Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms: A Narrative Review.

Introduction: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are the most frequent cystic pancreatic neoplasm. They derive from the main pancreatic duct or branch ducts.

Aim: This narrative review aims to present and compare the current guidelines on the management of IPMNs.

Phytobezoar-Induced Mechanical Ileus and Incipient Intussusception: A Case Report.

Phytobezoars constitute conglomerates of indigested plant fibers and are a rare cause of acute mechanical ileus. They exhibit an increased prevalence in the elderly population and people with specific predisposing conditions. Radiological imaging can often set a definitive diagnosis and dictate the optimal therapeutic approach, combined with the patient's clinical status.

Efficacy of antimicrobials or placebo compared to amoxicillin-clavulanate in children with acute otitis media: a systematic review.

Background: Acute otitis media (AOM) is the inflammation of the middle ear. It constitutes one of the most frequent infections which affects children and usually occurs between 6 to 24 months of age. AOM can emerge due to viruses and/or bacteria.

Giant Echinococcosis of the Liver with Suppuration: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a common, complex parasitic disease that constitutes a major public health concern. CE demonstrates high endemicity in areas where dogs are used for herding or where animal husbandry practices involve close contact with livestock. It can clinically manifest with a variety of signs and symptoms, such as cholangitis, jaundice, pancreatitis, external biliary fistula, inferior vena cava obstruction, portal hypertension, and superinfection.

HERACLIS-HDV cohort for the factors of underdiagnosis and prevalence of hepatitis D virus infection in HBsAg-positive patients.

Background And Aims: Hepatitis D virus (HDV) underdiagnosis remains common. We assessed the HDV screening and prevalence rates in HBsAg-positive patients seen at tertiary liver centres throughout Greece as well as factors affecting HDV diagnosis.

Methods: All adult HBsAg-positive patients seen within the last 5 years were included.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma:Insights in epidemiology, pathogenesis, imaging, prevention and therapy.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is estimated to be the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality and is characterized by low survival rates. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as a leading cause of HCC, whose rates are increasing, owing to the increasing prevalence of NAFLD. The pathogenesis of NAFLD-associated HCC is multifactorial: insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes and the low-grade hepatic inflammation, which characterizes NAFLD, seem to play key roles in the development and progression of HCC.

Differentiated thyroid cancer: Case report of false positive I uptake on whole body scintigraphy in a patient with bilateral femur osteonecrosis.

Objective: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is one of the fastest growing cancers worldwide. Despite the generally good prognosis of thyroid carcinoma, about 5% of patients will develop metastatic disease, exhibiting a more aggressive behavior. Radioiodine whole-body scintigraphy (WBS) has been used in the detection of DTC.

Artificial intelligence-based mining of electronic health record data to accelerate the digital transformation of the national cardiovascular ecosystem: design protocol of the CardioMining study.

Introduction: Mining of electronic health record (EHRs) data is increasingly being implemented all over the world but mainly focuses on structured data. The capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) could reverse the underusage of unstructured EHR data and enhance the quality of medical research and clinical care. This study aims to develop an AI-based model to transform unstructured EHR data into an organised, interpretable dataset and form a national dataset of cardiac patients.

HPV-Induced Anal and Peri-Anal Neoplasia, a Surgeon's Experience: 5-Year Case Series.

: One of the most known sexually transmitted diseases is Condylomata acuminata (CA), a skin lesion occurring due to infection from Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). CA has a typical appearance of raised, skin-colored papules ranging in size from 1 mm to 5 mm. These lesions often form cauliflower-like plaques.

Prevalence, characteristics, and natural history of apical phenotype in a large cohort of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Background: Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) is a variant of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with distinct imaging and clinical characteristics. Data on the prognosis of this HCM subgroup appear conflicting. Our study aims to clarify the natural history of ApHCM and identify predictors of outcomes.

REDS study: Retrospective effectiveness study of dalbavancin and other standard of care of the same IV antibiotic class in patients with ABSSSI.

Objectives: Acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections (ABSSSIs) are a common source of morbidity in both the community and hospital settings. The current standard of care (SoC) requires multiple-dose intravenous (IV) regimens, which are associated with high hospitalisation rates, concomitant event risks and costs. Dalbavancin is a lipoglycopeptide, long-acting antibiotic that is effective against Gram-positive microorganisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Right Paraduodenal Hernia as a Cause of Acute Abdominal Pain in the Emergency Department: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Paraduodenal hernias (PDHs) represent an unusual cause of acute abdominal pain in the Emergency Department (ED) and are associated with high morbidity attributable to a challenging clinical and radiological diagnosis, as signs and symptoms mimic other frequent causes of acute abdominal pain. We report a right paraduodenal hernia in a 37-year-old female patient who presented to the ED complaining of abdominal pain located in the right lower abdomen and hypogastrium, accompanied by nausea. During diagnostic work up, the abdominal computed tomography scan revealed the presence of small bowel malrotation with concomitant right paraduodenal hernia.

Synchronous Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in the Head and Tail, a Double Trouble: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Synchronous primary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is very rare and can be formed either through multicentric carcinogenesis or intrapancreatic metastasis. We report the case of an 80-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus who presented with abdominal pain and weight loss. Laboratory tests showed elevated levels of blood glucose and CA 19-9, and Computed Tomography revealed two hypoenhancing lesions in the head and tail of the pancreas.

Adenoviral Infections in Neonates: A Case-Based Literature Review.

Adenoviral infections in neonates are associated with high rates of mortality due to the lack of humoral immunity. A comprehensive search of published literature in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct electronic databases was conducted for case reports published between the years 1990 and 2021. The aim of our study is to investigate the risk factors, clinical manifestations, treatment, and outcomes of adenoviral infections in neonates.

Idiopathic Multicentric Castleman Disease with Cutaneous Manifestation: Case Report.

Castleman disease constitutes a rare class of lymphoproliferative disorders, with an estimated incidence of 21 to 25 per million patient years. The idiopathic subtype exhibits a significantly diverse clinical presentation, which can imitate many autoimmune, malignant, and infectious diseases. Cutaneous manifestations are uncommon and require in-depth investigation, especially when concurrent lymphadenopathy is present.

A Rare Case of Multiple Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Coexisting with a Rectal Adenocarcinoma in a Patient with Attenuated Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Syndrome and a Mini Review of the Literature.

Background: Multiple gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are extremely rare entities that exist either as spontaneous GISTs or as part of various syndromes, such as Carney's triad and type I neurofibromatosis (NF1). Attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis (AFAP) is a variant of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) with a milder clinical presentation. Both GISTs and AFAP have been reported to coexist with colorectal cancer, but the coexistence of GISTs and AFAP has never been reported in the literature before.

Ectopic pancreatic tissue in stomach: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Ectopic Pancreas (EP) is a rare condition that is mostly found in the Gastrointestinal tract and especially in the stomach. Although the lesion is mainly asymptomatic, non-specific symptoms can be present, making the diagnosis even more challenging.

Case Presentation: In our case a 52-year-old woman, with heartburn as the only symptom, was undergone successive examinations, indicating a subepithelial lesion in the antrum of the stomach, from which only Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) indicated the presence of ectopic pancreas, while Computed Tomography results considered the mass as Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor.

Posterior cerebral artery dissection after excessive caffeine consumption in a teenager.

Arterial ischemic stroke is a rare but significant cause of neurological deficits in childhood. Even though there is a variety of risk factors, identifying the etiology can sometimes be a hard diagnostic challenge. Arteriopathies in general, and more specifically, arterial dissection is one of the uncommon pathologies that can cause incidents of pediatric stroke.