Solitude as an Approach to Affective Self-Regulation.

In this research, we showed that solitude generally has a deactivation effect on people's affective experiences, decreasing both positive and negative high-arousal affects. In Study 1, we found that the deactivation effect occurred when people were alone, but not when they were with another person. Study 2 showed that this deactivation effect did not depend on whether or not the person was engaged in an activity such as reading when alone.

Multimodal imaging of small hard retinal drusen in young healthy adults.

Background: Small hard macular drusen can be observed in the retina of adults as young as 18 years of age. Here, we seek to describe the in vivo topography and geometry of these drusen.

Methods: Retinal images were acquired in young, healthy adults using colour fundus photography, spectral domain optic coherence tomography (SD-OCT), reflectance flood-illuminated adaptive optic ophthalmoscopy (AO flood) and reflectance adaptive optic scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) in both confocal and non-confocal split-detection modalities.

Like an extended family: Relationships that emerge when older caregivers use written messages to communicate in an ICT-based healthcare service.

Objective: To explore the relationships that emerge amongst caregivers of persons with dementia and stroke when caregivers use written messages as their communication tool in a closed information and communication technology (ICT)-based support group.

Methods: An explorative design with a qualitative approach was used that applied systematic text condensation (STC) to analyse 173 written messages extracted from a web forum.

Results: Empathetic, empowering and familiar relationships emerged amongst peers of older caregivers when the caregivers used written messages as their communication tool.

Sociodemographic factors modulate the spatial response of brown bears to vacancies created by hunting.

There is a growing recognition of the importance of indirect effects from hunting on wildlife populations, e.g. social and behavioural changes due to harvest, which occur after the initial offtake.

Transforming identity through participation in music and theatre: exploring narratives of people with mental health problems.

Background: There is a growing understanding that mental health problems and prolonged contact with mental healthcare systems can affect people's identities. Working with identity is an important element in mental health recovery.

Purpose: In this article, we explore the significance of participation in a music and theatre workshop in terms of people`s experiences of identity.

The genetics of congenital aniridia-a guide for the ophthalmologist.

Congenital aniridia is a rare panocular disease caused by fundamental disturbances in the development of the eye, characterized primarily by hypoplasia of the iris and macula. Severe secondary complications such as keratopathy, cataract, and glaucoma are common and often lead to considerable visual impairment or blindness. Many complications in aniridia patients are difficult to treat and present a challenge for the ophthalmologist.

Midwives' experiences of caring for pregnant women admitted to Ebola centres in Sierra Leone.

Objective: to explore and describe midwives' experiences of caring for pregnant women admitted to Ebola centres in Sierra Leone.

Design: a qualitative interview study with an exploratory and descriptive approach.

Setting: individual semi-structured interviews with midwives who provided care for pregnant woman in eight different Ebola centres in Sierra Leone during the Ebola outbreak in 2014-16.

Maintaining genetic integrity of coexisting wild and domestic populations: Genetic differentiation between wild and domestic with long traditions of intentional interbreeding.

This study investigates the genetic effect of an indigenous tradition of deliberate and controlled interbreeding between wild and domestic . The results are interpreted in the context of conservation concerns and debates on the origin of domestic animals. The study is located in Northeastern Zabaĭkal'e, Russia at approximately 57 degrees North latitude.

Community treatment orders and social outcomes for patients with psychosis: a 48-month follow-up study.

Purpose: Community treatment orders (CTOs) are widely used internationally despite a lack of evidence supporting their effectiveness. Most effectiveness studies are relatively short (12-months or less) and focus on clinical symptoms and service data, while a little attention is given to patients' social outcomes and broader welfare. We tested the association between the duration of CTO intervention and patients' long-term social outcomes.

Meeting psychosocial needs for persons with dementia in home care services - a qualitative study of different perceptions and practices among health care providers.

Background: The majority of persons with dementia are home-dwelling. To enable these persons to stay in their own homes as long as possible, a holistic, individual and flexible care is recommended. Despite a requirement for meeting psychological, social and physical needs, home care services seem to focus on patients' physical needs.

Nursing students' evaluation of a new feedback and reflection tool for use in high-fidelity simulation - Formative assessment of clinical skills. A descriptive quantitative research design.

Unlabelled: Clinical skills training is an important part of nurses' education programmes. Clinical skills are complex. A common understanding of what characterizes clinical skills and learning outcomes needs to be established.

Care-managers' professional choices: ethical dilemmas and conflicting expectations.

Background: Care-managers are responsible for the public administration of individual healthcare decisions and decide on the volume and content of community healthcare services given to a population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the conflicting expectations and ethical dilemmas these professionals encounter in their daily work with patients and to discuss the clinical implications of this.

Methods: The study had a qualitative design.

Referral to cancer genetic counseling: do migrant status and patients' educational background matter?

Participation rates in cancer genetic counseling differ among populations, as patients with a lower educational background and migrant patients seem to have poorer access to it. We conducted a study to determine the present-day educational level and migrant status of counselees referred to cancer genetic counseling. We assessed personal characteristics and demographics of 731 newly referred counselees.

