Early postnatal high-dose fat-soluble enteral vitamin A supplementation for moderate or severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia or death in extremely low birthweight infants (NeoVitaA): a multicentre, randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled, investigator-initiated phase 3 trial.

Background: Vitamin A plays a key role in lung development, but there is no consensus regarding the optimal vitamin A dose and administration route in extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants. We aimed to assess whether early postnatal additional high-dose fat-soluble enteral vitamin A supplementation versus placebo would lower the rate of moderate or severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia or death in ELBW infants receiving recommended basic enteral vitamin A supplementation.

Methods: This prospective, multicentre, randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled, investigator-initiated phase 3 trial conducted at 29 neonatal intensive care units in Austria and Germany assessed early high-dose enteral vitamin A supplementation (5000 international units [IU]/kg per day) or placebo (peanut oil) for 28 days in ELBW infants.

Recombinant Production of Rhamnolipids in KT2440 on Cultures Grown Chemo-Autotrophically with Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen.

The establishment of sustainable processes for the production of commodity chemicals is one of today's central challenges for biotechnological industries. The chemo-autotrophic fixation of CO and the subsequent production of acetate by acetogenic bacteria via anaerobic gas fermentation represents a promising platform for the ecologically sustainable production of high-value biocommodities via sequential fermentation processes. In this study, the applicability of acetate-containing cell-free spent medium of the gas-fermenting acetogenic bacterium WP1 as the feeder strain for growth and the recombinant production of PAO1 mono-rhamnolipids in the well-established nonpathogenic producer strain KT2440 were investigated.

Exploring ND-011992, a quinazoline-type inhibitor targeting quinone reductases and quinol oxidases.

Bacterial energy metabolism has become a promising target for next-generation tuberculosis chemotherapy. One strategy to hamper ATP production is to inhibit the respiratory oxidases. The respiratory chain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis comprises a cytochrome bcc:aa and a cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase that require a combined approach to block their activity.

Discovering cellular programs of intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of metabolic traits using LipocyteProfiler.

A primary obstacle in translating genetic associations with disease into therapeutic strategies is elucidating the cellular programs affected by genetic risk variants and effector genes. Here, we introduce LipocyteProfiler, a cardiometabolic-disease-oriented high-content image-based profiling tool that enables evaluation of thousands of morphological and cellular profiles that can be systematically linked to genes and genetic variants relevant to cardiometabolic disease. We show that LipocyteProfiler allows surveillance of diverse cellular programs by generating rich context- and process-specific cellular profiles across hepatocyte and adipocyte cell-state transitions.

Chemical Genetics Screen of EVP4593 Sensitivity in Budding Yeast Identifies Effects on Mitochondrial Structure and Function.

Mitochondria are essential eukaryotic organelles. Mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to mitochondrial myopathies and may contribute to neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes. EVP4593, a 6-aminoquinazoline derivative with therapeutic potential, has been shown to inhibit NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Complex I) of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, causing the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a reduction in ATP synthesis.

Occurrence of Mycoplasma parvum in German Pigs of Different Age Groups Using a Novel Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay.

is a hemotrophic bacterium circulating in the blood of pigs but is not considered a primary pathogen. Only a handful of studies dealing with this agent have been published since its first description in 1951, and many issues, including epidemiology and the impact of subclinical infections, are yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to establish a specific real-time PCR for its detection and quantification in porcine blood and the application of this assay to obtain insights into the occurrence of in German pigs.

NDUFS3 knockout cancer cells and molecular docking reveal specificity and mode of action of anti-cancer respiratory complex I inhibitors.

Inhibition of respiratory complex I (CI) is becoming a promising anti-cancer strategy, encouraging the design and the use of inhibitors, whose mechanism of action, efficacy and specificity remain elusive. As CI is a central player of cellular bioenergetics, a finely tuned dosing of targeting drugs is required to avoid side effects. We compared the specificity and mode of action of CI inhibitors metformin, BAY 87-2243 and EVP 4593 using cancer cell models devoid of CI.

Effects of sewage sludge hydrochar on emissions of the climate-relevant trace gases NO and CO from loamy sand soil.

This work explores the effects of amending a loamy sand soil with hydrochars having different physicochemcial characteristics. The effects of different hydrochars on emissions of the greenhouse gases nitrous oxide (NO) and carbon dioxide (CO) were investigated together with the relationship between the hydrochar's mineral nitrogen content and the soil microbial biomass. Soil samples were amended with eleven different hydrochars and feedstocks having different carbon and nitrogen contents at application rates of 5 t ha and 25 t ha.

Validation of the English Version of the General Dietary Behavior Inventory (GDBI-E).

In medical science and practice, dietary behavior is mostly assessed by item-extensive questionnaires (e.g., food-frequency-questionnaires) or by questionnaires focusing on psychological aspects of dietary behavior neglecting dietary quality or quantity.

Short-chain aurachin D derivatives are selective inhibitors of E. coli cytochrome bd-I and bd-II oxidases.

Cytochrome bd-type oxidases play a crucial role for survival of pathogenic bacteria during infection and proliferation. This role and the fact that there are no homologues in the mitochondrial respiratory chain qualify cytochrome bd as a potential antimicrobial target. However, few bd oxidase selective inhibitors have been described so far.

Identification of novel anti-cancer agents by the synthesis and cellular screening of a noscapine-based library.

Noscapine is a natural product first isolated from the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) with anticancer properties. In this work, we report the synthesis and cellular screening of a noscapine-based library.

Development and Validation of the General Dietary Behavior Inventory (GDBI) in Scope of International Nutrition Guidelines.

Unhealthy eating is associated with various diseases, such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, or oncological. There are neither economical nor behavior-related questionnaires available in the German language to assess general dietary behavior. Therefore, the aim of this validation study was to develop an instrument considering these aspects and verifying its construct and criterion validity.

