Strategies to Optimise the Engagement of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Populations in Cardiac Research: A Systematic Review.

Aims: Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) populations remain underrepresented in cardiovascular disease (CVD) research despite their higher disease burden compared to non-CALD populations. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the available literature on strategies to engage CALD participants in CVD research.

Methods And Results: Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO) were searched for literature up until May 2024.

Perioperative Management of Patients with Preeclampsia: A Comprehensive Review.

Preeclampsia is a common condition of pregnancy characterized by hypertension complicated by cerebral, cardiac, hepatic, renal, hematologic, and placental dysfunction. Patients with preeclampsia frequently undergo cesarean delivery, the most common major surgical procedure in the world. They represent a high-risk perioperative cohort suffering significant preventable morbidity and mortality.

Implementation strategies: lessons learned during an e-learning intervention to improve dietary behaviors and feeding practices in early childhood education and care.

Background: Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) centers play an important role in fostering healthy dietary habits. The Nutrition Now project focusing on improving dietary habits during the first 1000 days of life. Central to the project is the implementation of an e-learning resource aimed at promoting feeding practices among staff and healthy dietary behaviours for children aged 0-3 years in ECEC.

Understanding influences on psychiatry specialty selection in Victoria's Medical workforce.

Objective: Australia faces a psychiatrist shortage, making it crucial to understand factors influencing specialty choice and workforce retention.

Method: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical doctors in their prevocational and vocational stages working in Victoria, Australia. Participants were asked about various factors that influenced their choice of specialty.

Immuno-metabolic depression: from concept to implementation.

Major depressive disorder is a common, disabling mental disorder characterized by extensive etiological and phenotypic heterogeneity. This heterogeneity makes treatment approaches imprecise and often ineffective. Insight into the underlying biological mechanisms underpinning depression and its subtypes may enable more personalized treatments.

Blarcamesine for the treatment of Early Alzheimer's Disease: Results from the ANAVEX2-73-AD-004 Phase IIB/III trial.

Background: There are no approved oral disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess efficacy and safety of blarcamesine (ANAVEX®2-73), an orally available small-molecule activator of the sigma-1 receptor (SIGMAR1) in early AD through restoration of cellular homeostasis including autophagy enhancement.

Design: ANAVEX2-73-AD-004 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 48-week Phase IIb/III trial.

Six months of hybrid closed-loop therapy improves diabetes-specific positive well-being, and reduces diabetes distress and fear of hypoglycemia: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: This analysis aimed to investigate diabetes-specific psychological outcomes among adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using hybrid closed-loop (HCL) versus standard therapy.

Research Design And Methods: In this multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled, parallel-group clinical trial, adults with T1D were allocated to 26 weeks of HCL (MiniMed™ 670G) or standard therapy (insulin pump or multiple daily injections without real-time continuous glucose monitoring). Psychological outcomes (awareness and fear of hypoglycemia; and diabetes-specific positive well-being, diabetes distress, diabetes treatment satisfaction, and diabetes-specific quality of life (QoL)) were measured at enrollment, mid-trial and end-trial.

How does family functioning contribute to child externalizing and internalizing behavior problems after childhood TBI? Evidence from a prospective cohort study.

Background And Objectives: Despite a well-documented association between childhood traumatic brain injury and elevated risk for internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, the mechanisms through which family functioning contributes to individual variation in these behavioral outcomes remains poorly understood. This prospective cohort study aimed to assess the respective contribution of family functioning and child emotion regulation (ER) to post-injury behavior problems at 1-year follow-up, with a specific focus on evaluating the role of emotional dysregulation in mediating the effects of familial affective responsiveness and communication on child behavioral outcomes.

Method: The study included 129 participants, comprising 86 children with medically confirmed mild-to-severe TBI, identified from consecutive hospital admissions, and 43 typically developing (TD) control children, of similar age and sex.

Hospital-level volume in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cases and death or disability at 6 months.

Objective: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a high-risk procedure with significant morbidity and mortality and there is an uncertain volume-outcome relationship, especially regarding long-term functional outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the association between ECMO centre volume and long-term death and disability outcomes.

Design Setting And Participants: This is a registry-embedded observational cohort study.

Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Associated With Antiseizure Medications and Their Indications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Objectives: Aside from congenital malformations and impaired postnatal neurodevelopment, risks associated with antiseizure medication (ASM) use during pregnancy have been sparsely investigated, particularly outside of epilepsy. We aimed to assess these risks through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis, including ASM exposure for indication.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane for studies including pregnant women on ASMs for any indication and untreated pregnant women, investigating obstetric complications and fetal/neonatal complications other than congenital malformations and impaired neurodevelopment.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Biomarker of Illness State in Bipolar Disorder: A Critical Review.

