Development of a Core Outcome Measure Instrument; "LeishCOM_LCL", for Localised Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.

Background: Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) is a chronic ulcerating disease. A literature review identified inconsistencies in clinical trials. The aims of this study were to reach a consensus on the most important domains to measure when assessing LCL, agree on parameters to measure the domains, and develop a tool representing a Core Outcome Set (COS), for use in clinical assessment of LCL.

Microbiological culture versus 16S/18S rRNA gene PCR-sanger sequencing for infectious keratitis: a three-arm, diagnostic cross-sectional study.

Background: To compare the diagnostic performance of microbiological culture and 16S/18S rRNA gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-Sanger sequencing for infectious keratitis (IK) and to analyse the effect of clinical disease severity on test performance and inter-test concordance.

Methods: This was a three-arm, diagnostic cross-sectional study. We included all eligible patients who presented with presumed bacterial/fungal keratitis to the Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK, between June 2021 and September 2022.

Easy read health information for people with intellectual disabilities: A linguistic discourse analysis. What happens to language when it is simplified?

Introduction: Easy Read health documents prepared for people with intellectual disabilities are often generated from Standard Texts. Language in Easy Read versions is typically assumed to be simpler. However, simplification of language may have unintended consequences.

Dietary and Lifestyle Strategies for Obesity.

The prevalence of obesity globally has tripled over the last half century, and currently affects around 650 million adults and 340 million children and adolescents (ages 5-19 years). Obesity contributes towards >50 co-morbidities and premature mortality. Obesity is a highly stigmatised condition that is associated with much mental and emotional distress and dysfunction.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Internet of Things: A Scoping Review.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder impacting women's health and quality of life. This scoping review explores the use of the Internet of Things (IoT) in PCOS management. Results were grouped into six domains of the IoT: mobile apps, social media, wearables, machine learning, websites, and phone-based.

Negotiating grey areas: an interview-based analysis of paramedic uncertainty and decision-making in cardiac arrest events.

Background: Paramedics are responsible for critical resuscitation decisions when attending Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrests (OHCA). Existing research indicates that a range of clinical and non-clinical factors moderate their decision-making. Within the United Kingdom (UK), there is little evidence on how and why paramedics make their decisions at actual OHCA events.

Inclusivity in prostate cancer and exercise research: a systematic review.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent type of cancer in men in the UK. Exercise has been shown to improve the health and quality of life of PCa patients. Exercise should be easily accessible to men with PCa regardless of socioeconomic group or ethnicity.

International declaration on rural mental health research: 10 guiding principles and standards.

Rural communities have unique mental health needs and challenges which are often related to the uniqueness of the community itself. On a per-capita basis, the investment in rural mental health research is far less than that in urban communities. Added to this, rural communities are often at risk of researchers, based in large urban universities, visiting, conducting the research with minimal engagement with local stakeholders and limited understanding of the community's social-service-environmental context.

Longitudinal Changes in Ki-67 Indices in Small-Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumours and Their Impact on Survival.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate longitudinal changes in Ki-67 indices of SI-NETs and assess the impact of these in overall survival (OS).

Methods: We screened 551 patients with SI-NETs diagnosed from 1993, through 2021, identified using the SI-NET databases from five European referral centres. Only patients with well-differentiated tumours and available baseline tumour samples and follow-up re-biopsies were included.

A 27-country test of communicating the scientific consensus on climate change.

Communicating the scientific consensus that human-caused climate change is real increases climate change beliefs, worry and support for public action in the United States. In this preregistered experiment, we tested two scientific consensus messages, a classic message on the reality of human-caused climate change and an updated message additionally emphasizing scientific agreement that climate change is a crisis. Across online convenience samples from 27 countries (n = 10,527), the classic message substantially reduces misperceptions (d = 0.

Treatment continuation with cladribine at 5 years after initiation in people with multiple sclerosis: A case series and literature review.

Background: Cladribine is an oral disease-modifying drug approved for the treatment of highly active relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). The recommended number of treatment courses is two, with the courses given 1 year apart (i.e.

Exploring Delays in Cardiac Care Processes Through Electronic Health Records.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. Timely health services are fundamental to the appropriate prevention, identification, care and rehabilitation of these diseases. This study aimed to explore the potential of using electronic health records as a data source to help identify health system -related delays in care processes of cardiac patients.

Bile acid diarrhoea and metabolic changes after cholecystectomy: a prospective case-control study.

Introduction: Bile acid diarrhoea (BAD) can occur due to disruption to the enterohepatic circulation such as following cholecystectomy. However, the mechanism behind this is as yet unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of post-cholecystectomy diarrhoea and to assess whether FGF19 within the gallbladder was associated with the development of BAD.

DiffErential attainment and Factors AssoCiated with Training applications and Outcomes (DE FACTO) study: Trauma & Orthopaedic surgery in the UK.

Aims: The aims of this study were to describe the demographic, socioeconomic, and educational factors associated with core surgical trainees (CSTs) who apply to and receive offers for higher surgical training (ST3) posts in Trauma & Orthopaedics (T&O).

Methods: Data collected by the UK Medical Education Database (UKMED) between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2019 were used in this retrospective longitudinal cohort study comprising 1,960 CSTs eligible for ST3. The primary outcome measures were whether CSTs applied for a T&O ST3 post and if they were subsequently offered a post.

Equity in the provision of helicopter emergency medical services in the United Kingdom: a geospatial analysis using indices of multiple deprivation.

Background: Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) in the United Kingdom (UK) are provided in a mixed funding model, with the majority of services funded by charities alongside a small number of government-funded operations. More socially-deprived communities are known to have greater need for critical care, such as that provided by HEMS in the UK. Equity of access is an important pillar of medical care, describing how resource should be allocated on the basis of need; a concept that is particularly relevant to resource-intensive services such as HEMS.

A Systematic Review on Conditions Before and After Training of Teamwork Competencies and the Effect on Transfer of Skills to the Clinical Workplace.

We conducted a systematic review to assess if any condition before- or after simulation-based training of teamwork competencies for healthcare professionals affects learning or transfer of skills to the clinical environment.We searched CINAHL, Medline, and Embase for studies published between January 1, 2011, and July 10, 2023. We screened 13,149 abstracts and 335 full texts, of which 5 studies were included.

Preconception health among migrant women in England: A cross-sectional analysis of maternity services data 2018-2019.

Background: Perinatal outcomes are poor among migrant women in vulnerable situations, but little is known about their health preconception. We investigated preconception health inequalities between migrant women in vulnerable situations and non-migrant women.

Methods: This national cross-sectional study used data from the NHS Maternity Services Data Set (MSDS) version 1.

Podocyte Infolding Glomerulopathy Masquerading as Membranous Nephropathy - A Shared Pathogenesis?

Podocyte infolding glomerulopathy (PIG) is a rare pathological entity, diagnosed by electron microscopic demonstration of diffuse infolding of the podocytes into the glomerular basement membranes. We report the first case from United Kingdom exhibiting typical ultrastructural features of PIG in a male with Type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension and common variable immune deficiency. Renal biopsy revealed phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) immunostain positive membranous nephropathy (MN) but no serum PLA2R antibodies.

Imlifidase: Is it the Magic Wand in Renal Transplantation?

Potential kidney transplant patients with HLA-specific antibodies have reduced access to transplantation. Their harmful effects are mediated by the Fc portion of IgG, including activation of the complement system and Fc receptor-initiated cytotoxic processes by circulating leucocytes. Avoiding antibody incompatibility is the conventional approach, but for some patients this can mean extended waiting times, or even no chance of a transplant if there are no alternative, compatible donors.