Exploring Gonadal Functions in Patients With Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Correlative Analysis With Disease Severity.

Background and objective Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) encompasses a spectrum of liver conditions caused by excessive alcohol consumption, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Both phenotypical and biochemical changes in gonadal hormones are observed across these stages. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, biochemical, and hormonal abnormalities in patients with varying degrees of ALD and to assess their correlation with disease severity.

Caffey disease in an infant.

A previously healthy female infant was brought to the paediatrics outpatient department by her mother reporting increased irritability and swelling behind her left shoulder, accompanied by restricted movement in her left arm. The irritability had been present for the past 5 months, with swelling also noticed at that time, gradually increasing in size. On examination, a large, firm, immobile mass was detected on the left scapular region.

Expression of Immune Checkpoint Regulator Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and Programmed Cell Death Protein Ligand 1 (PD-L1) in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Breast.

Despite significant advancement in the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of breast carcinoma, the prognosis remains dismal. Recently, with advances in its understanding, various immune system-based management strategies have been developed. CTLA-4 suppresses lymphocyte reactivity, IL-2 secretion, and IL-2 receptor expression and triggers cell cycle arrest.

Diagnosis and management of subungual and periungual verruca: A clinical review.

Nail unit verruca is the most common nail tumor encountered in clinical practice and may be highly distressing to patients due to reduced functionality, cosmesis, and stigmatization. Subungual and periungual verrucae present a challenge for treatment compared to cutaneous warts of other sites and recurrence rates are high. The risk of spread to other skin and mucosal areas inherent to all warts may be increased given location on the fingertips.

Amend the Mental Health Care Act 2017: A Survey of Indian Psychiatrists (Paper 1).

Aim: This paper highlights the difficulties and lacunae in the Mental Health Care Act 2017 that hinder its implementation and use for the care and treatment of persons with mental illness in India.

Methods: An online nationwide survey, involving structured questions as well as open-ended questions, to elicit the level of implementation, experience in complying with the provisions of the Act, and level of satisfaction, of practicing psychiatrists was carried out. Responses were analyzed using appropriate statistics.

Furcuncular Myiasis of the Scalp Caused by Chrysomya bezziana.

We report a rare case of furuncular myiasis in a 7-year-old boy presenting with a discharging nodule over the scalp. The report details the clinical presentation, examination findings, and dermoscopic features of furuncular myiasis. To the best of our knowledge, Chrysomya bezziana has never been reported to cause furuncular myiasis.

Reliability and Validity of Hindi Version of the Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) for Diagnosis of Delirium: A Cohort Study.

Background: The confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU) is a bedside tool to diagnose delirium in critically ill patients. This study aims to determine the reliability and validity of the Hindi version of CAM-ICU against the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), fourth edition text revision (DSM-IV-TR), and DSM, fifth edition (DSM-5) criteria for diagnosis of delirium.

Methods: Seventy-five Hindi-speaking consenting patients ≥18-year-old with Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale ≥-3 and an anticipated ICU stay > 48 hours were included.

Efficacy of Sentinel Cerebral Embolic Protection Device in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Propensity Score-Matched Studies.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is frequently associated with stroke due to debris embolization. Although the risk of stroke with newer-generation devices is lower, stroke still represents a significant cause of mortality and morbidity post-TAVR. The Sentinel cerebral embolic protection device (CEPD) is a dual-embolic filter device designed to capture debris dislodged during TAVR.

Delphi Consensus Statement on the Role of Probiotics in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis.

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by intense itching and recurrent eczematous lesions. Important factors in the etiopathogenesis of AD include genetic predisposition, epidermal barrier dysfunction, immune dysregulation, and gut and skin dysbiosis. Probiotics could be a potential preventive strategy for allergies including AD through immune system modulation as well as enhancement of the epithelial barrier integrity.

Occlusive Tight Strapping for Tracheostomy Decannulation; Is it Safe?

Decannulation following tracheostomy is an important transition. Subcutaneous emphysema (SE) following decannulation has been rarely reported. We, herein, report a case of massive subcutaneous emphysema following decannulation of a short-term tracheostomy, discuss the various decannulation methods and causes of SE.

Correlation of serum Adenosine Deaminase levels with microbiological parameters in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Accurate diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is largely based on sputum smear microscopy, culture, and GeneXpert MTB/RIF tests; culture being the gold standard. All these diagnostic tests require sputum sample to be positive for , while many active TB patients often do not present with positive sputum. Biochemical markers play an important role in early diagnosis, disease prevention, and drug response in tuberculosis.

Challenges of biomedical research collaboration in India: Perceptions of Indian and international researchers.

Biomedical research collaborations are to be contextualized in the larger global health agenda which also opens up new information pathways, expands research networks, and brings additional resources. A qualitative inquiry was employed to understand the perceived benefits and challenges of research collaborations by biomedical scientists from India (Global South [GS] country) and the Global North (GN). In-depth interviews were conducted with 47 biomedical scientists from India and 06 from the GN.

Techniques of detecting recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in patients undergoing thyroid surgery: Pearls and pitfalls.

Though permanent vocal cord palsy consequent to recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury is rare following thyroidectomies, its consequences are grave enough for it to be the most feared complication postoperatively. Anesthesiologists and surgeons take various precautions to prevent its occurrence and employ various methods for its early detection. They include direct visualization of the nerve intraoperatively, use of intraoperative nerve monitoring, and post-extubation visualization of vocal cord mobility by use of direct or indirect methods.

Non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and obstructive sleep apnoea.

Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathies (AIONs) are a common cause of permanent visual loss in the elderly population. The non-arteritic subtype has been intensively studied. While systemic associations such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus are commonly recognized and treated, others such as obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are largely overlooked in daily practice.