The Loss-of-Function ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 2 Polymorphism ABCG2 c.421C>A Reduces Lamotrigine Trough Concentrations in Adults with Epilepsy.

Background And Objectives: The commonly used antiseizure medication lamotrigine is a substrate to ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) transporter. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the common loss-of-function polymorphism ABCG2 c.421C>A (rs2231142) on the lamotrigine trough concentrations at steady state in adults with epilepsy.

The Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Distinguishing the Athlete's Heart From Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-A Brief Literature Review.

All structural and functional alterations the heart experiences due to intense sports training are collectively called the "athlete's heart" (AH). One of the main diagnostic dilemmas of today's sports cardiology is the so-called "gray zone"-the structural and functional overlap between the physiological adaptation of the AH and the pathological process of cardiomyopathy. The importance of accurate differentiation between these two entities cannot be highlighted enough-it is estimated that half of the cases of sudden cardiac death in young athletes aged 19-29 are caused by cardiomyopathies, primarily hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

Management of Coronary Artery Diseases in Systemic Vasculitides: Complications and Strategies.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) presents a significant risk for patients with systemic vasculitides, a group of disorders characterized by the inflammation of blood vessels. In this review, we focus on the pathophysiological mechanisms, complications, and management strategies for CAD in systemic vasculitides. We highlight how the inflammatory processes inherent in vasculitis contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis and myocardial ischemia.

The Association between Resistance and Virulence of in High-Risk Clonal Lineages ST86 and ST101.

is an opportunistic pathogen known for two main pathotypes: classical (cKp), often multidrug-resistant and common in hospitals, and hypervirulent (hvKp), associated with severe community-acquired infections. The recent emergence of strains combining hypervirulence and resistance is alarming. This study investigates the distribution of sequence types (STs), resistance, and virulence factors in strains causing bloodstream and urinary tract infections in Croatia.

Novel Variant in Muscular Dystrophy: Identification by Whole Genome Sequencing and Quad Analysis.

Background: The phenotypic spectrum of muscle disease ranges widely from elevated creatine kinase (CK) levels in the serum of asymptomatic individuals to progressive muscular dystrophy. Due to overlapping clinical features among muscular dystrophies, the diagnosis of muscle disease is established by molecular genetic tests. Early diagnosis is crucial for the clinical management of symptoms and to mitigate cardiac and musculoskeletal complications.

Adults with congenital heart disease: what every cardiologist should know about their care.

As patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) continue to enjoy longer lives, non-congenital cardiologists and other healthcare professionals are increasingly encountering them in their practice and are challenged by their specific needs. Most under- and post-graduate medical training tends to overlook this common pathology, resulting in insufficient awareness of post-repair or post-palliation residual lesions and sequelae from previous interventions. In a strive towards improving the quality of care for this ever-growing cardiovascular patient cohort, it is prudent to outline the areas of concern and specific management needs pertaining to adult patients with CHD and share it with non-CHD professionals.

Pharmacotherapy for behavioural manifestations in frontotemporal dementia: An expert consensus from the European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND).

Background And Purpose: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by pervasive personality and behavioural disturbances with severe impact on patients and caregivers. In current clinical practice, treatment is based on nonpharmacological and pharmacological approaches. Unfortunately, trial-based evidence supporting symptomatic pharmacological treatment for the behavioural disturbances in FTD is scarce despite the significant burden this poses on the patients and caregivers.

Differences in sex and age response to single pill combination based antihypertensive therapy reflecting in blood pressure and arterial stiffness.

Objective: There are noticeable sex differences in the treatment response to antihypertensives, with limited data on the response to single pill combinations. The aim of the PRECIOUS trial was to assess the treatment response to perindopril/amlodipine and perindopril/amlodipine/indapamide dual and triple single-pill combination in men and women.

Methods: Four hundred and forty adults with essential hypertension were assessed in the 16-week interventional, open-label, prospective, international, multicentre trial.

Strengthening lung cancer screening in Europe: fostering participation, improving outcomes, and addressing health inequalities through collaborative initiatives in the SOLACE consortium.

The Strengthening the Screening of Lung Cancer in Europe (SOLACE) initiative, supported by Europe's Beating Cancer Plan, is dedicated to advancing lung cancer screening. This initiative brings together the most extensive pan-European network of respiratory and radiology experts, involving 37 partners from 15 countries. SOLACE aims to enhance equitable access to lung cancer screening by developing targeted recruitment strategies for underrepresented and high-risk populations.

Development, cross-validation and greenness assessment of capillary electrophoresis method for determination of ALP in pharmaceutical dosage forms - an alternative to liquid chromatography.

Breast cancer treatment has made tremendous progress in recent years and new therapies are emerging continuously. Alpelisib (ALP) is a novel phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor recently approved for human receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative, PIK3CA-mutated metastatic breast cancer in combination with fulvestrant. ALP has been the subject of only a limited number of preclinical and studies using different chromatographic techniques.

Platelet Indices in Patients With Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Sepsis: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: Different inflammatory processes and sepsis can significantly affect the number of platelets and platelet indices. Therefore, in this study, total platelet count (PLT), thrombocrit (Pct), platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR) were analyzed in patients with Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial sepsis and in sterile blood cultures.

Materials And Methods: Inclusion criteria were an increased number of inflammatory parameters (elevated values ​​of leukocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and positive blood culture.

Machine learning prediction of unexpected readmission or death after discharge from intensive care: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Intensive care units (ICUs) harbor the sickest patients with the utmost needs of medical care. Discharge from ICU needs to consider the reason for admission and stability after ICU care. Organ dysfunction or instability after ICU discharge constitute potentially life-threatening situations for patients.

Principle of sample size calculation in gastroenterology research: a practical guide for clinicians.

Introduction: A proper sample size calculation enables to conduct adequately powered randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and to provide a valid assessment of a specific clinical question.

Areas Covered: In the current manuscript, we tried to provide the reader with an easy guide on the principles of sample size calculation in RCTs, tailored specifically to the context of gastroenterology and hepatology. The basics of sample size calculation were commented with a description of some of the main methods, including the calculation of the non-inferiority margin for non-inferiority RCTs and the calculation of the minimum clinically important difference (MCID).

Whole exome sequencing in patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: Results from a Croatian national study.

The purpose of this study was to identify new and low-frequency gene variants using whole exome sequencing (WES) in patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE), that may be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. We performed WES on selected 17 trios (in some cases including other informative family members) in which the proband presented with severe, atypical clinical features, resistance to conventional therapy, a family pattern of occurrence and/or syndromic characteristics. After performing WES and analysis of gene variants, 17 novel and/or low-frequency variants were identified in 7 patients.

Psychological Safety Competency Training During the Clinical Internship From the Perspective of Health Care Trainee Mentors in 11 Pan-European Countries: Mixed Methods Observational Study.

Background: In the field of research, psychological safety has been widely recognized as a contributing factor to improving the quality of care and patient safety. However, its consideration in the curricula and traineeship pathways of residents and health care students is scarce.

Objective: This study aims to determine the extent to which health care trainees acquire psychological safety competencies during their internships in clinical settings and identify what measures can be taken to promote their learning.