Specific Composition Diets and Improvement of Symptoms of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases in Adulthood-Could the Comparison Between Diets Be Improved?

Diet is considered a possible cofactor, which affects the immune system and potentially causes dysregulation of intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. This study aimed to review the quality of evidence on the effects of specific diet composition on symptoms of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis, multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [remission maintenance of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis], psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in adult patients. We conducted a review of meta-analyses and Cochrane systematic reviews using PubMed and EMBASE, from inception to September 2024, and Google Scholar.

Systematic evaluation of subgroup analyses of inhaled treprostinil in pulmonary hypertension due to interstitial lung disease.

Background: The INCREASE trial introduced a novel therapeutic option for Pulmonary Hypertension caused by Interstitial Lung Disease. Subsequently to this trial, several subgroup analyses were conducted, aiming to explore specific effects within subgroups.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the subgroup analyses performed in the INCREASE trial and to identify potentially reliable subgroup effects.

Long-term efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab in participants with highly active MS: TOPAZ clinical trial and interim analysis of TREAT-MS real-world study.

Background: Alemtuzumab is a disease-modifying therapy for highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Sustained efficacy up to 9 years was observed in the phase IIIb/IV open-label TOPAZ clinical trial and assessed in the real-world retrospective and prospective study, TREAT-MS.

Objectives: To examine long-term efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab in participants with multiple sclerosis (MS) and highly active disease (HAD) by combining up to 13 years of TOPAZ data and TREAT-MS interim data.

Beta-Blockers and Long-Term Mortality in Takotsubo Syndrome: Results of the Multicenter GEIST Registry.

Background: Beta-blockers are considered a reasonable therapy for patients with Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), commonly used despite the absence of consistent evidence about its prognosis impact.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of beta-blocker therapy on long-term mortality and TTS recurrence.

Methods: The authors analyzed 2,853 patients discharged with a confirmed TTS diagnosis, enrolled in the international multicenter GEIST (The GErman Italian Spanish Takotsubo Registry).

Changes in Care in Spanish Pediatric Emergency Departments After the First Immunization With Nirsevimab.

Objectives: The aim of the study is to assess the changes in the pediatric care of patients seen in the Pediatric Emergency Departments (PED) during the bronchiolitis season following the introduction of immunization with a monoclonal antibody against RSV (nirsevimab).

Methods: An observational, retrospective, multicenter study was conducted, analyzing the Bronchiolitis Registry of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Emergency Medicine. This registry, containing data on bronchiolitis cases, was initiated in December 2022.

Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma With Exclusively Cutaneous Involvement, Colonizing Pre-Existing Hemangiomas: A Rare Case With Aberrant HMB45 Expression.

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic lymphoid cells within blood vessels. We report a rare case of IVLBCL with exclusively cutaneous involvement colonization of hemangiomas.

Effect of Dupilumab in CRSwNP Sinonasal Outcomes from Real Life Studies: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.

Purpose Of Review: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a debilitating inflammatory condition that significantly impacts quality of life. Despite treatment advances, recurrence is common, prompting the exploration of novel therapies such as monoclonal antibodies targeting the type 2 immune response, notably dupilumab. This research aims to evaluate the real-world evidence (RWE) of dupilumab in treating severe CRSwNP, comparing sinonasal outcomes to those observed in randomized clinical trials.

Diagnosis and treatment of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. European interdisciplinary guideline - update 2024.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a cutaneous fibroblastic tumour that is locally aggressive, with a tendency for local recurrence, but rarely metastasizes. A collaboration of multi-disciplinary experts from the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) and the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) was formed to update recommendations on DFSP diagnosis and treatment, based on current literature reviews and the experts' consensus. Diagnosis is suspected clinically and confirmed by pathology report, which should specify whether a transformation in higher-grade fibrosarcoma occurred.

Analgosedation and delirium practices in critically ill patients in the Pan-American and Iberian setting, and factors associated with oversedation after the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the PANDEMIC study.

