Large multimodal model-based standardisation of pathology reports with confidence and its prognostic significance.

Despite the existence of established standards and guidelines for pathology reporting, many pathology reports are still written in unstructured free text. Extracting information from these reports and formatting it according to a standard is crucial for consistent interpretation. Automated information extraction from unstructured pathology reports is a challenging task, as it requires accurately interpreting medical terminologies and context-dependent details.

Pharmacokinetics of PP353, a formulation of linezolid for intervertebral disc administration, in patients with chronic low back pain and Modic change Type 1: A first-in-human, Phase 1b, open-label, single-dose study.

Background: Bacterial infection of the intervertebral disc is difficult to treat because the tissue is usually not vascularized and systemic antibiotic therapy may not reach optimal antibacterial exposure. Here we characterize the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of PP353, a suspension of micronized linezolid, formulated for direct intervertebral disc administration.

Methods: The safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of an intradiscal administration of PP353, was assessed in Part A of a Phase 1b study and consisted of a single injection of study drug (3 mL of PP353 and 150 mg linezolid).

An in-depth understanding of stakeholders' experiences about their participation in the co-production of 'Maze Out': a serious game for the treatment of eating disorders.

Background: Co-production is increasingly used in mental health research and clinical settings. Maze Out is a digital game co-produced by clinicians, patients with eating disorders (EDs), an art director with lived experience in EDs, and a game-developing company. Maze Out is based on everyday challenges when suffering from EDs and is currently being evaluated as a supplement tool in EDs treatment.

Correlation of Serum Albumin Levels With the Severity of Sepsis Among Intensive Care Unit Patients.

Background Sepsis is a critical and potentially fatal medical condition characterized by significant illness and death rates. Early recognition and assessment of sepsis severity are vital for its optimal management. Determination of its severity by Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, is quite a complex process as these score systems require complex and costly investigations.

A survey of United Kingdom intensive care echocardiography provision.

This study, conducted under the oversight of National Health Service Blood & Transplant, aimed to evaluate the current feasibility and implementation of both comprehensive and focused donor echocardiography in United Kingdom Intensive Care Units through a nationwide survey. Responses from 95 hospitals across all 4 UK nations showed each ICU had median 4 (IQR 2, 6) personal with 3 (IQR 2, 5) consultants and 1 (IQR 0, 2) registrar trained in focused echocardiography. A comprehensive echocardiogram can be acquired in 48% ( = 46) of hospitals within 6 h during regular working hours.

Prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in Malaysia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The incidence of childhood obesity is increasing worldwide. National surveys in Malaysia have shown similar trends. This review aimed to increase our understanding of the prevalence and associated factors of childhood overweight, obesity, and excess weight in Malaysia.

Using disease-modifying treatments in multiple sclerosis: Association of British Neurologists (ABN) 2024 guidance.

The Association of British Neurologists last published guidelines on disease-modifying treatment (DMT) in multiple sclerosis (MS) in 2015. Since then, additional DMTs have been licensed and approved for prescribing within the National Health Service for relapsing-remitting MS, early primary progressive MS and active secondary progressive MS. This updated guidance provides a consensus-based approach to using DMTs.

Nepal Family Cohort study: a study protocol.

Introduction: The Nepal Family Cohort study uses a life course epidemiological approach to collect comprehensive data on children's and their parents' environmental, behavioural and metabolic risk factors. These factors can affect the overall development of children to adulthood and the onset of specific diseases. Among the many risk factors, exposure to air pollution and lifestyle factors during childhood may impact lung development and function, leading to the early onset of respiratory diseases.

Evaluating acute medical service performance against assessment time metrics: the Society for Acute Medicine Benchmarking Audit 2023 (SAMBA23).

Performance within acute medicine services is impacted by ongoing pressures on acute care services. Data from the Society for Acute Medicine Benchmarking Audit 2023 (SAMBA23), was used to assess performance of acute medicine services compared to key clinical quality indicators, comparing performance by initial assessment location. Data was analysed for 8213 unplanned attendances across 161 hospitals.

Retrospective Observational Study of the Management of Blunt Traumatic Splenic Injury 2017-2022 at Major Trauma Centres in England. What is the Current Role of Splenic Artery Embolisation?

Background: PURPOSE: To compare the treatment and outcomes of blunt splenic injury (BSI) management strategy within Major Trauma centres in England between 2017 and 2022.

Methods: Data was extracted from UK TARN (Trauma Audit Research Network) identifying all splenic injuries admitted to English Major Trauma Centres (MTCs) between 01/01/17 and 31/12/21. Mechanism, injuries, treatment and outcomes were compared between management strategies according to American Association of Surgery in Trauma (AAST) grade over the period.

Meniscal allograft transplantation in patients with substantial cartilage disease led to a sustained long-term improvement in patient-reported outcome measures.

Purpose: Due to a lack of consensus regarding effective treatment options in young patients, the indications of meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) have widened to include those with substantial cartilage disease. The aim of this study was to report the long-term patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and allograft survival rates for patients with substantial cartilage disease.

Methods: A review of the prospectively maintained database was performed.

The Knee Anterolateral Ligament is Present in 82% of North Americans and 65% of Europeans but Only in 46% of Asian Studies: A Systematic Review of Frequency and Anatomy.

Purpose: To perform an updated systematic review on the prevalence and morphological characteristics of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) in human cadaveric specimens.

Methods: Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for studies from 2012 to 2024 describing morphology. Study quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist and Quality Appraisal for Cadaveric Studies scale.

Simulation of hip bony range of motion (BROM) corresponds to the observed functional range of motion (FROM) for pure flexion, internal rotation in deep flexion, and external rotation in minimal flexion-extension - A cadaver study.

Background: The study investigated the relationship between computed bony range of motion (BROM) and actual functional range of motion (FROM) as directly measured in cadaveric hips. The hypothesis was that some hip movements are not substantially restricted by soft tissues, and therefore, computed BROM for these movements may effectively represent FROM, providing a reliable parameter for computational pre-operative planning.

Methods: Maximum passive FROM was measured in nine cadaveric hips using optical tracking.

Ethical implications of artificial intelligence in skin cancer diagnostics: use-case analyses.

Background: Skin cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. Early diagnosis is crucial for improving patient survival and morbidity. Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted smartphone applications (apps) for skin cancer potentially offer accessible, early risk assessment of suspicious skin lesions.

Relationship between heart rate variability and echocardiography indices of cardiac function in healthy individuals.

Purpose: This study evaluated the relationship between HRV and echocardiography indices of cardiac function.

Methods: Healthy individuals (N = 30) aged 33 ± 10 years old, underwent short-term resting HRV assessment and transthoracic echocardiography with speckle tracking analysis. Time domain - (i.