The case report of treatment strategy for Anorexia nervosa with psychotic elements in adolescent.

Eating disorders in early childhood are the same frequency in boys and girls. During adolescence eating disorders are ten (10) times more frequent in girls than in boys. Worrying is the fact that eating disorders are the third chronic illness among adolescents after obesity and asthma.

[The role of zinc in the treatment of hyperactivity disorder in children].

Zinc is an essential cofactor of more than 100 enzymes, including metalloenzymes and metalloenzyme complexes, which are necessary in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fatty acids, proteins and nucleic acids. It is an important factor in the metabolism of neurotransmitters, prostaglandins, and for maintaining brain structure and function. Dopamine is one of the most important factors in the pathophysiology of hyperactivity disorder, and the hormone melatonin has an important role in the regulation of dopamine.

Shared psychotic disorder ("folie a deux") between mother and 15 years old son.

We presented a rare case in clinical practice: fifteen (15) years old male adolescent with shared psychotic disorder with his thirty seven (37) years old mother. In this case of "folie d deux" child was the passive psychotic partner and his mother who was the dominant psychotic partner. Both patients shared the same paranoid and imperative delusions.

Age of methylphenidate treatment initiation in children with ADHD and later substance abuse: prospective follow-up into adulthood.

Objective: Animal studies have shown that age at stimulant exposure is positively related to later drug sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to examine whether age at initiation of stimulant treatment in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is related to the subsequent development of substance use disorders.

Method: The authors conducted a prospective longitudinal study of 176 methylphenidate-treated Caucasian male children (ages 6 to 12) with ADHD but without conduct disorder.

Juvenile arrest: a cross-cultural comparison.

Background: Cross-national studies describing the psychopathological characteristics of arrested adolescents are virtually non-existent. Such studies are important because they have implications for national policy on arrest, case-management, and future research.

Method: To address this issue, self-report surveys administered to representative groups of 12- to 16-year-old adolescents in New Haven, USA (N = 1138) and Antwerp, Belgium (N = 627) were compared.

Is preadolescent mania the same condition as adult mania? A British perspective.

Until relatively recently, the prevailing view was that mania was uncommon in preadolescent children. In the past 15 years, however, there has been increasing interest in the idea that mania may be much more common at younger ages than previously recognized. This article is concerned with the issue of whether preadolescent mania represents the same kind of problem as adult mania.

Violence exposure and substance use in adolescents: findings from three countries.

Objective: To investigate relationships between exposure to community violence (witnessing and victimization) and reported substance use (cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, and hard drugs) in a cross-national sample of adolescents, after controlling for the level of the adolescents' own violent behavior.

Method: A self-report survey was conducted in 3380 14- to 17-year-old adolescents in urban communities of 3 different countries: Antwerp, Belgium (N = 958); Arkangelsk, Russia (N = 1036); and New Haven, Connecticut (N = 1386).

Results: In all 3 countries, levels of reported smoking, alcohol use, marijuana use, and hard drug use showed increases with adolescent exposure to violence.

Predicting repeat self-harm in children--how accurate can we expect to be?

The main objective of the study was to find which variables predict repetition of deliberate self-harm in children. The study is based on a group of children who took part in a randomized control trial investigating the effects of a home-based family intervention for children who had deliberately poisoned themselves. These children had a range of baseline and outcome measures collected on two occasions (two and six months follow-up).

Psychopathology and delinquency in adolescents: a descriptive and developmental perspective.

The current article presents a review on psychiatric pathology in delinquent adolescents. The putative developmental significance of this co-occurrence is discussed within Moffitt's [Psychol. Rev.

Antisocial behaviour and mental health. Findings from three communities.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between antisocial behaviour and psychopathology (depression, somatization, anxiety), expectations for the future, and sensation seeking in adolescents.

Method: A cross-national self-report study assessing 955 students in Antwerp (Belgium), 1026 in Arkhangelsk (Russia) and 1391 in New Haven (US) was conducted. Adolescents were assigned antisocial group status according to the nature of their reported deviant behaviour.

Postoperative pain: a comparison of adolescent inpatient and day patient experiences.

This three-year study investigated the experience of postoperative pain and its management following elective surgery in an adolescent population aged 12-18 years (n=351) in 5 NHS trusts. In addition to the adolescents, one parent of each adolescent and a range of health professionals including surgeons, anaesthetists and registered nurses were interviewed concerning their views on acute pain in adolescent patients. The results presented in this paper are those related to the management of day and inpatient surgery in this adolescent population.

A family-based and case-control association study of the dopamine D4 receptor gene and dopamine transporter gene in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable psychiatric condition of early childhood onset characterised by marked inattention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness. Molecular genetic investigations of ADHD have found positive associations with the 480-bp allele of a VNTR situated in the 3' untranslated region of DAT1 and allele 7 of a VNTR in exon 3 of DRD4. A number of independent studies have attempted to replicate these findings but the results have been inconsistent.

A descriptive survey of Flemish delinquent adolescents.

Previous research has shown that delinquent adolescents are characterized by a number of psychiatric problems. Most of these assessments, however, have been conducted on incarcerated adolescents. By means of semi-structured assessment (Child Assessment Schedule) and self-report measures, we assessed psychiatric status in a group of 72 delinquent adolescents, adjudicated before the Juvenile Court of Antwerp, Belgium.

Contrasting child and adolescent psychiatry services in Szeged, Hungary, and Glasgow, Scotland.

International comparisons of child and adolescent psychiatry services are rarely reported in the literature. The present study arose out of a TEMPUS collaborative project between the University Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Szeged, Hungary, and Glasgow, Scotland. Using the Glasgow Audit Questionnaire, a profile of each service was obtained, including basic demographic data, types of disorders referred, treatment modalities used, and a measure of outcome.

Standardized mortality in eating disorders--a quantitative summary of previously published and new evidence.

Ten eating disorder (ED) populations were reviewed using the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) presenting new evidence for several studies. In eight of the ten samples, strong evidence (in one sample weak evidence and in one sample no evidence) supports an hypothesis of elevated SMR. We found strong evidence for an increase in SMR for anorexia nervosa (AN), whereas no firm conclusions could be drawn for bulimia nervosa (BN).

Clinical validity of major depression-endogenous subtype in adolescent patients.

This paper explored the validity of the distinction between endogenous and nonendogenous forms of major depression in a clinical sample of adolescents, average age 13.6 years. The criteria used to establish this distinction were features of the disorder itself and the external criteria of demography, family history and psychosocial stressors.

Properties of the mood and feelings questionnaire in adolescent psychiatric outpatients: a research note.

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) in 104 adolescent outpatients attending a psychiatric clinic. The clinic offers a special assessment and treatment service for young people with depressive disorders. In this sample the self-report version of the MFQ had acceptable reliability and was a satisfactory screen for major depressive disorder diagnosed by a standardised interview with the child.

Parental ideas of normal and deviant child behaviour. A comparison of two ethnic groups.

The parents of Gujarati and English children were interviewed and their attitudes to a wide range of child behaviour elicited. Differences in their ideas of normal and deviant behaviour were found in areas such as conduct and bedwetting, but not in self-care.