Audiovisual Breathing Guidance for Improved Image Quality and Scan Efficiency of T2- and Diffusion-Weighted Liver MRI.

Objectives: Impaired image quality and long scan times frequently occur in respiratory-triggered sequences in liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We evaluated the impact of an in-bore active breathing guidance (BG) application on image quality and scan time of respiratory-triggered T2-weighted (T2) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) by comparing sequences with standard triggering (T2S and DWIS) and with BG (T2BG and DWIBG).

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study, random patients with clinical indications for liver MRI underwent 3 T MRI with standard and BG acquisitions.

Analysis of differential gene expression of PBMC for the in vitro detection of drug sensitization.

Background: The detection of drug-specific activation of T cells in the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) is mainly based on cell proliferation or cytokine secretion. However, the LTT presents with a varying sensitivity and specificity. The aim of our study was to analyse the genome wide gene expression of PBMC to identify drug allergy-specific gene regulation patterns.

Exploring Molecular Mechanisms of Liver Fibrosis.

Liver diseases, particularly metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), have emerged as a major global health concern, affecting millions of individuals and leading to increased morbidity and mortality [...

Genetic Characteristics of the Rat Fibroblast Cell Line Rat-1.

The Rat-1 cell line was established as a subclone of the parental rat fibroblastoid line F2408, derived from Fisher 344 rat embryos. Rat-1 cells are widely used in various research fields, especially in cancer biology, to study the effects of oncogenes on cell proliferation. They are also crucial for investigating signal transduction pathways and play a key role in drug testing and pharmacological studies due to their rapid proliferation.

Proenkephalin A 119-159 (penKid) and mortality in stable patients at high cardiovascular risk.

Background: Proenkephalin A 119-159 (penKid) is a novel blood biomarker for real-time assessment of kidney function and was found to be independently associated with worsening kidney function and mortality. A novel penKid-based estimated glomerular filtration rate equation (eGFR), outperforms current creatinine-based eGFR equations in predicting iohexol or iothalamate plasma clearance-based measured GFR. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the predictive value of penKid and eGFR for all-cause mortality in stable patients at high cardiovascular risk.

RAD51 testing in patients with early HER2-negative breast cancer and homologous recombination deficiency: post-hoc analysis of the GeparOla trial.

Purpose: The randomized GeparOla trial reported comparable pathological complete response (pCR) rates with neoadjuvant containing olaparib vs. carboplatin treatment. Here, we evaluate the association between functional homologous repair deficiency (HRD) by RAD51 foci and pCR, and the potential of improving patient selection by combining RAD51 and stromal tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs).

Debate: Lipid-lowering Therapies and Diabetes Development.

Purpose Of Review: This review explores the relationship between lipid-lowering therapies, particularly statins, and the risk of new-onset diabetes (NOD). It examines the underlying mechanisms and evaluates whether other lipid-lowering agents present similar risks.

Recent Findings: Recent meta-analyses further underscore a dose-dependent increase in NOD risk with statin therapy, particularly with high-intensity statins.

Etiology-Dependent Microbiome Differences in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development.

Chronic liver disease is characterised by persistent inflammation, tissue damage, and regeneration, which leads to steatosis, fibrosis, and, lastly, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC, the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer, is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in human physiology, and disturbances in its critical balance are widely recognised as contributors to various pathological conditions, including chronic liver diseases, both infectious and non-infectious in nature.

The Formyl Peptid Receptor Ligand Ac2-26 Improves the Integrity of the Blood-Brain Barrier in the Course of Pneumococcal Meningitis.

Background: The brain is protected from invading pathogens by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the innate immune system. Pattern recognition receptors play a crucial role in detecting bacteria and initiating the innate immune response. Among these are G-protein-coupled formyl peptide receptors (FPR), which are expressed by immune cells in the central nervous system.

Ecologically sustainable benchmarking of AI models for histopathology.

Deep learning (DL) holds great promise to improve medical diagnostics, including pathology. Current DL research mainly focuses on performance. DL implementation potentially leads to environmental consequences but approaches for assessment of both performance and carbon footprint are missing.

A bioprinted and scalable model of human tubulo-interstitial kidney fibrosis.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects more than 10% of the global population. As kidney function negatively correlates with the presence of interstitial fibrosis, the development of new anti-fibrotic therapies holds promise to stabilize functional decline in CKD patients. The goal of the study was to generate a scalable bioprinted 3-dimensional kidney tubulo-interstitial disease model of kidney fibrosis.

MicroRNAs and RNA-Binding Protein-Based Regulation of Bone Metastasis from Hepatobiliary Cancers and Potential Therapeutic Strategies.

Hepatobiliary cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), are among the deadliest malignancies worldwide, leading to a significant number of cancer-related deaths. While bone metastases from these cancers are rare, they are highly aggressive and linked to poor prognosis. This review focuses on RNA-based molecular mechanisms that contribute to bone metastasis from hepatobiliary cancers.

GrandQC: A comprehensive solution to quality control problem in digital pathology.

Histological slides contain numerous artifacts that can significantly deteriorate the performance of image analysis algorithms. Here we develop the GrandQC tool for tissue and multi-class artifact segmentation. GrandQC allows for high-precision tissue segmentation (Dice score 0.

KIRA6 is an Effective and Versatile Mast Cell Inhibitor of IgE-mediated Activation.