Leaf apoplastic alkalization promotes transcription of the ABA-synthesizing enzyme Vp14 and stomatal closure in Zea mays.

The chloride component of NaCl salinity causes the leaf apoplast to transiently alkalinize. This transition in pH reduces stomatal aperture. However, whether this apoplastic pH (pHapo) transient initiates stomatal closure by interacting with other chloride stress-induced responses or whether the pH transient alone initiates stomatal closure is unknown.

Obesity, vitamin D deficiency and old age a serious combination with respect to coronavirus disease-2019 severity and outcome.

Purpose Of Review: Old age, obesity and vitamin D deficiency are considered as independent risk factors for severe courses of COVID-19. The aim of the review is to discuss common features of these risk factors and the impact of vitamin D.

Recent Findings: The recently discovered relationship between vitamin D and the infection pathway of the virus via the renin--angiotensin system (RAS) and the adipokines leptin and adiponectin play an important role.

Concise Synthesis of 1,4-Benzoquinone-Based Natural Products as Mitochondrial Complex I Substrates and Substrate-Based Inhibitors.

A short, efficient one-step synthesis of 2-methyl-5-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,4-benzoquinone, a natural product from Pyrola media is described. The synthesis is based on a direct late C-H functionalization of the quinone scaffold. The formation of the natural product was confirmed by means of 2D-NMR spectroscopy.

Spatial distribution of alpha-gal in Ixodes ricinus - A histological study.

Alpha-gal syndrome is a complex allergic disease in humans that is caused by specific IgE (sIgE) against the carbohydrate galactose-α-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal). Tick saliva contains alpha-gal, and tick bites are considered a major cause of the induction of alpha-gal-sIgE. The origin of alpha-gal in tick saliva remains unclarified.

Quinoa ( Willd.): An Overview of the Potentials of the "Golden Grain" and Socio-Economic and Environmental Aspects of Its Cultivation and Marketization.

Quinoa ( Willd.) is native to the Andean region and has attracted a global growing interest due its unique nutritional value. The protein content of quinoa grains is higher than other cereals while it has better distribution of essential amino acids.

Mastering the challenge of balancing self-disclosure and privacy in social media.

Humans have the urge to self-disclose, which is nowadays often satisfied on social media platforms. While the affordances of contemporary social media applications help to indulge this urge, they also pose a significant challenge. People are usually good at leveraging self-disclosure in a way that gratifications are increased and disadvantages are minimized - for example, by avoiding pitfalls such as revealing too intimate information to a large audience.

A novel LED-based 2D-fluorescence spectroscopy system for in-line monitoring of Chinese hamster ovary cell cultivations - Part I.

A new two-dimensional fluorescence sensor system was developed for in-line monitoring of mammalian cell cultures. Fluorescence spectroscopy allows for the detection and quantification of naturally occurring intra- and extracellular fluorophores in the cell broth. The fluorescence signals correlate to the cells' current redox state and other relevant process parameters.

Quantitative analysis of Mycoplasma wenyonii and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos" infections in cattle using novel gapN-based realtime PCR assays.

Hemotrophic mycoplasmas (HMs) are associated with anemia and other disease complexes in a wide range of livestock and wild animals. Two bovine HM species have been identified to date, i.e.

Feasibility of structured endurance training and Mediterranean diet in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers - an interventional randomized controlled multicenter trial (LIBRE-1).

Background: Women with pathogenic BRCA germline mutations have an increased risk for breast and ovarian cancer that seems to be modified by life-style factors. Though, randomized trials investigating the impact of lifestyle interventions on cancer prevention and prognosis in BRCA carriers are still missing.

Methods: We implemented a multicenter, prospective randomized controlled trial in BRCA1/2 patients, comparing a lifestyle intervention group (IG) with a control group (CG) with the primary aim to prove feasibility.

Protection against Tetanus and Diphtheria in Europe: The impact of age, gender and country of origin based on data from the MARK-AGE Study.

Due to the successful implementation of vaccination strategies early-life morbidity and mortality due to infectious disease has been reduced dramatically. Vaccines against tetanus and diphtheria are among the most frequently used vaccines worldwide, but various studies in different European countries have shown that protection against tetanus and particularly against diphtheria is unsatisfactory in adults and older persons. In this study we analyzed tetanus- and diphtheria-specific antibody concentrations in 2100 adults of different age from 6 selected European countries (Austria, Belgium, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland) in order to investigate differences in the level of protection against tetanus and diphtheria across Europe.

Bivariate flow cytometric analysis and sorting of different types of maize starch grains.

Particle-size distribution, granular structure, and composition significantly affect the physicochemical properties, rheological properties, and nutritional function of starch. Flow cytometry and flow sorting are widely considered convenient and efficient ways of classifying and separating natural biological particles or other substances into subpopulations, respectively, based on the differential response of each component to stimulation by a light beam; the results allow for the correlation analysis of parameters. In this study, different types of starches isolated from waxy maize, sweet maize, high-amylose maize, pop maize, and normal maize were initially classified into various subgroups by flow cytometer and then collected through flow sorting to observe their morphology and particle-size distribution.

Trading certainty for speed - how much uncertainty are decisionmakers and guideline developers willing to accept when using rapid reviews: an international survey.

Background: Decisionmakers and guideline developers demand rapid syntheses of the evidence when time sensitive evidence-informed decisions are required. A potential trade-off of such rapid reviews is that their results can have less reliability than results of systematic reviews that can lead to an increased risk of making incorrect decisions or recommendations. We sought to determine how much incremental uncertainty about the correctness of an answer guideline developers and health policy decisionmakers are willing to accept in exchange for a rapid evidence-synthesis.