Association between increased mortality and bronchial fibroscopy in intensive care units and intermediate care units during COPD exacerbations: an analysis of the 2014 and 2015 National French Medical-based Information System Databases (PMSI).

Background: The course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is punctuated by exacerbations, most often of infectious origin, responsible for many intensive care unit (ICU) and intermediate care unit (IMCU) admissions. Our objective was to study in-hospital mortality during severe COPD exacerbations in ICU and IMCU based on the performance of bronchoscopy.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out on stays in ICUs for COPD exacerbation from the French Programme for the Medicalisation of Information Systems databases for the years 2014 and 2015.

Applying a Race(ism)-Conscious Adaptation of the CFIR Framework to Understand Implementation of a School-Based Equity-Oriented Intervention.

Objectives: To use the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) adapted to a race-conscious frame to understand ways that structural racism interacts with intervention implementation and uptake within an equity-oriented trial designed to enhance student-school connectedness.

Design: Secondary analysis of qualitative implementation data from Project TRUST (Training for Resiliency in Urban Students and Teachers), a hybrid effectiveness-implementation, community-based participatory intervention.

Setting: Ten schools across one urban school district.

Performance of Repeated Measures of (1-3)-β-D-Glucan, Mannan Antigen, and Antimannan Antibodies for the Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis in ICU Patients: A Preplanned Ancillary Analysis of the EMPIRICUS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: We aimed to assess the prognostic value of repeated measurements of serum (1-3)-β-D-glucan (BDG), mannan-antigen (mannan-Ag), and antimannan antibodies (antimannan-Ab) for the occurrence of invasive candidiasis (IC) in a high-risk nonimmunocompromised population.

Methods: This was a preplanned ancillary analysis of the EMPIRICUS Randomized Clinical Trial, including nonimmunocompromised critically ill patients with intensive care unit-acquired sepsis, multiple colonization, and multiple organ failure who were exposed to broad-spectrum antibacterial agents. BDG (>80 and >250 pg/mL), mannan-Ag (>125 pg/mL), and antimannan-Ab (>10 AU) were collected repeatedly.

Comparison of Autonomic Reactivity to the Stress between Adjustment Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder.

Objective: Adjustment disorder (AD) remains an ambiguous diagnosis that overlaps with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study compared autonomic reactivity to the stress between AD and MDD to test for biological differences.

Methods: Physically healthy Korean male soldiers admitted to a psychiatric ward were recruited for participation.

An Exploratory Pilot Study with Plasma Protein Signatures Associated with Response of Patients with Depression to Antidepressant Treatment for 10 Weeks.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of global disability with a chronic and recurrent course. Recognition of biological markers that could predict and monitor response to drug treatment could personalize clinical decision-making, minimize unnecessary drug exposure, and achieve better outcomes. Four longitudinal plasma samples were collected from each of ten patients with MDD treated with antidepressants for 10 weeks.

Slightly Elevated Serum Ionic Fluoride Levels Inhibit Insulin Secretion and Increase Glucose Levels in a General Japanese Population: a Cross-sectional Study.

A cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the relationships between serum fluoride levels, glucose levels, and insulin secretion in a general population. A total of 330 healthy subjects (167 men; 163 women) aged between 40 and 69 years were examined. Lifestyle information was obtained using questionnaires.

Late Ventilator-Induced Diaphragmatic Dysfunction After Extubation.

Objectives: Mechanical ventilation is associated with primary diaphragmatic dysfunction, also termed ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction. Studies evaluating diaphragmatic function recovery after extubation are lacking. We evaluated early and late recoveries from ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction in a mouse model.

Impact of Videolaryngoscopy Expertise on First-Attempt Intubation Success in Critically Ill Patients.

Objectives: The use of a videolaryngoscope in the ICU on the first endotracheal intubation attempt and intubation-related complications is controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the first intubation attempt success rate in the ICU with the McGrath MAC videolaryngoscope (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) according to the operators' videolaryngoscope expertise and to describe its association with the occurrence of intubation-related complications.

Design: Observational study.

Genome-Wide Association Study of Lean Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Suggests Human Leukocyte Antigen as a Novel Candidate Locus.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is supposed to manifest its metabolic phenotype in the liver, but it is common to have lean individuals diagnosed with NAFLD, known as lean NAFLD. We conducted a two-stage analysis to identify NAFLD-associated loci in Japanese patients. In stage I, 275 metabolically healthy normal-weight patients with NAFLD were compared with 1,411 non-NAFLD controls adjusted for age, sex, and alcohol consumption by a genome-wide association study (GWAS).

Rate of diagnostic conversion to bipolar disorder in adults with unipolar depression and psychopharmacological treatment in the republic of Korea: A nationwide register-based study.

Background: Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and depressive episodes are usually diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). It is clinically important to estimate diagnostic conversion rate from MDD to BD and identify factors characterizing MDD patients at highest risk. We investigated conversion rate from depression to BD, stratified by age and sex, and associated psychopharmacological treatment patterns.

The Association between Excessive Internet Gaming Behavior and Immersive Tendency, Mediated by Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms, in Korean Male University Students.

Objective: Problematic online gaming (POG) and problematic Internet use (PIU) have become a serious public mental health problem, with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) included in "Conditions for further study" section of DSM-5. Although higher immersive tendency is observed in people affected by POG, little is known about the simultaneous effect of immersive tendency and its highly comorbid mental disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to assess the relationship between immersive tendency, ADHD, and IGD.

Mitochondrial oxidative stress induces leaky ryanodine receptor during mechanical ventilation.