Herbivore grazing-or trampling? Trampling effects by a large ungulate in cold high-latitude ecosystems.

Mammalian herbivores have important top-down effects on ecological processes and landscapes by generating vegetation changes through grazing and trampling. For free-ranging herbivores on large landscapes, trampling is an important ecological factor. However, whereas grazing is widely studied, low-intensity trampling is rarely studied and quantified.

Evidence of the supercomplex organization of photosystem II and light-harvesting complexes in Nannochloropsis granulata.

Diverse light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) have been found in photosynthetic microalgae that originated from secondary endosymbiosis involving primary red algae. However, the associations between LHCs and photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) in these microalgae are not fully understood. Eustigmatophyta is a red algal lineage that appears to have a unique organization in its photosynthetic machinery, consisting of only chlorophyll a and carotenoids that are atypical compared with other closely related groups.

Compatibility of preparatory procedures for the analysis of cortisol concentrations and stable isotope (C, N) ratios: a test on brown bear hair.

The measurement of naturally occurring glucocorticoids and stable isotopes of several elements has gained importance in wildlife studies in recent decades and opened a myriad of ecological applications. Cortisol and stable isotopes equilibrate in animal tissues over periods of integration related to the growth rate of the tissue, providing information reflecting systemic cortisol secretion and dietary intake. Sample preparation shares the common step of first cleaning the sample of external contamination.

The influence of permanently submerged macrophytes on sediment mercury distribution, mobility and methylation potential in a brackish Norwegian fjord.

Macrophytes are shown to affect the microbial activity in different aqueous environments, with an altering of the sediment cycling of mercury (Hg) as a potential effect. Here, we investigated how a meadow with permanently submerged macrophytes in a contaminated brackish fjord in southern Norway influenced the conditions for sulfate reducing microbial activity, the methyl-Hg (MeHg) production and the availability of MeHg. Historically discharged Hg from a chlor-alkali plant (60-80tons, 1947-1987) was evident through high Hg concentrations (491mgTot-Hgkg, 268μgMeHgkg) in intermediate sediment depths (10-20cm) outside of the meadow, with reduced concentrations within the meadow.

Capacity to reduce inequities in health in Norwegian municipalities.

Aims: One of the goals of the Norwegian Public Health Act is to reduce health inequities. The act mandates the implementation of policies and measures with municipalities and county municipalities to accomplish this goal. The article explores the prerequisites for municipal capacity to reduce health inequities and how the capacity is built and sustained.

Improving GP communication in consultations on medically unexplained symptoms: a qualitative interview study with patients in primary care.

Background: Many GPs find the care of patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) challenging. Patients themselves are often not satisfied with the care they receive.

Aim: To explore the problems patients with MUS experience in communication during consultations, with the aim of improving such consultations DESIGN AND SETTING: A qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews.

Directive and nondirective social support in the workplace - is this social support distinction important for subjective health complaints, job satisfaction, and perception of job demands and job control?

Aims: Social support is associated with well-being and positive health outcomes. However, positive outcomes of social support might be more dependent on the way support is provided than the amount of support received. A distinction can be made between directive social support, where the provider resumes responsibility, and nondirective social support, where the receiver has the control.

Cancer and its impact on work among the self-employed: A need to bridge the knowledge gap.

Self-employment-the so-called flexible layer of the economy-has gained importance following the 2007-2008 global economic and financial crisis. In Europe, the self-employed now comprise on average 15% of workers [Eurostat, Labour market and Labour force survey (LFS) statistics, 2016]. Around one-third of self-employed people also provide jobs for others [European Commission, Fact Sheet.

Hip and knee arthroplasty - patient's experiences of pain and rehabilitation after discharge from hospital.

Background: Fast-track clinical pathways for hip and knee arthroplasty is being implemented in several western countries. The treatment entails patient involvement, optimal pain management, intensive mobilization and early discharge. Limited research has been carried out on patient's experiences after discharge.

Motivational Mechanisms in the Relation between Job Characteristics and Employee Functioning.

This study investigates the job demands-resources (JD-R) model in relation to work motivation in a self-determination theory (SDT) perspective, with the purpose of developing a model where social-contextual factors are seen in relation to psychological needs in order to explain autonomous work motivation and, in turn, self-reported work performance and somatic symptom burden. SEM-analyses of cross-sectional survey data including 405 waiters/waitresses in Norway were conducted to evaluate the hypothesized model. Results indicate that different job resources have different relations to psychological need satisfaction, and that certain types of job demands (i.

Effect of a physical activity intervention on suPAR levels: A randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a novel inflammatory marker, associated with lifestyle diseases and mortality risk. No studies have investigated whether physical activity may reduce suPAR levels using a randomized controlled design.

Design And Methods: suPAR and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were determined in blood samples from a previous randomized controlled trial with Pakistani immigrants in Norway, 2008.