Determining the role of statins in Parkinson's disease risk reduction and disease modification: A comprehensive meta-analysis of 4 million participants' data.

Background: Many observational studies have examined the association between statins and the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) in high-risk populations. On the other hand, clinical trials as well as other observational studies investigated the safety and efficacy of statins in slowing disease progression in PD patients. However, the evidence has been inconclusive in both questions.

One-pot synthesis, spectral characterization, biological evaluation, molecular docking studies and in silico ADME/Tox profiling of new 2,4,5 triaryl imidazole derivatives as anti tubercular agents.

Background: Tuberculosis still looms large on the global epidemiological radar and warrants continuous effort in the direction of developing new anti TB drugs to battle evolving resistance mechanisms of the causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Methods: In the present paper, synthesis of n has been attempted. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by H-NMR, C-NMR, IR and Mass spectroscopy.

Synthesis, Antifungal Ergosterol Inhibition, Antibiofilm Activities, and Molecular Docking on β-Tubulin and Sterol 14-Alpha Demethylase along with DFT-Based Quantum Mechanical Calculation of Pyrazole Containing Fused Pyridine-Pyrimidine Derivatives.

Multidrug-resistant fungal infections have become much more common in recent years, especially in immune-compromised patients. Therefore, researchers and pharmaceutical professionals have focused on the development of novel antifungal agents that can tackle the problem of resistance. In continuation to this, a novel series of pyrazole-bearing pyrido[2,3-]pyrimidine-2,4(1,3)-dione derivatives (-) have been developed.

Driven Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nano Material Its Characterization and Biomedical Applications.

The current study demonstrates a sophisticated and environmentally friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) for a range of biological and environmental applications using as a bio-source. At the nanometer scale, a simple aqueous extract from was used to convert Zn into stable elemental zinc (Zn). With an average size of 45.

Metformin-Derived Water-Soluble Cobalt Complexes: Thermal, Spectroscopic, DNA Interaction, and Molecular Docking Studies.

Novel three water-soluble cobalt (II) complexes of type [Co(metf)(o-phen)]Cl (1), [Co(metf)(opda)]Cl (2), and [Co(metf)(2-2'bipy)]Cl (3) (Metf, metformin; o-phen, ortho-phenanthroline; opda, ortho-phenylenediamine; 2,2'-bipy, 2,2'-bipyridine) were synthesized and characterized by various analytical and spectral techniques. Based on these studies, octahedral geometry is assigned to these complexes. The stability of the complexes has been calculated from quantum chemical parameters using HOMO-LUMO energies.

Nickel-Metformin Ternary Complexes: Geometrical, Thermal, DNA Binding, and Molecular Docking Studies.

Novel three nickel(II) complexes of type [Ni(metf)(o-phen)]Cl (1), [Ni(metf)(opda)]Cl (2), [Ni(metf)(2-2'bipy)]Cl (3), (Metf = metformin, o-phen = ortho-phenanthroline, opda = ortho-phenylenediamine, 2-2' bipy = 2-2' bipyridyl) were synthesized and characterized by various analytical and spectral techniques. Based on these studies, octahedral geometry is assigned to these complexes. The DNA binding properties of these complexes were investigated by absorption, emission, and viscosity studies.

Bringing Real-World Microbiology Experiences to Undergraduate Students in Resource-Limited Environments.

Undergraduate microbiology curriculum should be amenable to periodic changes to incorporate new developments and ideas. The curriculum should be used not merely as a way to disseminate facts but also as a way to allow students to experience the process of science. In the context of undergraduate microbiology education in Osmania University (Hyderabad, India), existing curriculum does not explicitly allow students to engage in deeper understanding of concepts and understanding of the process of science, both in lecture and laboratory courses.

Predictors of Three-month Hospital Readmissions and Mortality in Patients with Cirrhosis of Liver.

Background: The rate of readmission to the hospital and mortality within 3 months is used as a quality measure for hospitalized patients with advanced liver disease; however, the topic has not been studied adequately under Indian context.

Materials And Methods: This study was a longitudinal study conducted from March 2017 to March 2018. Patients admitted with liver cirrhosis at inpatient hepatology service in Tertiary Health Care Centre, Mysore, India, were included for the study.

Biochemical and histopathological evaluation of AlO nanomaterials in kidney of Wistar rats.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the response of kidneys in Wistar rats following long-term exposure to AlO nanomaterials (NMs). To achieve this objective, AlO of three different sizes (30 nm, 40 nm and bulk) was orally administered for 28 days to 9 groups of 10 Wistar rats each at the dose of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg/rat. A tenth group of 10 rats received distilled water and served as control.

A comparison of poly-ethylene-glycol-coated and uncoated gold nanoparticle-mediated hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in Sprague Dawley rats.

Background: Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and their functional derivatives are of great interest because of their many biomedical applications. GNPs are increasingly being incorporated into new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in medicine. Consequently, there has been a strong push to fully understand their interactions with blood components.

Copper-metformin ternary complexes: Thermal, photochemosensitivity and molecular docking studies.

The copper(II) complexes [Cu(Cl)(met)(o-phen)] (1), [Cu(Cl)(met)(en)] (2) and [Cu(Cl)(met)(opda)] (3) (met = metformin, o-phen = ortho-phenanthroline, en = ethylenediamine, opda = ortho-phenylenediamine) were synthesized and characterized by LC-MS, elemental analysis, molar conductance, thermal analysis, infrared spectra, magnetic moment, electronic spectra and XRD studies. The metal center was found in an octahedral geometry. The activation thermodynamic properties were calculated using Coats-Redfern method.

1,2,3-Triazole Tagged 3H-Pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate Derivatives: Synthesis, in Vitro Cytotoxicity, Molecular Docking and DNA Interaction Studies.