Rationale: Ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD) increases morbidity and mortality in critical care patients. Although VIDD has been associated with mitochondrial oxidative stress and calcium homeostasis impairment, the underling mechanisms are still unknown. We hypothesized that diaphragmatic mitochondrial oxidative stress causes remodeling of the ryanodine receptor (RyR1)/calcium release channel, contributing to sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca leak, proteolysis and VIDD.

The epidemiology of antidepressant use in South Korea: Does short-term antidepressant use affect the relapse and recurrence of depressive episodes?

Background: The duration of antidepressant use affects the treatment of depression. Using the National Health Insurance database, which covers almost the entire national population, we verified the factors associated with the inadequate short-term use of initially prescribed antidepressants and their effects on the relapse and recurrence of depressive episodes.

Methods: There were 752,190 patients included who had been newly prescribed antidepressants in 2012 with the diagnosis of depressive disorder.

A randomized, double-blind, 6-week prospective pilot study on the efficacy and safety of dose escalation in non-remitters in comparison to those of the standard dose of escitalopram for major depressive disorder.

Background: Escalating doses of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are often used to treat patients with a suboptimal response to the standard dose. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of dose escalation of escitalopram, up to 30 mg, in non-remitters with major depressive disorder (MDD) after treatment with the standard dose.

Method: We recruited 98 patients with MDD (aged 18-65 years).

Castleman Disease Presenting with Pseudotumour Cerebri and Myasthenia Gravis: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that may present with various autoimmune, inflammatory, or neurologic syndromes. This is a case of a 21-year-old woman who presented with signs and symptoms of pseudotumour cerebri (PTC) who subsequently developed myasthenia gravis (MG), and was incidentally found to have a large mass in the posterior mediastinum. Upon resection, the mass was classified as unicentric CD involved with follicular dendritic cell sarcoma.

An open/pilot trial of cognitive behavioral therapy in Turkish patients with refractory chronic migraine.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for pain management is a therapy that aims to modify thoughts and behavior to be more realistic and balanced. There are limited number of studies to assess the efficacy of CBT for patients with pharmacotherapy-resistant chronic migraine in our population. We aimed to invstigate the effects of CBT for patients with refractory chronic migraine on pain attack frequency, disability, severity, anxiety and depression.

Narrative Health: Using Story to Explore Definitions of Health and Address Bias in Health Care.

When defining health and illness, we often look to governing bodies such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization rather than our communities. With health disparities prominent throughout the US, it is important to look at the structures we have set forth in health care and find new ways to address health as well as new definitions. Storytelling is a valuable tool to help understand how our communities address health and the place of the hospital or clinic in their health.

Dual oocyte retrieval and embryo transfer in the same cycle for women with premature ovarian insufficiency.

Objective: To compare dual oocyte retrieval with minimal ovarian stimulation and embryo transfer in the same menstrual cycle versus conventional ovarian stimulation among women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI).

Methods: A retrospective study of 51 women with POI attending a reproductive center in Turkey between 2013 and 2015. Women with an ovarian follicle of 12 mm or larger early in the follicular phase who underwent oocyte retrieval followed by an immediate cycle of ovarian stimulation (group 1, n=14) were compared with those who received conventional ovarian stimulation (group 2, n=37).

Longitudinal study of the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms and depressive symptoms.

Objective: To analyze the longitudinal association between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and the development of incident depressive symptoms in Korean men.

Methods: This study initially recruited 16,155 Korean men who underwent routine health examinations between 2005 and 2012, and completed the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) screening tool and Beck Depression Inventory-1 (BDI). The final study population included 9080 men, aged 15-89, who had a baseline BDI score < 10 and follow-up BDI data, with no history of depression, bladder or prostate operations.

Fresh transfer of Day 5 slow-growing embryos versus deferred transfer of vitrified, fully expanded Day 6 blastocysts: which is the optimal approach?

Study Question: In IVF cycles in which the entire embryo cohort is slow growing, is it optimal to perform fresh transfer in Day 5 or to extend the culture and transfer in subsequent vitrified-warmed cycles?

Summary Answer: The outcomes depend on the degree of embryo development on Day 5.

What Is Known Already: Slow-growing blastocysts have lower implantation potential when transferred in fresh cycles. It has been suggested that embryo-endometrial asynchrony could explain this finding.

Long-term Body Weight Gain After Maturity is Associated With the Incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Independent of Current Body Weight, in Middle-aged and Older Men.

Background: This study investigated the relationship between long-term body weight gain after maturity and the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: The participants were 303 men without a history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, kidney dysfunction, or dialysis treatment. Their body weight gain after maturity was examined using a standardized self-administered questionnaire.

Development and Assessment of an Interprofessional Curriculum for Managing Diabetes During Ramadan.

To develop an educational module that would optimize the diabetic management of individuals observing Ramadan, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the module based on the special needs of fasting individuals. A needs assessment was conducted to understand the knowledge gaps of health care professionals and the perceived usefulness of an interprofessional curriculum focused on the management of diabetes during Ramadan. Following this assessment, an interdisciplinary team developed and implemented a comprehensive curriculum.

The relationship between visceral adiposity and depressive symptoms in the general Korean population.

Background: In Korea, depressive symptoms or depression are prevalent. Metabolic syndrome is the representative medical condition associated with depression. This study examined the association between clinically significant depressive symptoms and intra-abdominal fat, measured using abdominal computed tomography, in a large sample of the Korean population who underwent routine health examination.

Recommendations of Lifestyle Modification According to a Survey of First-Year University Students.

Background: We analyzed what kind of lifestyle modification first-year university students need based on the results of a health-consciousness survey conducted in first-year students immediately after they entered a university.

Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study used a "questionnaire survey on lifestyle and health for promoting health" conducted in Japan in 2015. From among an initial pool of 3,912 students, we excluded 314 due to insufficient data.