Overcoming CD226-related immune evasion in acute myeloid leukemia with CD38 CAR-engineered NK cells.

CD226 plays a vital role in natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, interacting with its ligands CD112 and CD155 to initiate immune synapse formation, primarily through leukocyte function-associated-1 (LFA-1). Our study examined the role of CD226 in NK cell surveillance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). NK cells in patients with AML had lower expression of CD226.

In-silico EEG biomarkers of reduced inhibition in human cortical microcircuits in depression.

Reduced cortical inhibition by somatostatin-expressing (SST) interneurons has been strongly associated with treatment-resistant depression. However, due to technical limitations it is impossible to establish experimentally in humans whether the effects of reduced SST interneuron inhibition on microcircuit activity have signatures detectable in clinically-relevant brain signals such as electroencephalography (EEG). To overcome these limitations, we simulated resting-state activity and EEG using detailed models of human cortical microcircuits with normal (healthy) or reduced SST interneuron inhibition (depression), and found that depression microcircuits exhibited increased theta, alpha and low beta power (4-16 Hz).

Development of Acute Myocardial Infarction Mortality and Readmission Models for Public Reporting on Hospital Performance in Canada.

Background: Given changes in the care and outcomes of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients over the past several decades, we sought to develop prediction models that could be used to generate accurate risk-adjusted mortality and readmission outcomes for hospitals in current practice across Canada.

Methods: A Canadian national expert panel was convened to define appropriate AMI patients for reporting and develop prediction models. Preliminary candidate variable evaluation was conducted using Ontario patients hospitalized with a most responsible diagnosis of AMI from April 1, 2015 to March 31, 2018.

Serum metabolic fingerprinting of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis patients using solid-phase microextraction-liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Introduction: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA), an inflammatory arthritis that develops in individuals with psoriasis, is associated with reduced quality of life. Identifying biomarkers associated with development of PsA as well as with PsA disease activity may help management of psoriatic disease.

Objectives: To use metabolomic fingerprinting to determine potential candidate markers of disease conversion (psoriasis to PsA) and/or PsA activity.

Long-term outcomes of resection for locoregional recurrence of colon cancer: A retrospective descriptive cohort study.

Introduction: Resection for isolated distant recurrence of colon cancer is well accepted. Resection for locoregionally recurrent colon cancer (LRCC) is not well studied. We evaluated the long-term outcomes of curative-intent resection for LRCC.

Molecular Pathology of Well-Differentiated Pulmonary and Thymic Neuroendocrine Tumors: What Do Pathologists Need to Know?

Thoracic (pulmonary and thymic) neuroendocrine tumors are well-differentiated epithelial neuroendocrine neoplasms that are classified into typical and atypical carcinoid tumors based on mitotic index cut offs and presence or absence of necrosis. This classification scheme is of great prognostic value but designed for surgical specimens, only. Deep molecular characterization of thoracic neuroendocrine tumors highlighted their difference with neuroendocrine carcinomas.

The safety and efficacy of ferumoxytol in the treatment of iron deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Ferumoxytol is an intravenous (IV) iron formulation for treatment of iron deficiency (ID) that faced post-marketing reports of serious adverse events (SAEs).

Objectives: To determine the safety and efficacy of ferumoxytol compared to other iron formulations and placebo.

Methods: We searched the Cochrane Library, Medline, and EMBASE from inception until February 2018 as well as trial registries and reference lists of relevant articles for randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials.

Plasma redox imbalance caused by albumin oxidation promotes lung-predominant NETosis and pulmonary cancer metastasis.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) promote cancer metastasis in preclinical models following massive exogenous inflammatory stimuli. It remains unknown whether cancer hosts under physiologic conditions experience NETosis and consequent metastasis. Here we show that plasma redox imbalance caused by albumin oxidation promotes inflammation-independent NETosis.

Preventive medicine of von Hippel-Lindau disease-associated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are rare in von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) but cause serious morbidity and mortality. Management guidelines for VHL-PanNETs continue to be based on limited evidence, and survival data to guide surgical management are lacking. We established the European-American-Asian-VHL-PanNET-Registry to assess data for risks for metastases, survival and long-term outcomes to provide best management recommendations.

Achalasia-Specific Quality of Life After Pneumatic Dilation or Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy With Partial Fundoplication: A Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objectives: Achalasia is a chronic, progressive, and incurable esophageal motility disease. There is clinical uncertainty about which treatment should be recommended as first-line therapy. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of pneumatic dilation compared with laparoscopic Heller myotomy with partial fundoplication in improving achalasia-specific quality of life.

APOL1 Genotype and Glomerular and Tubular Kidney Injury in Women With HIV.

Background: APOL1 genotype is associated with advanced kidney disease in African Americans, but the pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. Here, associations of APOL1 genotype with urine biomarkers of glomerular and tubular injury and kidney function decline were evaluated.

Study Design: Observational study.