Mitochondria are organelles involved in different cellular functions, especially energy production. A relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and mood disorders, especially bipolar disorder (BD), has been reported in the scientific literature, which suggests altered energy production and higher levels of oxidative stress compared to healthy controls. Specifically, in BD, the hypothesis of a biphasic pattern of energy availability has been postulated according to mood states.

Effect of ketamine on anxiety: findings from the Ketamine for Adult Depression Study.

Background: Anxiety disorders and treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (TRD) are often comorbid. Studies suggest ketamine has anxiolytic and antidepressant properties.

Aims: To investigate if subcutaneous racemic ketamine, delivered twice weekly for 4 weeks, reduces anxiety in people with TRD.

Real-World Persistence and Effectiveness of Upadacitinib versus Other Janus Kinase Inhibitors and Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in Australian Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Introduction: This study sought to describe treatment patterns, persistence, and effectiveness of upadacitinib (UPA) alone and compared to other Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) or tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: This retrospective, non-interventional study used the OPAL dataset, derived from electronic medical records. Patients initiated UPA (N = 2624), other JAKis (baricitinib and tofacitinib [N = 925]), or TNFis (adalimumab, etanercept, certolizumab, golimumab, infliximab [N = 3540]) between May 2020 and March 2023.

Phase 2 Open-Label Study of Sacituzumab Govitecan as Second-Line Therapy in Patients With Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: Results From TROPiCS-03.

Introduction: The phase 2 TROPiCS-03 study evaluated the efficacy/safety of sacituzumab govitecan (SG) as second-line treatment in patients with previously treated extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC).

Methods: TROPiCS-03 (NCT03964727) is a multicohort, open-label, phase 2 basket study in solid tumors, including ES-SCLC. Adults with ES-SCLC that progressed after one prior line of platinum-based chemotherapy and anti-programmed death-(ligand) 1 (PD-[L]1) therapy received SG 10 mg/kg on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle.

Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of an ACT and compassion-based intervention for women with breast cancer: study protocol of two randomised controlled trials {1}.

Background: Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women worldwide and carries a considerable psychosocial burden. Interventions based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and compassion-based approaches show promise in improving adjustment and quality of life in people with cancer. The Mind programme is an integrative ACT and compassion-based intervention tailored for women with breast cancer, which aims to prepare women for survivorship by promoting psychological flexibility and self-compassion.

Modifiable Risk Factors for Stroke in Syria: A Nationwide Multi-centre Case-Control Study.

Stroke is the second-leading cause of death worldwide, including in Syria, and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined. With approximately 90% of strokes worldwide linked to modifiable risk factors, identifying and quantifying these factors within a specific population is essential for effective prevention. This is the first study to investigate primary risk factors for stroke in Syria.

Changes in sleep duration status and risk of high carotid intima-media thickness in children: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Short sleep duration is common in the pediatric population and is associated with an increased risk of high carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. However, little is known regarding whether changes in sleep duration status over time can alter the risk of high cIMT in children.

Objectives: To examine the association between changes in sleep duration status and high cIMT in a cohort study of Chinese children.

Health checks for autistic adults: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: Autistic people commonly have physical and mental health conditions. They also frequently experience barriers to accessing healthcare, contributing to problems identifying and treating health conditions. These factors may lead to increased and earlier morbidity and lower average life expectancy for autistic people.

Effectiveness of an online food shopping intervention to reduce salt purchases among individuals with hypertension - findings of the SaltSwitch Online Grocery Shopping (OGS) randomised trial.

Background: Online grocery shopping is a growing source of food purchases in many countries. We investigated the effect of nudging consumers towards purchases of lower sodium products using a web browser extension.

Methods: This trial was conducted among individuals with hypertension who shopped for their groceries online in Australia.

Trends in the surgical management of proximal humerus fractures over the last 20 years from Australian registry databases.

Background: Proximal humerus fractures (PHF) are common with approximately 30% requiring surgical intervention. This ranges from open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) to shoulder arthroplasty (including hemiarthroplasty, total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA)). The aim of this study was to assess trends in operative interventions for PHF in an Australian population.

A comparative analysis of a central metaphyseal humeral fixation stemless shoulder arthroplasty to an anatomic shoulder arthroplasty in a national registry cohort.

Background: This study aimed to determine the revision outcome between a centrally fixed stemless anatomic design and other total anatomic shoulder replacements using data from a large national arthroplasty registry.

Methods: The study period was from December 2011 to December 2022 and included three cohorts; primary Affinis stemless anatomic (AFS), all other primary total stemless anatomic (sTSA) and primary total stemmed anatomic shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA). The endpoint was all-cause revision using cumulative percent revision (CPR).