Antiviral Medications for Treatment of Nonsevere Influenza: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Importance: The optimal antiviral drug for treatment of nonsevere influenza remains unclear.

Objective: To compare effects of antiviral drugs for treating nonsevere influenza.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Global Health, Epistemonikos, and ClinicalTrials.

Real-World Evaluation of i-gel Introduction on Intraoperative Airway-Related Safety Events: A Retrospective Cohort Study From a New England Hospital Network.

Background: Several health care networks have fully adopted second-generation supraglottic airway (SGA) i-gel. Real-world evidence of enhanced patient safety after such practice change is lacking. We hypothesized that the implementation of i-gel compared to the previous LMA®-Unique™ would be associated with a lower risk of airway-related safety events.

Chemotherapy-Related Cognitive Impairment and Changes in Neural Network Dynamics: A Systematic Review.

Background And Objectives: This systematic review aims to synthesize the current literature on the association between chemotherapy (CTX) and chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) with functional and structural brain alterations in patients with noncentral nervous system cancers.

Methods: A comprehensive search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase databases was conducted, and results were reported following preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses guidelines. Data on study design, comparison cohort characteristics, patient demographics, cancer type, CTX agents, neuroimaging methods, structural and functional connectivity (FC) changes, and cognitive/psychological assessments in adult patients were extracted and reported.

Safety and Efficacy of IV Onasemnogene Abeparvovec for Pediatric Patients With Spinal Muscular Atrophy: The Phase 3b SMART Study.

Background And Objectives: Safety and efficacy of IV onasemnogene abeparvovec has been demonstrated for patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) weighing <8.5 kg. SMART was the first clinical trial to evaluate onasemnogene abeparvovec for participants weighing 8.

Experience of The National Emergency Tele-Critical Care Network.

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed significant frailties of the U.S. healthcare system, especially inequities facing rural areas during surges when critical access and small community hospitals could not transfer patients to referral centers that were already overcapacity.

PARADIGM-PV: a randomized, multicenter phase 4 study to assess the efficacy and safety of ropeginterferon alfa-2b in patients with low- or high-risk polycythemia vera.

Polycythemia vera (PV) is characterized by clonal hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells with constitutively active somatic mutation(s) in the Janus kinase 2 gene. Phlebotomy (Phl) and aspirin are often used alone for low-risk PV patients. However, data from the Low-PV study demonstrated that Phl and aspirin may not be adequate for patients.

Why is learning from patient safety incidents (still) so hard? A sociocultural perspective on learning from incidents in healthcare organizations.

Purpose: Despite robust quality improvement efforts in healthcare, learning from patient safety incidents remains difficult. Our study explores counter-vailing powers shaping learning processes and possibilities in healthcare organizations, with a focus on social, political and organizational dynamics of learning.

Design/methodology/approach: Deploying concepts of situated curriculum, boundary work and interconnected knowledge practices, we interviewed staff and physicians ( = 15) in a large Academic Health Science Centre in Canada about their experiences of incident investigations and resultant information sharing.

Using evidence from civil society in national and subnational health policy processes: a qualitative evidence synthesis.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (qualitative). The objectives are as follows: To explore the use of evidence from civil society in national and subnational health policy processes. The specific research questions will include the following.

Fast Neuronal Calcium Signals in Brain Slices Loaded With Fluo-4 AM Ester.

Staining brain slices with acetoxymethyl ester (AM) Ca dyes is a straightforward procedure to load multiple cells, and Fluo-4 is a commonly used high-affinity indicator due to its very large dynamic range. It has been shown that this dye preferentially stains glial cells, providing slow and large Ca transients, but it is questionable whether and at which temporal resolution it can also report Ca transients from neuronal cells. Here, by electrically stimulating mouse hippocampal slices, we resolved fast neuronal signals corresponding to 1%-3% maximal fluorescence changes.

Performance of individual criteria of the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) intraabdominal injury prediction rule.

Objective: The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) derived and externally validated a clinical prediction rule to identify children with blunt torso trauma at low risk for intraabdominal injuries undergoing acute intervention (IAI). Little is known about the risk for IAI when only one or two prediction rule variables are positive. We sought to determine the risk for IAI when either one or two PECARN intraabdominal injury rule variables are positive.

Musculoskeletal Pain as a Risk Factor for Poor Dizziness Outcomes: A Longitudinal Study among Patients With Persistent Vestibular Dizziness.

Objective: Musculoskeletal pain and psychological distress are prevalent comorbidities in patients with persistent dizziness. Little is known about how comorbid pain influences the outcome of persistent dizziness. This study examined the impact of pain on dizziness outcomes and the potential modifying role of psychological distress.

Liver Injury due to Intravenous Methylprednisolone in the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network.

Background And Aims: Short courses of intravenous (iv) methylprednisolone (MP) can cause drug induced liver injury (DILI). The aim of this study was to assess the clinical features and HLA associations of MP-related DILI enrolled in the US DILI Network (DILIN).

Methods: DILIN cases with MP as a suspected drug were reviewed.

Topological features of brain functional networks are reorganized during chronic tinnitus: A graph-theoretical study.

This study aimed to investigate the topological properties of brain functional networks in patients with tinnitus of varying durations. A total of 51 tinnitus patients (divided into recent-onset tinnitus (ROT) and persistent tinnitus (PT) groups) and 27 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. All participants underwent resting-state functional MRI and audiological assessments.

Sex-Specific White Matter Abnormalities Across the Dynamic Pain Connectome in Neuropathic Pain: A Fixel-Based Analysis Study.

