Drug-Drug Interactions Between HIV Antivirals and Concomitant Drugs in HIV Patients: What We Know and What We Need to Know.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy has led to a significant increase in the life expectancy of people living with HIV. The trade-off is that HIV-infected patients often suffer from comorbidities that require additional treatment, increasing the risk of Drug-Drug Interactions (DDIs), the clinical relevance of which has often not been determined during registration trials of the drugs involved. Therefore, it is important to identify potential clinically relevant DDIs in order to establish the most appropriate therapeutic approaches.

Mechanical thrombectomy in elderly stroke patients with low ASPECTS: insights from STAR.

Background: The elderly population (≥80 years) were underrepresented in recent trials of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke (LVO-AIS) with low Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) (≤5).

Methods: This study analyzed data from a prospectively maintained database of 37 thrombectomy centers. The primary cohort of the study comprised patients with LVO-AIS aged ≥80 who underwent EVT with ASPECTS≤5 from 2013 to 2023.

The risk of failure of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy: from PRAETORIAN score to clinical practice.

Background: The subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) is an alternative to traditional ICDs. The PRAETORIAN score, based on chest radiographs, has been validated to predict the probability of successful S-ICD defibrillation testing by assessing factors like fat thickness between the coil and sternum and generator placement.

Objective: This study evaluated the correlation between the PRAETORIAN score and clinical characteristics, as well as implantation variables.

Functional neurological disorder in multiple sclerosis: A prospective study.

Background: There is increasing recognition Functional Neurological disorder (FND) is comorbid with other neurological conditions, but little is known about patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). We therefore systematically evaluated the presence of FND in consecutive patients with MS and its clinical correlates.

Methods: Three-hundred and ten consecutive MS patients, seen at our center on either elective or emergent basis, underwent a structured protocol to gather demographics and data about clinical features, previous and current treatments and presence of mood disorders and were additionally assessed by an expert in FND.

Left ventricular elastance with resting volumetric transthoracic echocardiography identifies different phenotypes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A retrospective analysis of a multicenter prospective observational study.

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous entity including patients with different phenotypes of near normal, normal, and supernormal left ventricular (LV) function.

Objectives: To assess the value of resting LV elastance (also known as force) with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) to identify HFpEF phenotypes.

Methods: In a prospective, observational, multicenter study, 2380 HFpEF patients were recruited from July 2016 to May 2024.

Combining an Anterolateral Complex Procedure With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Reduces Graft Reinjury Without Increasing the Rate of Complications: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Anterolateral ligament reconstruction (ALLR) or lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) has been used more frequently in conjunction with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in recent years. However, there are still concerns that these procedures may lead to complications such as overconstraint of the lateral compartment, stiffness, infections, tunnel convergence, and other intra- and postoperative complications because of increased surgical time and the need for additional procedures.

Hypothesis/purpose: The lateral extra-articular procedure will reduce the failure rate of reconstructed ACLs without increasing the number of complications.

A smart tool for non expert clinicians for the dissemination of the MDS criteria for progressive supranuclear palsy.

Due to the variety of clinical phenotypes and the massive clinical overlap with other neurodegenerative diseases, the diagnosis of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) remains a major challenge. Notwithstanding, early and reliable clinical diagnosis of PSP is highly warranted for estimation of prognosis, appropriate allocation to therapeutic trials and development of new diagnostic tools. As reliable biomarkers are lacking, PSP diagnosis relies on the application of the clinical criteria promoted by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS).

Outcomes and prognostic indicators in daratumumab-refractory multiple myeloma: a multicenter real-world study of elotuzumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone in 247 patients.

Background: Daratumumab-refractory multiple myeloma (Dara-R MM) presents a significant treatment challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and survival outcomes of elotuzumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone (EloPd) in a large, real-world cohort of patients with Dara-R MM, with particular focus on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective analysis included 247 Dara-R MM patients treated with EloPd.

Electrophysiological Studies in Combination With Interim-Positron Emission Tomography Scan for Prevention of Severe Brentuximab-Vedotin-Induced Neurotoxicity.

Brentuximab-vedotin (BV)-induced neurotoxicity (BVIN), a frequent adverse event caused by this monoclonal antibody, is the primary reason for dose modification or drug discontinuation, and is characterized by sensory, motor, and/or autonomic peripheral nerve dysfunctions. Although reversible, BVIN can persist for months or years after treatment and negatively affect quality of life (QoL). Currently, BVIN is managed by dose adjustment or drug interruption, leading to an increased risk of disease relapse.

Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Antibiotic Consumption and Stewardship Program in a Southern Italian Hospital.

