Mapping the learning styles of medical students in Brazil.

Background: Medical education has evolved based on the application of pedagogical actions that place the student as the protagonist of the learning process through the use of active teaching methodologies. Within this context, higher education teachers should use strategies that focus on the student and his/her context and avoid traditional teaching methods. Specifically in medical schools, there is an even greater challenge since the teaching methods of medical curricula differ from those used in previous schooling.

Behavioral and morphological effects of resveratrol and curcumin in rats submitted to doxorubicin-induced cognitive impairment.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is known to cause cognitive impairments in patients submitted to long-term chemotherapy (deficits also known as chemobrain). Therefore, there is an urgent need for therapeutic strategies capable of returning cancer survivors back to their previous quality of life. The present study investigated whether resveratrol (RSV) or curcumin (CUR) administration could affect mnemonic function and brain morphological changes following DOX administration in rats.

Short-term systemic methotrexate administration in rats induces astrogliosis and microgliosis.

Methotrexate (MTX), an antifolate drug, is widely used in chemotherapeutic protocols for metastatic and primary brain tumors and some autoimmune diseases. Its efficacy for brain tumors is limited by the high incidence of central nervous system (CNS) complications. This investigation aimed to observe the morphological effects, including astroglial and microglial responses, following systemic short-term MTX administration in adult rats.

Chemobrain in rats: Behavioral, morphological, oxidative and inflammatory effects of doxorubicin administration.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is known to cause cognitive impairments in patients submitted to long-term chemotherapy (deficits also known as chemobrain). The present study investigated whether DOX administration could affect behavior and brain morphology, as well as oxidative and inflammatory status in rats. Male Wistar rats were injected with DOX (2.

Reduced astrocytic expression of GFAP in the offspring of female rats that received hypercaloric diet.

Obesity promotes hypothalamic inflammation and local morphological changes in astrocytes, including the increased expression of the astrocytic biomarker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which is seen as a sign of neuroinflammation. This study aimed to observe the astrocytic expression of GFAP in different brain areas from female rats that received a hypercaloric (HD) or a normocaloric (ND) diet during puberty (F0 generation) as well as in their male pups (F1 generation). Female rats received highly palatable HD (Ensure®) or ND from postnatal day (PND) 23-65.

Immune and Inflammatory Response in Atopic Elite Endurance Athletes.

The present study aimed to compare the immune and inflammatory responses between atopic (n=20) and non-atopic (n=39) elite endurance athletes. Fifty-nine elite runners and triathletes were assessed for the following measurements: Th, Th and lymphocyte phenotyping and plasma levels of cortisol, chemokines, inflammatory cytokines and specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). Levels of salivary IgA, allergic symptoms and training data were also evaluated.

Compromised salivary parameters of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Objective: To evaluate the salivary parameters of individuals with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and determine if there is a correlation with the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S).

Study Design: Stimulated whole saliva was collected from children, aged 6 to 12 years, with JIA (n = 36) and compared with saliva from a control group (CG) composed of healthy children matched by demographic characteristics (n = 36). Salivary parameters evaluated were amylase and peroxidase activities, calcium, phosphate, and total sialic acid concentration.

Salivary flow rate and biochemical composition analysis in stimulated whole saliva of children with cystic fibrosis.

Objective: It is recognized that cystic fibrosis (CF) patients present a risk for oral diseases, since it affects exocrine glands, and the treatment consists of a carbohydrate-rich diet. Recognizing the protective function of saliva on maintaining oral health, the aim of the study was to evaluate salivary parameters in stimulated whole saliva from children with CF.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted comparing stimulated whole saliva of healthy (n=28; control group) and CF children (n=21; experimental group).

Photodynamic therapy in pediatric dentistry.

Conservation of deciduous teeth with pulp alterations caused by caries and trauma is a major therapeutic challenge in pediatric dentistry as a result of the internal anatomy and life cycle characteristic. It is essential that the root canal procedures sanitizers have a performance in eliminating bacterial. In this context, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PAT) is promising and emerging as adjuvant therapy in an attempt to eliminate the microorganisms persistent to chemi-mechanical preparation.

Effects of propentofylline on CNS remyelination in the rat brainstem.

Propentofylline (PPF) is a xanthine derivative with pharmacological effects distinct from those of the classical methylxanthines. It depresses activation of microglial cells and astrocytes which is associated with neuronal damage during neural inflammation and hypoxia. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether PPF had the capacity of affecting glial cells behavior during the process of demyelination and remyelination following ethidium bromide (EB) gliotoxic injury.

Comparison of debris extruded apically and working time used by ProTaper Universal rotary and ProTaper retreatment system during gutta-percha removal.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro action of ProTaper retreatment files and ProTaper Universal in the retreatment of mandibular premolars.

Material And Methods: The amount of debris extruded apically was measured and the time to reach the working length and to complete the removal of gutta-percha was observed. Thirty teeth had their canals prepared using ProTaper Universal files and were obturated by the single cone technique.

Behavioral and physiological changes in children with Down syndrome using mechanical and chemomechanical (Carisolv) caries removal methods.

This study compared behavioral and physiological changes during caries removal in children with Down syndrome when using a chemomechanical caries removal technique (Carisolv) and a conventional method of caries removal. Twenty children (ASA class 1) between 5 and 12 years of age participated in the study; 10 subjects had Down syndrome and 10 were healthy controls. The behavioral and physiological assessments were carried out during five stages of dental treatment: (1) 5 minutes before local anesthesia; (2) during local anesthesia; (3) during caries removal; (4) immediately after restoration; and (5) 5 minutes after the end of the treatment.

Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of four medicaments used as intracanal medication.

The aim of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of iodoform, calcium hydroxide, IKI (iodine potassium iodine) and CFC (ciprofloxacin, Flagyl (metronidazole) and calcium hydroxide) required to kill S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and B. fragilis.

Amylase and peroxidase activities and sialic acid concentration in saliva of adolescents with cerebral palsy.

Objective: To evaluate the flow rate, amylase and peroxidase activities, and total protein and sialic acid concentrations in saliva of adolescents with cerebral palsy.

Method And Materials: The saliva of 24 adolescents with cerebral palsy was compared with that of 18 adolescents without cerebral palsy, all aged around 12 years, 2 months. The whole saliva was collected under slight suction and frozen at -80 degrees C.

Oral conditions in children with cerebral palsy.

Purpose: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a major severe childhood disability and its prevalence is increasing, particularly among premature low-weight newborns. The oral conditions observed demonstrate the need for home and professional care for these individuals. This study aimed to investigate dental caries, plaque index, time of eruption, malocclusion, bruxism and motor oral skills in a group of 62 CP children (study group).

Risk factors for dental caries in children with cerebral palsy.

This study was conducted to examine the oral condition and the salivary and microbiological parameters associated with dental caries in 62 children with cerebral palsy, who came from households of low socioeconomic status (Study Group). This group had mixed (6 to 11 years old) and permanent (11 to 16 years old) dentition. Dental examinations were performed to measure dental caries, plaque index, salivary levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli, salivary flow rate, pH of stimulated saliva, and buffer capacity of saliva.