Indium-111-labeled polyclonal human immunoglobulin: identifying focal infection in patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus.

Pooled human immunoglobulin labeled with indium-111 (111In-HIgG) was used to identify the presence and extent of infection in patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), presenting with either symptoms and/or signs of acute chest infection or with pyrexia without localizing signs or symptoms. Fifty-five studies were performed in 51 patients with suspected chest infection or pyrexia without localizing signs. Of these, 111In-HIgG identified intrapulmonary accumulation in 17 patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, eight with bacterial pneumonia, five with cytomegalovirus pneumonia, three with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infection and one with a fungal pneumonia.

Slow ('resting') forms of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase consist of two kinetically distinct conformations of the binuclear CuB/a3 centre--relevance to the mechanism of proton translocation.

We have purified slow ('resting') cytochrome oxidase from bovine heart, free of contamination with fast ('pulsed') enzyme. This form of the enzyme shows two kinetic phases of reduction of haem a3 by dithionite (k = 0.020 +/- 0.

Preoperative morphine pre-empts postoperative pain.

Postoperative analgesia is usually inadequate, perhaps because conventional approaches to pain relief do not take account of underlying mechanisms. Pre-emptive analgesia may prevent nociceptive inputs generated during surgery from sensitising central neurons and, therefore, may reduce postoperative pain. In a randomised, double-blind study, we compared the effect of parenteral morphine when given before or after total abdominal hysterectomy in 60 patients.

Near-infrared spectroscopy in asphyxial brain injury.

Near-infrared spectroscopy is capable of providing noninvasive quantification of several important indices of cerebral hemodynamics, including cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, and its response to changing arterial carbon dioxide tension. Preliminary results in term infants following acute perinatal asphyxia suggest that cerebral blood flow and volume are elevated, and the normal control mechanisms are abolished. These hemodynamic disturbances occur prior to the later development of secondary energy failure with its poor prognosis and may allow valuable prognostic information to be obtained in the first hours after birth.

Changing patterns of respiratory disease in HIV positive patients in a referral centre in the United Kingdom between 1986-7 and 1990-1.

Background: Respiratory illness is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It has been suggested that Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is no longer the most frequent cause of respiratory disease in this group because of widespread use of prophylaxis and anti-retroviral drugs.

Methods: A retrospective comparison of the diagnoses in HIV 1 antibody positive patients with respiratory illness admitted to a major UK centre in 1986-7 and 1990-1 was carried out to identify changes in patterns of respiratory disease.

The octamer binding site in the HPV16 regulatory region produces opposite effects on gene expression in cervical and non-cervical cells.

The upstream regulatory region (URR) of the tumorigenic human papillomaviruses HPV 16 and 18 contains an octamer binding site which is located adjacent to a binding site for the ubiquitous transcription factor NFI. The octamer site binds both the constitutively expressed transcription factor Oct-1 and a novel cervical octamer binding protein. In contrast the URR of the non-tumorigenic viruses HPV6 and HPV11 lacks the octamer binding site although the adjacent NFI site is conserved.

The effect of supplementary oral nutrition in poorly nourished patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

We carried out a prospective, randomized, controlled trial to investigate the effect of a 3-month period of supplementary oral nutrition in 14 poorly nourished outpatients with COPD. Seven patients were randomized into Group 1 who received their normal diet during Months 1 to 3, a supplemented diet during Months 4 to 6, and their original normal diet during Months 7 to 9. The other 7 patients received their normal diet for the entire 9-month study period (Group 2).

Lysis of CD3 hybridoma targets by cloned human CD4 lymphocytes.

UCHT1, a CD3-producing hybridoma, is lysed by cloned human T cells of both CD4 and CD8 phenotypes. The lysis is specific for the CD3 receptor and is mediated by 90% or more of all T cells from blood, without evidence for a subset of CD4 T cells incapable of cytotoxicity. CD4 clones characterized as 'helper' cells by in vitro help for specific antibody production by B cells also lysed CD3 targets.

Protein synthesis in liver, skeletal muscle, and brown adipose tissue of rats fed a protein-deficient diet.

Feeding protein-deficient diets to rats is known to stimulate diet-induced thermogenesis and activate brown adipose tissue (BAT). The fact that BAT protein content, unlike that of other tissues, is unnaffected by protein deficiency prompted us to measure tissue protein synthesis in vivo in animals maintained on normal- (18.8%) and low- (7.

Force, contraction frequency and energy metabolism as determinants of ischaemic muscle pain.

Ischaemic muscle pain was studied in a total of 78 experiments on 3 normal subjects. The development of pain induced by intermittent voluntary isometric contractions was recorded whilst force and frequency of contraction were varied. As the muscle progressively expends energy, pain (P) develops in an exponential fashion and can be expressed by the function P = (F x t)k/C where (F x t) is the integral of force with time, k, an exponent, and C, a constant.