Background/objectives: Antibiotic resistance is a growing global threat that significantly impacts public health and healthcare costs. The Italian National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (PNCAR) was introduced in 2017 to address this issue by improving antibiotic stewardship. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the PNCAR in enhancing antibiotic management practices in a hospital in southern Italy before and after its implementation.

Visual deprivation and axial myopia: Considerations on long-term ocular development.

Introduction: Severe visual deprivation during infancy can lead to long-term changes in ocular development, including significant differences in axial length (AL) between eyes. This case report presents three adult patients with monocular infantile visual deprivation who developed substantial AL interocular differences. The aim is to explore the impact of early visual deprivation on AL and its potential implications for myopia progression.

Retrospective Study on Short-Term Reverse Cardiac Remodeling in Obese Patients Undergoing Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Severe obesity is closely associated with an increased risk of comorbidities and alterations in cardiac structure and function. The primary objective of this study was to investigate cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and ventricular remodeling in individuals from an obese population eligible for bariatric surgery. The secondary objective was to evaluate changes in anthropometric, clinical laboratory, and echocardiographic measurements 12 weeks after surgery compared to baseline values.

High-resolution DNA methylation changes reveal biomarkers of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction versus reduced ejection fraction.

Novel biomarkers are needed to better identify-and distinguish-heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) from other clinical phenotypes. The goal of our study was to identify epigenetic-sensitive biomarkers useful to a more accurate diagnosis of HFpEF. We performed a network-oriented genome-wide DNA methylation study of circulating CD4 T lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) in two cohorts (i.

Quantitative Neuroanatomical Measurement on Photogrammetric Model: Validation Study.

Objective: To examine and compare the accuracy of measurements obtained from photogrammetric models versus direct measurements taken on dry skulls, with the aim to verify the feasibility of photogrammetry for quantitative analysis in microsurgical neuroanatomy.

Methods: Two dry human skulls were used. Each was scanned using the dual camera system of a smartphone The selected photos were separately processed using 2 different softwares to create three-dimensional models.

Combined Therapeutic Strategies Based on the Inhibition of Non-Oncogene Addiction to Improve Tumor Response in EGFR- and KRAS-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Oncogene-driven NSCLC is usually treated with targeted therapies using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to inhibit oncogene downstream signaling pathways, affecting tumor survival and proliferation. EGFR- and KRAS-mutant NSCLCs are the most represented subtypes, and they are treated in clinical practice with oncogene-targeting drugs in the first and second line, respectively. Unfortunately, the development of oncogene-independent resistant clones limits TKI efficacy.

Qualitative research on clinical risk perception in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Background: the Pediatric Intensive Care field is characterized by the criticality of newborns and children who access it, as well as by a high complexity of care. This entails the need of an optimal integration between the various professional figures working in Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) and their ability to work in team.

Purpose: to describe how nurses perceive clinical risk and relate to it; to identify adverse events and related risk factors.

Mechanical heart valves between myths and new evidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: The use of mechanical valve prostheses in cardiac surgery remains a necessary and indicated intervention in a large number of patients. However, predicted results associated with their use, on which current guideline recommendations have been developed, are based on dated studies at risk of bias (e.g.

Contribution of rare chromosome 22q11.2 copy number variants to non-syndromic bicuspid aortic valve.

Background: Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart defect in adults, often leading to complications such as thoracic aortic aneurysms and aortic stenosis. While BAV is frequently associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.

Impact of diabetes on epicardial reperfusion and mortality in a contemporary STEMI population undergoing mechanical reperfusion: Insights from the ISACS STEMI COVID 19 registry.

Background And Aim: Diabetes has been shown in last decades to be associated with a significantly higher mortality among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary PCI (PPCI). Therefore, the aim of current study was to evaluate the impact of diabetes on times delays, reperfusion and mortality in a contemporary STEMI population undergoing PPCI, including treatment during the COVID pandemic.

Methods And Results: The ISACS-STEMI COVID-19 is a large-scale retrospective multicenter registry involving PPCI centers from Europe, Latin America, South-East Asia and North-Africa, including patients treated from 1st of March until June 30, 2019 and 2020.

From Vesalius to Modern Neuroanatomical Training: The "Surgical Grammar" for the Next Generation of Neurosurgeons in Italy.

Anatomical knowledge plays a crucial role in the field of neurosurgery, originating from the rigorous requirements of surgical training. The study examines the training programs for young and future generations of neurosurgeons, highlighting the significance of rigorous dissection program in the laboratory of anatomy along with the challenges they face. It also details the training paths of aspiring surgeons, focusing on the high demands and challenges encountered in the anatomy laboratory and in a real surgical scenario.