Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder With Unilateral Retrobulbar Neuritis: A Case Report.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) includes conditions with autoimmune genesis, which are manifested by attacks of optic neuritis (ON) and transverse myelitis (TM), and also express aquaporin 4 (NMO-IgG) or myelin oligo-endocytic glycoprotein (MOGAb) antibodies. In rare cases, the disease may also have a clinical presentation with only TM, without ON or with ON, without TM. These conditions are also included in the spectrum.

Periodontitis in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with coronary artery disease (CAD) being the primary contributor. Periodontitis, a common non-communicable disease, has been associated with an increased risk of CVD. Previous studies have suggested a link between the severity of periodontitis and the degree of coronary artery obstruction.

A Rare Case of Cementoblastoma of the Second Right Maxillary Premolar in a 30-Year-Old Man.

Cementoblastoma is a benign odontogenic mesenchymal tumor characterized by cementum production. Cementoblastoma is considered a relatively rare neoplasm with a predilection to the posterior region of the mandible. The main clinical differential diagnoses include hypercementosis, cemento-osseous dysplasia, condensing osteitis, idiopathic osteosclerosis, osteoblastoma, odontoma, and osteosarcoma.

The Role of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Mean Platelet Volume in Diagnosing Odontogenic and Non-odontogenic Head and Neck Abscesses.

Introduction Head and neck abscesses are categorized as either odontogenic, originating from dental infections, or non-odontogenic, arising from soft tissue inflammation. This article aimed to investigate inflammatory markers, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and mean platelet volume (MPV), and compare them against established diagnostic parameters such as white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil count (Neu), lymphocyte count (Ly), platelet count (PLT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT). Material and methods Our retrospective analysis of a prospective study involved 80 patients, including 50 individuals (56% men) with an average age of 41.

Ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound for symptomatic uterine fibroids: clinical outcome of two European centers.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the clinical outcome and mid-term efficacy of ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (USgHIFU) as a treatment for symptomatic uterine fibroids at two major European HIFU centers.

Materials And Methods: This bi-center longitudinal clinical study involved the treatment of 100 patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids using USgHIFU (n = 59 in Germany, n = 41 in Bulgaria). Clinical outcomes were evaluated at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year follow-up utilizing the uterine fibroid symptoms-quality of life questionnaire for fibroid-related symptoms and health-related quality of life as well as MRI imaging for determining the fibroid volume.

Nonstandardized High-Intensity Dialysis Dose Improves Survival in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease.

Introduction One of the most important critical determinants of quality of life and adequacy of hemodialysis (HD) performed in patients is the recorded survival and mortality rates. Nowadays, as an adequately performed HD dialysis, we accept the one with reaching values for the index single pool Kt/V (spKt/V) higher than 1.2.

Real-Time Dialysis Dose: Ionic Dialysis Versus Classical Urea Kinetic Modeling Indices.

Introduction Worldwide, over 850 million people need renal replacement therapy, and over 80% of them are on hemodialysis. The term "dialysis adequacy" is most often associated with the achievement of minimally acceptable indices - single pool Kt/V (spKt/V) and urea reduction ratio (URR%) and largely does not take into account other clinical indicators in patients. In addition, it should be taken into account that in the conditions of clinical practice, their measurement is carried out according to standards controlled by the regulatory structures and is carried out with a frequency between one and three months, and not during each dialysis procedure.

Unique Case of Cervical Split Cord Malformation Type II and Klippel-Feil Syndrome in a Male Patient Symptomatically Treated With Ultrasound-Guided Botulinum Toxin Injection.

The neural tube abnormality known as split cord malformation (SCM) is characterized by longitudinally separated functional hemicords. SCM is the result of a single basic ontogenetic error and may be associated with other anomalies. One such anomaly is Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS), which is characterized by abnormal fusion of two or more cervical vertebrae.

Impact of Bacterial Etiology on Procalcitonin, C-reactive Protein and Hematological Parameters: Evaluating Mean Platelet Volume for Differentiating Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria in Odontogenic Versus Non-odontogenic Head and Neck Abscesses.

Introduction Head and neck abscesses, which can originate from odontogenic or non-odontogenic sources, pose significant diagnostic challenges due to their diverse bacterial etiologies. This study aims to investigate the impact of bacterial etiology on procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and various hematological parameters, and to assess the diagnostic performance of mean platelet volume (MPV) in differentiating between Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) and Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) in adults with odontogenic and non-odontogenic head and neck abscesses. Materials and methods Our retrospective analysis of a prospective study comprised 80 patients: 50 individuals (56% men, average age 41.

A Rare Case of a Plunging Ranula in a 42-Year-Old Male Patient: A Case Report.

Plunging ranulas are rare retention pseudocysts of the major salivary glands, most often of the sublingual gland, and usually occur in individuals from the first to the sixth decade of life with female predominance. Given their similar location and physical and imaging characteristics to thyroglossal cysts, distinguishing the two lesions is often a differential diagnostic dilemma even for the experienced physician. This case report presents a 42-year-old man for whom a preliminary diagnosis of a thyroglossal duct cyst was made based on a physical examination.

Online Hemodiafiltration: A New Perspective for Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease.

