582 results match your criteria: "University College London Institute of Neurology[Affiliation]"

The liver-brain axis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol

December 2024

Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK. Electronic address:

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects around 30% of the global population. Studies suggest that MASLD is associated with compromised brain health and cognitive dysfunction, initiating a growing interest in exploring the liver-brain axis mechanistically within MASLD pathophysiology. With the prevalence of MASLD increasing at an alarming rate, leaving a large proportion of people potentially at risk, cognitive dysfunction in MASLD is a health challenge that requires careful consideration and awareness.

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Plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau231) and total tau (t-tau) as prognostic markers of neurological outcome after cardiac arrest - a multicentre study.

Resuscitation

December 2024

Department of Clinical Medicine, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lund University, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden; Skåne University Hospital, Department of Intensive and Perioperative Care, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden.

Purpose: We studied the promising Alzheimer biomarker plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 231 (p-tau231) in a cohort of cardiac arrest patients who survived to intensive care to predict long-term neurological outcomes. We also compared it to total tau (t-tau), which has demonstrated predictive abilities of neurological outcome post-cardiac arrest.

Methods: This observational multicentre cohort study included 425 patients admitted to intensive care after cardiac arrest.

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Background And Purpose: This study was undertaken to compare the performance of plasma p-tau181 with that of [F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in the identification of early biological Alzheimer disease (AD).

Methods: We included 533 cognitively impaired participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Participants underwent PET scans, biofluid collection, and cognitive tests.

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Axonal damage and inflammation response are biological correlates of decline in small-world values: a cohort study in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease.

Brain Commun

October 2024

Alzheimer center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Programme Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Article Synopsis
  • * In Alzheimer's disease, these networks become more chaotic, as indicated by a drop in the small-world coefficient, a change linked to cognitive decline throughout the disease's progression.
  • * Our study examined the relationship between 10 cerebrospinal fluid protein biomarkers and small-world coefficients in Alzheimer's mutation carriers and non-carriers, finding that certain protein abnormalities indicate early changes in grey matter networks, while markers for inflammation and axonal injury correlate with declining small-world values.
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Article Synopsis
  • Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) can lead to various cerebrovascular issues, but research on sex differences in SVD is limited.
  • This study analyzed data from over 20,000 patients with acute ischemic stroke to examine whether the presence and severity of cerebral microbleeds (CMB) and other SVD markers differ between males and females.
  • Results showed that males had more frequent CMB while females had fewer lacunes but higher severe white matter hyperintensities, indicating distinct SVD characteristics based on sex.
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Overview of ADNI MRI.

Alzheimers Dement

October 2024

Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.

The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Core has been operating since Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative's (ADNI) inception, providing 20 years of data including reliable, multi-platform standardized protocols, carefully curated image data, and quantitative measures provided by expert investigators. The overarching purposes of the MRI Core include: (1) optimizing and standardizing MRI acquisition methods, which have been adopted by many multicenter studies and trials worldwide and (2) providing curated images and numeric summary values from relevant MRI sequences/contrasts to the scientific community. Over time, ADNI MRI has become increasingly complex.

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Background: Optimal secondary prevention antithrombotic therapy for patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)-associated ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, or other ischemic brain injury is undefined. The standard of care, warfarin or other vitamin K antagonists at standard or high intensity (international normalized ratio (INR) target range 2.0-3.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of BIIB078, an investigational treatment targeting the genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) linked to the C9orf72 gene mutation.
  • The trial involved 106 participants with C9orf72-associated ALS, who were randomly assigned to receive varying doses of BIIB078 or a placebo over a treatment period of three to six months.
  • Results showed that all participants experienced at least one adverse event, mostly mild or moderate, indicating that while BIIB078 did pose some risks, it did not lead to a high rate of treatment discontinuation.
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Background: Potential failing adult brain sites, stratified by risk, mediating Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) have been described, but are unknown in children.

Methods: We examined regional brain volumes using T1-weighted MRI images in 21 children with epilepsy at high SUDEP risk and 62 healthy children, together with SUDEP risk scores, calculated from focal seizure frequency. Gray matter tissue type was partitioned, maps normalized, smoothed, and compared between groups (SPM12; ANCOVA; covariates, age, sex, and BMI).

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Proteome-wide analysis identifies plasma immune regulators of amyloid-beta progression.

Brain Behav Immun

August 2024

Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address:

While immune function is known to play a mechanistic role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), whether immune proteins in peripheral circulation influence the rate of amyloid-β (Aβ) progression - a central feature of AD - remains unknown. In the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we quantified 942 immunological proteins in plasma and identified 32 (including CAT [catalase], CD36 [CD36 antigen], and KRT19 [keratin 19]) associated with rates of cortical Aβ accumulation measured with positron emission tomography (PET). Longitudinal changes in a subset of candidate proteins also predicted Aβ progression, and the mid- to late-life (20-year) trajectory of one protein, CAT, was associated with late-life Aβ-positive status in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.

