Artificial intelligence and radiologists in prostate cancer detection on MRI (PI-CAI): an international, paired, non-inferiority, confirmatory study.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) systems can potentially aid the diagnostic pathway of prostate cancer by alleviating the increasing workload, preventing overdiagnosis, and reducing the dependence on experienced radiologists. We aimed to investigate the performance of AI systems at detecting clinically significant prostate cancer on MRI in comparison with radiologists using the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS 2.

[F]FDG PET/CT Signal Correlates with Neoangiogenesis Markers in Patients with Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease Who Underwent Lung Biopsy: Implication for the Use of PET/CT in Diffuse Lung Diseases.

The use of [F]FDG PET/CT as a biomarker in diffuse lung diseases is increasingly recognized. We investigated the correlation between [F]FDG uptake with histologic markers on lung biopsy of patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease (fILD). We recruited 18 patients with fILD awaiting lung biopsy for [F]FDG PET/CT.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Targeted Biopsies Compared to Transperineal Mapping Biopsies Before Focal Ablation in Localised and Metastatic Recurrent Prostate Cancer After Radiotherapy.

Background: Recurrent prostate cancer after radiotherapy occurs in one in five patients. The efficacy of prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in recurrent cancer has not been established. Furthermore, high-quality data on new minimally invasive salvage focal ablative treatments are needed.

Characterization of a Subset of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis for Whom Current Management Strategies are Inadequate.

Objective: A subset of patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) do not mount a C-reactive protein (CRP) response during flares. We hypothesize that these patients are more likely to experience poor clinical care and less likely to respond to traditional therapy. This study questioned whether this presentation was associated with worse disease outcome and distinct immunological features.

Consistent Biopsy Quality and Gleason Grading Within the Global Active Surveillance Global Action Plan 3 Initiative: A Prerequisite for Future Studies.

Within the Movember Foundation's Global Action Plan Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance (GAP3) initiative, 25 centers across the globe collaborate to standardize active surveillance (AS) protocols for men with low-risk prostate cancer (PCa). A centralized PCa AS database, comprising data of more than 15000 patients worldwide, was created. Comparability of the histopathology between the different cohorts was assessed by a centralized pathology review of 445 biopsies from 15 GAP3 centers.

A multicentre randomised controlled trial assessing whether MRI-targeted biopsy is non-inferior to standard transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy for the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer in men without prior biopsy: a study protocol.

Introduction: The classical pathway for the diagnosis of prostate cancer is transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) biopsy of the prostate initiated on the basis of a raised prostate-specific antigen (PSA). An alternative pathway is to perform multi-parametricMRI (MPMRI) to localise cancer and to use this information to influence the decision for, and conduct of, a subsequent biopsy, known as an MPMRI-targeted biopsy. An MPMRI pathway has been shown to detect a similar or greater amount of clinically significant cancer as TRUS biopsy but has several advantages, including the potential to biopsy fewer men with fewer cores.

Pre-biopsy MRI as an adjunct for cancer detection in men with elevated PSA and no previous biopsy.

The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prior to biopsy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in biopsy-naïve patients has been strengthened by recent developments such as the PIRADS V2 criteria, which cover acquisition, interpretation, and reporting for clinical practice and data collection for research. Important questions on the role of prostate MRI remain: can MRI be used as a triage test before first biopsy series? Can it be used to avoid the use of systematic biopsies (SB) and instead use only targeted biopsies (TB) to MRI-suspicious lesions? Studies to evaluate image guided TB compared to SB have started to accumulate. Objectives of these studies should be to reduce the detection of clinically insignificant disease, to maximize the detection of clinically significant cancer (CSC), to better assess disease size, grade and location.

Exercise in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease.

There is increasing evidence that exercise may improve symptoms in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aims to explore issues that clinicians may need to consider when giving advice on exercise to such individuals. Limited existing evidence suggests that low to moderate physical activity may improve symptoms without any adverse effects in individuals with IBD.

Early outcome following endovascular repair of pararenal aortic aneurysms: triple- versus double- or single-fenestrated stent-grafts.

Purpose: To review the early outcome following endovascular repair of pararenal aortic aneurysm using fenestrated stent-grafts and to determine if the number of fenestrations required is predicative of outcome.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 20 consecutive patients (18 men; mean age of 75 ± 7 years) treated with stent-grafts containing either ≤ 2 fenestrations (n = 10, group 1) or 3 fenestrations (n = 10, group 2). Target vessels also included those accommodated by a scallop (renal artery or superior mesenteric artery in group 1 and the celiac artery in group 2).

Preloaded fenestrated stent-grafts for the treatment of juxtarenal aortic aneurysms.

Purpose: To describe a novel technique for target vessel catheterization in patients with juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms requiring treatment with fenestrated stent-grafts (FSG).

Methods: The standard FSG design was modified, substituting a thin-wall tube for the solid central obturator that serves as both an attachment point for the distal end of the graft as well as a top cap retriever. Through this tube, two 0.

Techniques for supra-aortic trunk preservation in thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair.

Stent graft placement for aneurysmal disease of the aortic arch and proximal descending aorta is limited by the need to preserve flow to the supra-aortic trunks. Whilst extra-anatomical bypass and procedures combining open and endovascular arch repair are currently used in this setting, less invasive totally endovascular solutions have been described. These include in-situ fenestration of a thoracic stent graft using a retrograde approach from the target vessel to the lumen of the main device, to which it is connected by a smaller covered stent.

Ready-to-fenestrate stent grafts in the treatment of juxtarenal aortic aneurysms: proposal for an off-the-shelf device.

Objective: A prototype ready-to-fenestrate stent graft (RFSG) was designed with a fixed scallop, and eight potential fenestrations allowing for variation in the position of each renal artery (RA) relative to the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). We aimed to determine the proportion of juxtarenal aneurysms treatable using this potentially 'off-the-shelf' device.

Methods: A total of 439 consecutive orders for custom-made devices were analysed, and positions for potential fenestrations in the RFSG were determined, based on the most frequent anatomical target vessel variations: a fixed SMA scallop 12 mm deep at 12:00, RA fenestrations at 9:15, 10:15 (target within the range 8:45-10:45), 2:15 and 3:15 (target within the range 1:45-3:45), each either 19 or 28 mm from the graft edge (GE); (within the range 15-32 mm), and 6 x 8 mm in diameter.

What is the natural history of 18F-FDG uptake in arterial atheroma on PET/CT? Implications for imaging the vulnerable plaque.

Purpose: Increased uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) in atherosclerotic plaque on Positron Emission Tomography (PET), predicts vulnerability. Recent studies have shown that the PET signal is reproducible over a 2-week period and as a result drug trials are underway. However, the natural history of these lesions is unknown.

In situ fenestration in the aortic arch.

In situ fenestration of aortic stent grafts has the potential to allow for continued perfusion of supra-aortic trunks, without the need for extra-anatomic bypass, and without the need for custom-made devices. Angulation of the target vessel relative to the arch is an obstacle to success with this technique. In this report, we describe a case of successful in situ fenestration of the left subclavian artery (LSA) in a patient with an aortic arch aneurysm, treated with an endovascular stent graft.