A Pooled Pharmacokinetic Analysis for Piperacillin/Tazobactam Across Different Patient Populations: From Premature Infants to the Elderly.

Background And Objectives: The pharmacokinetics (PK) of piperacillin/tazobactam (PIP/TAZ) is highly variable across different patient populations and there are controversies regarding non-linear elimination as well as the fraction unbound of PIP (f). This has led to a plethora of subgroup-specific models, increasing the risk of misusing published models when optimising dosing regimens. In this study, we aimed to develop a single model to simultaneously describe the PK of PIP/TAZ in diverse patient populations and evaluate the current dosing recommendations by predicting the PK/pharmacodynamics (PD) target attainment throughout life.

Effectiveness of hypertonic saline irrigation following functional endoscopic sinus surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: This study aimed to clarify the impact of hypertonic solutions on various outcomes, including persistence or reduction of nasal crusts, polypoid edema, and postoperative inflammatory symptoms.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for studies comparing hypertonic with isotonic saline irrigation after FESS in adult patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS). Outcomes were polypoid mucosa, nasal crusts, and variation from the baseline of Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT) 20/22 and Visual Analog Scale (VAS).

Mapping brain morphology to cognitive deficits: a study on PD-CRS scores in Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment.

Background: The Parkinson's Disease-Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CRS) is a widely used tool for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients, however, the neuroanatomical underpinnings of this test's outcomes require clarification. This study aims to: (a) investigate cortical volume (CVol) and cortical thickness (CTh) disparities between PD patients exhibiting mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and those with preserved cognitive abilities (PD-IC); and (b) identify the structural correlates in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of overall PD-CRS performance, including its subtest scores, within a non-demented PD cohort.

Materials And Methods: This study involved 51 PD patients with Hoehn & Yahr stages I-II, categorized into two groups: PD-IC ( = 36) and PD-MCI ( = 15).

Urothelial bladder cancer with cardiac metastasis: Literature review and case report.

Introduction And Importance: Urothelial bladder cancer can infrequently result in cardiac metastasis, and be usually diagnosed in severe clinical conditions. We report a urothelial bladder cancer with cardiac metastasis and perform a literature review of published cases of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder with cardiac metastasis from 1934 to 2023 published in Pubmed.

Case Presentation: 42-year-old woman with urinnary bladder TCC, underwent radical cystectomy, developing cardiac metastasis after 25 months, cardiac surgery for partial removal of the lesion and using pembrolizumab with the highest reported survival to date.

Compared efficacy of rituximab, abatacept, and tocilizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis refractory to methotrexate or TNF inhibitors agents: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Our aim was to compare the efficacy of rituximab, tocilizumab, and abatacept in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) refractory to treatments with MTX or TNFi agents.

Methods: We searched 6 databases until January 2023 for phase 2-4 RCTs evaluating patients with RA refractory to MTX or TNFi therapy treated with rituximab, abatacept, and tocilizumab (intervention arm) compared to controls. Study data were independently assessed by two investigators.

Neuroimaging assessment of pediatric cerebral changes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection and perinatal neurologic outcomes are still not fully understood. However, there is recent evidence of white matter disease and impaired neurodevelopment in newborns following maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. These appear to occur as a consequence of both direct viral effects and a systemic inflammatory response, with glial cell/myelin involvement and regional hypoxia/microvascular dysfunction.

High prevalence of mental disorder symptoms among medical and other health specialties residents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic put healthcare professionals, including residents (postgraduate trainees of health professions), under intense physical and psychological stress, hence at risk for mental disorders. We evaluated the prevalence of mental disorders among healthcare residents during the pandemic.

Methods: From July to September 2020, residents in medicine and other healthcare specialties in Brazil were recruited.

Parkinson's Disease-Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CRS): Normative Data and Mild Cognitive Impairment Assessment in Brazil.

Background: The Parkinson's Disease-Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CRS) assesses posterior-cortical and frontal-subcortical cognitive functioning and distinguishes mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD-MCI); however, it was not evaluated in Brazil.

Objectives: To investigate PD-CRS's reliability, validity, normative data, and accuracy for PD-MCI screening in Brazil.

Methods: The effects of age, education, and sex on PD-CRS scores were explored.

Thrombotic microangiopathy associated with arboviral infection: Report of 3 cases.

Dengue fever and chikungunya are viral diseases that have spread rapidly throughout the world in recent decades. The occurrence of complications is well known, including prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI), which is usually thought to be caused by dehydration and fluid loss. Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is an uncommon aggravation of dengue fever and chikungunya, with only a few cases described in the medical literature.

Natural products for the treatment of denture stomatitis: A systematic review.