Introduction Online hemodiafiltration (OL-HDF) is the most effective renal replacement therapy (RRT), which allows the enhanced removal of small and large uremic toxins by combining diffusion and convective transport of solutes. Although the goal of OL-HDF is to provide greater clearance of solutes with a preference for intermediate molecules responsible for many of the complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD), the studies reported to date and their meta-analyses are conflicting in nature and do not show a significant advantage of convective therapies on patient prognosis. Materials and methods At the Clinic of Nephrology and Dialysis, University Hospital "St.

MicroRNA dysregulation in myelodysplastic syndromes: implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of malignant clonal hematological disorders with heterogeneous clinical course and risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. Genetic and epigenetic dysregulation, including alterations in microRNA (miRNA) expression, plays a pivotal role in MDS pathogenesis influencing disease development and progression. MiRNAs, known for their regulatory roles in gene expression, have emerged as promising biomarkers in various malignant diseases.

Different Approaches to the Treatment of Anterior Tooth Fractures: Three Clinical Cases and Behavior Report.

Fractures of the anterior teeth are a common form of dental trauma. This article includes three case reports of uncomplicated fractures of upper anterior teeth in which collaborators had different treatment protocols. The choice of the treatment method is based on the direction of the specific clinical case and the clinical findings.

A Case Report of Mandibular Gingival Metastasis From Sigmoid Colon Adenocarcinoma With Phenotypical Transformation Into Neuroendocrine Carcinoma.

This case report presents a 59-year-old female patient with mandibular gingival metastasis from adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid part of the colon, who underwent radical colectomy with simultaneous hysterectomy involving and left oophorectomy (due to tumor involvement) eight years ago. Because of metastatic spread to the liver, a partial left lateral lobectomy was performed, and because of a metastatic lesion in the left adrenal gland, the latter was excised and a partial resection of the left kidney was performed. The patient was given a number of courses of chemotherapy, target therapy, and immunotherapy.

Etiology and Demographic Distribution of Odontogenic Abscesses in the Maxillofacial Area in Patients Over 18 Years of Age: A Five-Year Retrospective Study.

Introduction Despite the constant development of medicine and the increasing accessibility to medical specialists, in the first quarter of the 21 century, odontogenic abscesses remain one of the leading causes of emergency hospitalization in maxillofacial surgery clinics. Because of the serious and lethal complications that this type of suppurative infection can lead to if not treated promptly, there is a need for constant updating of the knowledge of its origin, which is precisely what is addressed in this original article. Materials and methods It reports on a retrospective study conducted over a five-year period (2018-2023), during which 705 patients aged 18 years and older with a confirmed diagnosis of odontogenic soft tissue abscess of the head and neck underwent emergency surgery.

Bilateral rapidly destructive coxopathy in rheumatoid arthritis.

Rapidly destructive coxopathy (RDC) is a rare type of coxarthritis marked by swift deterioration of the hip joint. Although its cause remains unclear, several pathophysiological mechanisms are proposed. To comprehensively analyze this poorly understood condition, a literature search was conducted focusing on associations of bilateral RDC and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

A Rare Case of Schwannoma of the Right Greater Palatine Nerve in a 17-Year-Old Female Patient.

Schwannomas are not uncommon in the maxillofacial region; however, those with intraoral localization and, in particular, the hard palate are among the least frequently described. In the current case report, we present a 17-year-old girl with a histologically verified schwannoma of the hard palate on the right, originating from the right greater palatine nerve. In her case, despite the lysis of the palatine bone from the tumor compression, the disease is asymptomatic, causing only a weak sensation of local discomfort.

Cushing's Syndrome and a Dead Fetus in Pregnancy: A Clinical Case and Behavior Report.

Cushing's syndrome is a rare disease that has a different primary etiology, most often due to chronic hypercortisolism. In addition to the defined causes, in contrast to the general population, the observed etiology in pregnant women is a benign adrenocortical adenoma, less often bilateral hyperplasia of the adrenal glands of hypothalamic-pituitary origin or Cushing's disease, and malignant adrenal root adenoma. In this study, we present the case of a 41-year-old pregnant woman experiencing her first pregnancy.

Generalized Venous Prominence on Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging Correlates With Global Cerebral Blood Flow Decline.

Objective This study investigated the global correlation between cerebral blood flow (CBF) decline and increased venous prominence, utilizing arterial spin labeling (ASL) and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) MRI techniques. Methods The study was conducted at the Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Marina University Hospital, Varna, Bulgaria.

Prosopagnosia Due to Metastatic Brain Tumor: A Case-Based Review.

Prosopagnosia, also referred to as "face blindness," is a type of visual agnosia characterized by a decreased capacity to recognize familiar faces with a preserved ability to identify individuals based on non-facial visual traits or voice. Prosopagnosia can be categorized as developmental (DP) or acquired (AP) owing to a variety of underlying conditions, including trauma, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, neuroinfections, and, less frequently, malignancies. Facial recognition is a complex process in which different neuronal networks are involved.

Dabigatran Etexilate Related Unilateral Adrenal Hemorrhage.

A 63-year-old male presented to our clinic with computed tomography data of a large tumor of the left adrenal gland. The formation is highly suspicious for malignancy with central necrosis and hemorrhage, and a total size of 197/183/201 mm. Due to elevated D-dimer values of 7.