A series of novel ethyl 2,7-dimethyl-4-oxo-3-[(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-3H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate derivatives 7a - 7m were efficiently synthesized employing click chemistry approach and evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activity against four tumor cell lines: A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma cell line), HepG2 (human hematoma), MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), and SKOV3 (human ovarian carcinoma cell line). Among the compounds tested, the compounds 7a, 7b, 7f, 7l, and 7m have shown potential and selective activity against human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) with IC ranging from 0.69 to 6.

Toxicity Evaluation of Graphene Oxide in Kidneys of Sprague-Dawley Rats.

Recently, graphene and graphene-related materials have attracted a great deal of attention due their unique physical, chemical, and biocompatibility properties and to their applications in biotechnology and medicine. However, the reports on the potential toxicity of graphene oxide (GO) in biological systems are very few. The present study investigated the response of kidneys in male Sprague-Dawley rats following exposure to 0, 10, 20 and 40 mg/Kg GO for five days.

Hepatotoxicity and Ultra Structural Changes in Wistar Rats treated with AlO Nanomaterials.

The present study was designed to evaluate the hepatotoxicity of aluminium oxide (AlO). To achieve this objective, AlO of three different sizes (30nm, 40nm and bulk) was orally administered for 28 days to 9 groups of 10 Wistar rats each, at the dose of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/Kg/rat. A tenth group of 10 rats received distilled water and served as control.

A disulfide-bond cascade mechanism for arsenic(III) S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase.

Methylation of the toxic metalloid arsenic is widespread in nature. Members of every kingdom have arsenic(III) S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) methyltransferase enzymes, which are termed ArsM in microbes and AS3MT in animals, including humans. Trivalent arsenic(III) is methylated up to three times to form methylarsenite [MAs(III)], dimethylarsenite [DMAs(III)] and the volatile trimethylarsine [TMAs(III)].

Starvation induced cholesterogenesis in hepatic and extra hepatic tissues of climbing Perch, Anabas testudineus (Bloch).

Cholesterol is a structural lipid, which may be differentially utilized or synthesized in response to stress or during insulin deficient states such as starvation. In the present investigation we estimated the levels of cholesterol in Anabas testudineus, which was subjected to brief (15 days) and prolonged fasting (60 days). Tissues such as liver, kidney, brain, accessory respiratory organ, pectoral and lateral line muscle were selected for the study.

Facile and efficient one-pot synthesis of benzimidazoles using lanthanum chloride.

Background: We report the synthesis of benzimidazoles using lanthanum chloride as an efficient catalyst. One-pot synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives from o-phenylenediamine and a variety of aldehydes were developed under mild reaction conditions.

Results: We have examined the effect of different solvents using the same reaction conditions.

Clinical relevance of vitamin C among lead-exposed infertile men.

Aims And Objectives: A cross-sectional study was designed by targeting 120 male workers occupationally exposed to lead from a battery-manufacturing industry situated at the Patancheru industrial area, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India, to see the impact of lead on testicular dysfunction with reference to infertility. Further, the study was designed to see the in vivo effect of an antioxidant in the form of vitamin C, prophylactically administered at the dose of 1000 mg/day for five consecutive days in a week for 3 months.

Methodology: Blood samples and semen samples were collected from 120 men in the study group exposed to lead, and 120 healthy human subjects, who have no history of exposures to chemicals, were selected as controls for comparison.

Effect of benzene exposure on fertility of male workers employed in bulk drug industries.

Aims And Objectives: Industrial workers are constantly exposed to benzene, especially at the production unit. The present investigation explores any association of the outcome of various reproductive malfunctions in terms of infertility and other related factors as a result of benzene exposure.

Methodology: Blood and semen samples were collected from total 160 industrial workers exposed to benzene and 200 nonoccupationally exposed control subjects.

In vitro Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of the Seed Extract of Embelia Ribes.

Antifungal activity of Embelia ribes was evaluated on eight different fungal species by employing various concentrations of seed extract (0.5-2.0 mg).

Design, synthesis, and discovery of novel non-peptide inhibitor of Caspase-3 using ligand based and structure based virtual screening approach.

Caspase-3 belonging to a family of cysteine proteases is main executioner of apoptotic cascade pathway. The inhibitors of this protein are useful in the treatment of cardiomyopathy and neurodegenerative diseases. For the discovery of novel Caspase-3 non-peptide inhibitors from Maybridge database, ligand based and structure based virtual screening methods were used.

Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of 3d transition metal complexes of a biambidentate ligand containing quinoxaline moiety.

A new series of oxovanadium(IV), chromium(III), manganese(II), iron(III), cobalt(II), nickel(II), and copper(II) complexes of the 3-hydrazino quinoxaline-2-one (HQO) were prepared and characterized. The ligand exhibits biambidenticity. It behaves as a bidentate ON donor in oxovanadium(IV), iron(III) and copper(II) complexes and as a bis bidentate ONNN donor in chromium(III), manganese(II), cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes.

Protective effects of Echinacea on cyproterone acetate induced liver damage in male rats.

The study was planed to evaluate the effect of Echinacea (E.) on liver toxicity in rats treated with Cyproterone Acetate (CA). Rats were divided into 5 groups treated for 2 and 4 weeks, 1-control 2- Echinacea (63 mg/kg/day), 3-CA (25 mg/kg/day), 4-E.

Distribution of radionuclides in soil samples from a petrified wood forest in El-Qattamia, Cairo, Egypt.

The concentrations and distribution of radionuclides in a petrified wood forest in El-Qattamia have been determined using high-resolution gamma spectrometry to evaluate the environmental radioactivity. The mean activity concentrations of (238)U, (232)Th and (40)K were 65.26+/-12.