Oversedation has adverse effects on critically ill patients. The Analgosedation and Delirium Committee of the FEPIMCTI (Pan-American and Iberian Federation of Critical Care Medicine and Intensive Care) conducted a cross-sectional study through a survey addressed to ICU physicians: PANDEMIC (Pan-American and Iberian Study on the Management of Analgosedation and Delirium in Critical Care [fepImCti]). HYPOTHESIS: Worsening of these practices in the course of the pandemic and that continued afterwards, with further oversedation.

Integrating different perspectives to define a concept of comprehensive remission in rheumatoid arthritis: The SUMAR project.

Introduction And Objectives: The SUMAR project aimed to establish a consensus on the concept of remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that takes into account the different perspectives of patients, health care professionals and health care managers.

Materials And Methods: The scientific committee comprised a rheumatologist who acted as a national coordinator, 4 rheumatologists, 1 primary care physician, 1 nurse, 2 hospital pharmacists, 2 health care managers and 1 member of a patient advocacy group. The study was undertaken from 2020 to 2021 in three phases: (1) analysis of several perspectives on remission in RA with the participation of 275 patients, 160 rheumatologists and 31 health care managers; (2) an integrative definition of remission, which included two multidisciplinary workshops with 11 and 12 participants; and (3) extension and dissemination with up to 200 participants in 7 regional multidisciplinary meetings.

Adjuvant Pembrolizumab in Stage II Melanoma: Outcomes by Primary Tumor Location in the Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III KEYNOTE-716 Trial.

Background: Previous results from the KEYNOTE-716 trial demonstrated significantly improved recurrence-free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) with adjuvant pembrolizumab versus placebo in patients with resected stage IIB or IIC melanoma. We present a post hoc analysis of efficacy according to primary tumor location.

Methods: KEYNOTE-716 (NCT03553836) is a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, phase III study.

Corneal stromal cells from patients with keratoconus exhibit alterations in the ESCRT-dependent machinery responsible for multivesicular body formation.

Previous studies have reported that exosomes produced by corneal stromal cells from keratoconus patients exhibit a molecular content distinct from those produced by cells from healthy donors. This study investigates differences in the expression of ESCRT components, regarded as the most critical mechanism in exosome biogenesis. The study included analysis of transcription levels of system-encoding genes using qRT-PCR reactions, as well as semiquantitative protein determination through immunocytochemistry.

Cost-effectiveness of robotic compared with laparoscopic rectal resection. Results from the Spanish prospective national trial ROBOCOSTES.

Objective: The costs related to robotic surgery are known to be greater than those associated with laparoscopy. However, the potential for better outcomes of the former could lead to a cost-effectiveness advantage. The aim of this study is therefore to highlight the difference in cost-effectiveness between robotic and laparoscopic rectal resection.

Pathogenicity assessment of genetic variants identified in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia: novel cases of Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome from the Dyslipidemia Registry of the Spanish Atherosclerosis Society.

Purpose: Genetic testing is required to confirm a diagnosis of familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS). We assessed the pathogenicity of variants identified in the FCS canonical genes to diagnose FCS cases.

Methods: 245 patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia underwent next-generation sequencing.

Implementation of intraoperative procedures to prevent anastomotic leak in low anterior rectal resections: a pilot study for a novel technique to evaluate anastomotic vascularization.

Introduction: Altered vascular microcirculation is recognized as a risk factor for anastomotic leakage (AL) in colorectal surgery. However, few studies evaluated its impact on AL using different devices, with heterogeneous results. The present study reported the initial experience measuring gut microcirculatory density and flow with the aid of incidence dark-field (IDF) videomicroscopy (Cytocam, Braedius, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) comparing its operative outcome using a propensity score matching (PSM) model based on age, gender, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI).

How to: share and reuse data-challenges and solutions from predicting the impact of monoclonal antibodies & vaccines on antimicrobial resistance project.

Background: Data sharing accelerates scientific progress and improves evidence quality. Even though journals and funding institutions require investigators to share data, only a small part of studies made their data publicly available upon publication. The procedures necessary to share retrospective data for reuse in secondary data analysis projects can be cumbersome.