Mast cell (MC)-driven allergic diseases are constantly expanding and require the development of novel pharmacological MC stabilizers. Allergen/antigen (Ag)-triggered activation via crosslinking of the high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI) is fundamentally regulated by SRC family kinases, for example, LYN and FYN, exhibiting positive and negative functions. We report that KIRA6, an inhibitor for the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor IRE1α, suppresses IgE-mediated MC activation by inhibiting both LYN and FYN.

Autonomous medical evaluation for guideline adherence of large language models.

Autonomous Medical Evaluation for Guideline Adherence (AMEGA) is a comprehensive benchmark designed to evaluate large language models' adherence to medical guidelines across 20 diagnostic scenarios spanning 13 specialties. It includes an evaluation framework and methodology to assess models' capabilities in medical reasoning, differential diagnosis, treatment planning, and guideline adherence, using open-ended questions that mirror real-world clinical interactions. It includes 135 questions and 1337 weighted scoring elements designed to assess comprehensive medical knowledge.

Monitoring individualized glucose levels predicts risk for bradycardia in type 2 diabetes patients with chronic kidney disease: a pilot study.

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit an elevated risk for cardiac arrhythmias, such as bradycardia, which may potentially lead to sudden cardiac death (SCD). While hypoglycemia, defined as a critical drop in glucose levels below the normal range, has long been associated with adverse cardiovascular events, recent studies have highlighted the need for a comprehensive reevaluation of its direct impact on cardiovascular outcomes, particularly in high-risk populations such as those with DM and CKD. In this study, we investigated the association between glucose levels and bradycardia by simultaneously monitoring interstitial glucose (IG) and ECG for 7 days in insulin-treated patients with DM and CKD.

Surgical pathology and sustainable development: international landscape and prospects.

The healthcare sector significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions, with surgical pathology (SP) playing a notable role. This review explores the ecological transformation of SP, offering a global overview of existing challenges and sustainable initiatives worldwide.While some countries, such as the UK and France, have developed national strategies to reduce the carbon footprint of healthcare, including SP, many regions remain at an early stage of implementing green practices.

Comparison of 2D and 3D lung lobe quantification with Ventilation/Perfusion Ratio.

In this study, standard 2D lung lobe quantification is compared with two 3D lung lobe quantification software tools to investigate the clinical benefit of a 3D approach. The accuracy of 2D versus 3D lung lobe quantification is evaluated based on the calculated numerical ventilation-perfusion ratio (VQR) using a receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis.A study group of 50 consecutive patients underwent a planar lung scintigraphy (anterior/posterior) as well as ventilation/perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) to exclude acute pulmonary embolism.

Multilocular subcutaneous bacillary angiomatosis as a primary manifestation of AIDS.

A 34-year-old male patient presented with a clinical picture of multilocular subcutaneous skin nodules in addition to marked lymphadenopathy and general physical deterioration. A comprehensive diagnostic workup including serology, skin biopsy and imaging studies led to the initial diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in AIDS stage with rare multilocular subcutaneous bacillary angiomatosis (BA) caused by Bartonella henselae. BA describes a process of neovascularisation of the skin or of internal organs (particularly the liver and spleen) and was first described in HIV-positive patients by Stoler et al.

Benefits of Clinical Decision Support Systems for the Management of Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases: Targeted Literature Review.

Background: Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) are designed to assist in health care delivery by supporting medical practice with clinical knowledge, patient information, and other relevant types of health information. CDSSs are integral parts of health care technologies assisting in disease management, including diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. While electronic medical records (EMRs) serve as data repositories, CDSSs are used to assist clinicians in providing personalized, context-specific recommendations derived by comparing individual patient data to evidence-based guidelines.

Line-dropped gelatin multi-element calibration standards in LA-ICP-MS: a statistically verifying comparison with cryosectioned homogenized lung and liver as matrix-matched calibration standards and as corresponding reference materials.

Calibrations in LA-ICP-MS are typically very time-consuming and complex, as they need to be matched to the samples being measured and sectioned on a microtome. Alternatively, gelatin can be in droplet form or as a section, which is a more recent development. In this study, we report on investigations where hot multi-element gelatin solutions are placed in a linear fashion on microscopic slides to conduct comparative statistical observations between doped tissue homogenates from the liver and lung.

Cytogenomic Characterization of Murine Neuroblastoma Cell Line Neuro-2a and Its Two Derivatives Neuro-2a TR-Alpha and Neuro-2a TR-Beta.

Background: The Neuro-2a cell line, derived from a murine neuroblastoma (NB), was established as early as 1969 and originates from a transplantable tumor that arose spontaneously in an A/Jax male mouse in 1940. Since then, it has been applied in over 10,000 studies and is used by the World Organization for Animal Health for the routine diagnosis of rabies. Surprisingly, however, Neuro-2a has never been genetically characterized in detail; this study fills that gap.

Unlocking Potential: A Comprehensive Overview of Cell Culture Banks and Their Impact on Biomedical Research.

Cell culture banks play a crucial role in advancing biomedical research by providing standardized, reproducible biological materials essential for various applications, from drug development to regenerative medicine. This opinion article presents a comprehensive overview of cell culture banks, exploring their establishment, maintenance, and characterization processes. The significance of ethical considerations and regulatory frameworks governing the use of cell lines is discussed, emphasizing the importance of quality control and validation in ensuring the integrity of research outcomes.