Statement Of Problem: Evidence for the efficacy and safety of natural products for the treatment of denture stomatitis is lacking.

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to answer the question "Are topical natural substances effective and safe compared with conventional antifungals in the treatment of denture stomatitis?"

Material And Methods: A structured search in 11 databases, including non-peer-reviewed, was undertaken. Two authors independently selected the studies, extracted the data, assessed the study quality, and graded the evidence, with disagreement resolved with a third reviewer.

Worldwide prevalence of PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway mutations in head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

A systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis were conducted to determine the prevalence of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway mutations in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Overall, 105 studies comprising 8630 patients and 1306 mutations were selected. The estimated mutations prevalence was 13 % for PIK3CA (95 % confidence interval [CI] = 11-14; I = 82 %; p < 0.

Brazilian Consortium for the Study on Renal Diseases Associated With COVID-19: A Multicentric Effort to Understand SARS-CoV-2-Related Nephropathy.

Kidney involvement appears to be frequent in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite this, information concerning renal involvement in COVID-19 is still scarce. Several mechanisms appear to be involved in the complex relationship between the virus and the kidney.

Evidence of the benefits, advantages and potentialities of the structured radiological report: An integrative review.

The structured report is a new trend for the preparation and manipulation of radiological examination reports. The structuring of the radiological report data can bring many benefits and advantages over other existing methodologies. Research and studies about the structured radiological report are highly relevant in clinical and academic subjects, improving medical practice, reducing unobserved problems by radiologists, improving reporting practices and medical diagnoses.

Photodynamic therapy in superficial basal cell carcinoma treatment.

Basal cell cancer (BCC) is an epithelial neoplasm that arises from basal cells, which constitute the lower layer of the epidermis. Global statistics have shown the progressive increase in the incidence of skin cancer in several countries. The cumulative exposure to solar radiation (ultraviolet B) in the first two decades of life represents the critical risk for the disease.

Accuracy of qPCR for quantifying Leishmania kDNA in different skin layers of patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis.

Objectives: Superficial swab sampling of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) lesions shows higher amounts of Leishmania than those from biopsy. Subcutaneous involvement is also important in ATL, but parasite quantification according to lesion depth has not been evaluated. We aim to present the best depth at which sampling should be performed for molecular exams of ATL.

Mycetomas: an epidemiological, etiological, clinical, laboratory and therapeutic review.

Mycetoma is a chronic suppurative disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, characterized by a symptomatic triad: tumor, fistulas and grains. It can be caused by fungi (eumycetoma) and bacteria (actinomycetoma), with similar clinical features. Diagnosis is based on the clinical presentation and identification of the etiological agents in the tissue, by mycological/bacteriological, histopathological and immunohistochemical tests.

Results of glycated hemoglobin during treatment with insulin analogues dispensed in the public health system of Federal District in Brazil.

Background: Diabetes treatment requires specialized multi-professional teams, supplies for blood glucose monitoring and training for self-injections of human insulin or insulin analogues. The State Health Secretariat of the Federal District (SHS-FD) has dispensed insulin analogues by means of clinical validated protocols since 2004. However, data on outcomes of follow-up are still unknown.

Nasal involvement in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Numerous studies have reported an association between nasal obstruction and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), but the precise nature of this relationship remains to be clarified. This paper aimed to summarize data and theories on the role of the nose in the pathophysiology of sleep apnea as well as to discuss the benefits of surgical and medical nasal treatments. A number of pathophysiological mechanisms can potentially explain the role of nasal pathology in OSAS.

Hearing preservation in cochlear implant surgery.

In the past, it was thought that hearing loss patients with residual low-frequency hearing would not be good candidates for cochlear implantation since insertion was expected to induce inner ear trauma. Recent advances in electrode design and surgical techniques have made the preservation of residual low-frequency hearing achievable and desirable. The importance of preserving residual low-frequency hearing cannot be underestimated in light of the added benefit of hearing in noisy atmospheres and in music quality.

Trp28Arg/Ile35Thr LHB gene variants are associated with elevated testosterone levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder, of multifactorial etiology, which affects 6-10% of women of reproductive age. It is considered the leading cause of anovulatory infertility, menstrual disorders and hyperandrogenism in this population. The genetic basis of PCOS is still largely unknown despite significant family clustering; determining its mode of inheritance is particularly difficult given the heterogenic presentation of the disease.

Amelanotic metastatic cutaneous melanoma.

Dermatoscopy of melanocytic lesions has guided the decision of when or not to biopsy a lesion. The use of this tool has increased clinical examination's sensitivity and specificity in 89% and 96% respectively. However, dermatoscopic evaluation of amelanotic or hypomelanotic melanomas, as well as metastases, can be difficult.