A fundamental issue in neuroscience is a lack of understanding regarding the relationship between brain function and the white matter architecture that supports it. Individuals with chronic neuropathic pain (NP) exhibit functional abnormalities throughout brain networks collectively termed the "dynamic pain connectome" (DPC), including the default mode network (DMN), salience network, and ascending nociceptive and descending pain modulation systems. These functional abnormalities are often observed in a sex-dependent fashion.

Treatment of focal anaplastic Wilms tumor: A report from the Children's Oncology Group AREN0321 and AREN03B2 studies.

Background: In the fifth National Wilms Tumor Study, patients received vincristine and dactinomycin (VA) without radiation for stage I focal anaplastic Wilms tumor (FAWT) and VA plus doxorubicin (DD4A) and radiation for stage II-IV FAWT. Four-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) for stage I FAWT were 67.5% and 88.

Deep Learning and Numerical Analysis for Bladder Outflow Obstruction and Detrusor Underactivity Diagnosis in Men: A Novel Urodynamic Evaluation Scheme.

Objectives: To automatically identify and diagnose bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) and detrusor underactivity (DUA) in male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms through urodynamics exam.

Patients And Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 1949 male patients who underwent a urodynamic study at two institutions. Deep Convolutional Neural Networks scheme combined with a short-time Fourier transform algorithm was trained to perform an accurate diagnosis of BOO and DUA, utilizing five-channel urodynamic data (consisting of uroflowmetry, urine volume, intravesical pressure, abdominal pressure, and detrusor pressure).

Enhancing Hemocompatibility in ECMO Systems With a Fibrinolytic Interactive Coating: in Vitro Evaluation of Blood Clot Lysis Using a 3D Microfluidic Model.

Blood-contacting medical devices, especially extracorporeal membrane oxygenators (ECMOs), are highly susceptible to surface-induced coagulation because of their extensive surface area. This can compromise device functionality and lead to life-threatening complications. High doses of anticoagulants, combined with anti-thrombogenic surface coatings, are typically employed to mitigate this risk, but such treatment can lead to hemorrhagic complications.

Association of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism Related Genes With Endometrial Immune Microenvironment and Oxidative Stress in Coupes With Recurrent Implantation Failure.

Background: Alterations in lipid metabolism were reported to impact human fertility; however, there is limited evidence on the association of lipid metabolism with embryo implantation as well as the etiology of recurrent implantation failure (RIF), especially regarding arachidonic acid metabolism.

Methods: Experimental verification research (16 RIF patients and 30 control patients) based on GEO database analysis (24 RIF patients and 24 control patients). The methods in bioinformatics included differential gene screening, functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction network, cluster analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and so forth.

Utilizing Quantitative Analysis of CSF Volume from Clinical T1-Weighted MRI to Predict Thrombectomy Outcomes.

Background And Purpose: Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is the standard for acute ischemic stroke from large vessel occlusion, but post-EVT functional independence varies. Brain atrophy, linked to higher cerebrospinal fluid volume (CSFV), may affect outcomes. Baseline CSFV could predict EVT benefit by assessing brain health.

Time to standardize educational competencies on EBP: the benefits of a common core framework.

Principles, theories, and models of education for health professionals have not evolved in parallel with advanced requirements for evidence-based practice (EBP). We propose that groups such as JBI, with a global network of clinical and academic centers, are well placed to reignite the debate and advance evidence-based curriculum development. This can be achieved by operationalizing the JBI Model for Evidence-Based Healthcare within the Sicily statement's pedagogical framework.

Validation, bias assessment, and optimization of the UNAFIED 2-year risk prediction model for undiagnosed atrial fibrillation using national electronic health data.

Background: Prediction models for atrial fibrillation (AF) may enable earlier detection and guideline-directed treatment decisions. However, model bias may lead to inaccurate predictions and unintended consequences.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to validate, assess bias, and improve generalizability of "UNAFIED-10," a 2-year, 10-variable predictive model of undiagnosed AF in a national data set (originally developed using the Indiana Network for Patient Care regional data).

Cardiac-targeted delivery of a novel Drp1 inhibitor for acute cardioprotection.

Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is a mitochondrial fission protein and a viable target for cardioprotection against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Here, we reported a novel Drp1 inhibitor (DRP1i1), delivered using a cardiac-targeted nanoparticle drug delivery system, as a more effective approach for achieving acute cardioprotection. DRP1i1 was encapsulated in cubosome nanoparticles with conjugated cardiac-homing peptides (NanoDRP1i1) and the encapsulation efficiency was 99.

Citronellol Induces Apoptosis via Differential Regulation of Caspase-3, NF-κB, and JAK2 Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma Cell Line.

Citronellol (CT) is a naturally occurring lipophilic monoterpenoid which has shown anticancer effects in numerous cancerous cell lines. This study was, therefore, designed to examine CT's potential as an anticancer agent against glioblastoma (GBM). Network pharmacology analysis was employed to identify potential anticancer targets of CT.

Novel Transfer Learning Approach for Detecting Infected and Healthy Maize Crop Using Leaf Images.

Maize is a staple crop worldwide, essential for food security, livestock feed, and industrial uses. Its health directly impacts agricultural productivity and economic stability. Effective detection of maize crop health is crucial for preventing disease spread and ensuring high yields.

A Crossover Trial of a Novel Toothbrushing Method for Prevention of Aspiration Pneumonia: Toothpaste With Povidone-Iodine and Moisturizing Gel Mixture.

Introduction: Toothbrushing, during which dental plaque is brushed off into the oral cavity, can increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia in older adults and intubated patients.

Methods: This study examined brushing methods to prevent the spread of bacteria in the oral cavity. Six participants who required assistance with brushing received toothbrushing from a dental hygienist.