Implementation strategies: lessons learned during an e-learning intervention to improve dietary behaviors and feeding practices in early childhood education and care.

Background: Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) centers play an important role in fostering healthy dietary habits. The Nutrition Now project focusing on improving dietary habits during the first 1000 days of life. Central to the project is the implementation of an e-learning resource aimed at promoting feeding practices among staff and healthy dietary behaviours for children aged 0-3 years in ECEC.

Understanding influences on psychiatry specialty selection in Victoria's Medical workforce.

Objective: Australia faces a psychiatrist shortage, making it crucial to understand factors influencing specialty choice and workforce retention.

Method: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical doctors in their prevocational and vocational stages working in Victoria, Australia. Participants were asked about various factors that influenced their choice of specialty.