Delphi Consensus on the Management of Spanish Patients with Post-Stroke Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain Treated with Botulinum Toxin A: Result Study.

The study aimed to identify expert opinions and obtain recommendations on the management of post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) and treatment with botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A). A multicenter Delphi study was conducted using an online survey designed by a committee of experts with at least 10 years of experience in post-stroke HSP management with BoNT-A in Spain. Forty-seven panelists (specialists with at least 5 years of experience in post-stroke HSP management with BoNT-A) rated their level of agreement in two rounds based on acceptance by ≥66.

Clinical profile of an unselected population with heart failure treated with vericiguat in real life: differences with the VICTORIA trial.

Introduction: Vericiguat, an oral stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase, reduces cardiovascular mortality and hospitalisations in patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced ejection fraction, as demonstrated in the VICTORIA trial. This study assessed the real-world use of vericiguat.

Material And Methods: This cross-sectional, prospective and multicenter registry (VERISEC) included 776 patients from 43 centres in Spain between December 2022 and October 2023.

Effectiveness and tolerability of intravenous fosfomycin in treating complicated urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli: a prospective cohort study from the FOSFOMIC project.

Objectives: The FOSFOMIC study assessed the clinical and microbiological effectiveness, and safety of intravenous fosfomycin in treating complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) caused by Escherichia coli, in comparison with other intravenous antimicrobials.

Methods: A prospective, multinational matched cohorts study involving adults with community-acquired cUTIs and receiving targeted therapy with intravenous fosfomycin or other first-line drugs (beta-lactams or fluoroquinolones) was conducted from November 2019 to May 2023 in ten centres from Spain, Italy, and Türkiye. Matching criteria included type of infection acquisition, Charlson and Pitt scores.

Incorporating ethics into infectious disease clinical practice guidelines.

Background: Incorporating ethics into clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) can be challenging. This is particularly evident for infectious diseases (ID) CPGs because of the complexity of ID ethics (IDE) and the multiplicity of populations at risk for infections.

Objectives: The OPENING project (IncOrPorating Ethics iN ClINical Guidelines: Practical Indications) was initiated by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Ethics Advisory Committee in collaboration with the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Guidelines Subcommittee to generate guidelines for the systematic inclusion of ethics principles into ID CPGs.

Fluorescence-guided identification and dissection of retroperitoneal lymphomas (with video).

Surgery, especially if minimally invasive, still plays a role in the diagnosis of suspect lymphoproliferative lesions in challenging locations such as the retroperitoneum. Fluorescence guidance may help in such cases facilitating the visualization of highly vascularized lesions. Our recent experience with a 71-year-old woman with retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy and suspected lymphoma supports this hypothesis.

Simplified acid extraction and quantification of histones in human tumor cells.

Histones are essential nuclear proteins that package eukaryotic DNA into chromosomes, play a vital role in gene regulation, DNA replication, DNA repair and chromosome condensation. Understanding histone modifications is crucial for grasping biological and disease-related processes. Specific alterations in histone modifications serve as sensitive and selective biomarkers for conditions like cancer, impacting both tumor and immune cells and affecting their interactions.

Empirical antibiotic therapy improves outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19: An emulated targeted trial within a prospective, multicentre cohort study.

Background: Bacterial pulmonary superinfections develop in a substantial proportion of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients and are associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation requirements and increased mortality. Albeit recommended, evidence supporting the use of empirical antibiotics at intubation is weak and of low quality. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of empirical antibiotics, administered within 24 h of endotracheal intubation, on superinfections, duration of mechanical ventilation, and mortality in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19.

Influence of a cardiac rehabilitation programme on the return to work of workers with ischaemic heart disease: Influence of a cardiac rehabilitation programme.

This study aimed to examine the employment status of patients who have experienced ischemic heart disease one year after undergoing cardiac rehabilitation. For this, a quasi-experimental pre-post study without a control group of active workers aged 18 to 65 years diagnosed with ischemic heart disease and included in a cardiac rehabilitation programme was conducted. Sociodemographic and occupational data, cardiovascular risk factors and clinical-therapeutic data on heart disease were collected.