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Importance: Sport-related concussion (SRC), a form of mild traumatic brain injury, is a prevalent occurrence in collision sports. There are no well-established approaches for tracking neurobiologic recovery after SRC.

Objective: To examine the levels of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light (NfL) in Australian football athletes who experience SRC.

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Molecular neuroimaging in dominantly inherited versus sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease.

Brain Commun

May 2024

Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • About 5% of Alzheimer’s patients show symptoms before they turn 65, which is called early-onset Alzheimer's disease.
  • There are two types: sporadic (happens by chance) and dominantly inherited (passed down from family).
  • This study looked at brain changes in both types and included tests on 134 sporadic cases, 89 inherited cases, and 102 people without Alzheimer’s to compare how they were affected.
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Aggregated species of amyloid-β (Aβ) are one of the pathological hallmarks in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and ligands that selectively target different Aβ deposits are of great interest. In this study, fluorescent thiophene-based ligands have been used to illustrate the features of different types of Aβ deposits found in AD brain tissue. A dual-staining protocol based on two ligands, HS-276 and LL-1, with different photophysical and binding properties, was developed and applied on brain tissue sections from patients affected by sporadic AD or familial AD associated with the mutation.

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De novo variants in FRYL are associated with developmental delay, intellectual disability, and dysmorphic features.

Am J Hum Genet

April 2024

Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address:

FRY-like transcription coactivator (FRYL) belongs to a Furry protein family that is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to humans. The functions of FRYL in mammals are largely unknown, and variants in FRYL have not previously been associated with a Mendelian disease. Here, we report fourteen individuals with heterozygous variants in FRYL who present with developmental delay, intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, and other congenital anomalies in multiple systems.

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Background: Despite the number of people living with Alzheimer disease (AD), awareness of the early stages of this condition, including mild cognitive impairment due to AD-which poses management challenges-continues to be low. To identify areas for improvement in early AD management, dementia specialists convened in a virtual roundtable meeting.

Methodology: A modified version of the nominal group technique was followed to prioritize specific topics and allow experts to provide their opinions.

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Associations between cortical lesions, optic nerve damage, and disability at the onset of multiple sclerosis: insights into neurodegenerative processes.

Mult Scler Relat Disord

March 2024

NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK. Electronic address:

Background: Multiple sclerosis cortical lesions are areas of demyelination and neuroaxonal loss. Retinal layer thickness, measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT), is an emerging biomarker of neuroaxonal loss. Studies have reported correlations between cortical lesions and retinal layer thinning in established multiple sclerosis, suggesting a shared pathophysiological process.

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Novel avenues of tau research.

Alzheimers Dement

March 2024

Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Introduction: The pace of innovation has accelerated in virtually every area of tau research in just the past few years.

Methods: In February 2022, leading international tau experts convened to share selected highlights of this work during Tau 2022, the second international tau conference co-organized and co-sponsored by the Alzheimer's Association, CurePSP, and the Rainwater Charitable Foundation.

Results: Representing academia, industry, and the philanthropic sector, presenters joined more than 1700 registered attendees from 59 countries, spanning six continents, to share recent advances and exciting new directions in tau research.

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Association of Vascular Risk Factors and CSF and Imaging Biomarkers With White Matter Hyperintensities in Former American Football Players.

Neurology

January 2024

From the VA San Diego Healthcare System (M.T.L., M.W.B., L.M.D.-W.), CA; Department of Psychiatry (M.T.L., S.J.B., M.W.B., L.M.D.-W.), University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla; Departments of Biostatistics (F.T.-Z., Y.T.), Epidemiology (R.A.), Environmental Health (M.D.M.), Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center (J.P., B.M., K.H.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (Y.T., J.B.M., M.L.A., R.A., R.C.C., R.A.S.), Boston University CTE Center; Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine; Departments of Neurology (C.H.A., D.W.D.) and Psychiatry and Psychology (J.V.W.), Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, (L.J.B.), and Neurology (W.B.B.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (C.B.), Las Vegas, NV; Department of Neurology (C.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), and UK Dementia Research Institute (H.Z.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), China; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (H.Z.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden; VA Northwest Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (E.R.P.), Seattle, WA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (E.R.P.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; Framingham Heart Study (R.A., J.B.M.); Slone Epidemiology Center (R.A.), Boston University, MA; Department of Neurosciences (S.J.B.), University of California San Diego; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory (M.J.C., A.P.L., I.K.K., M.E.S., S.B.), Departments of Psychiatry Radiology (M.E.S.), and Center for Clinical Spectroscopy (A.P.L.), Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; cBRAIN (I.K.K.), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience (J.L.C.), Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas; Banner Alzheimer's Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix; Department of Psychiatry (E.M.R.), University of Arizona, Phoenix; Arizona State University (E.M.R.), Phoenix; Translational Genomics Research Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (E.M.R.), Phoenix; and Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology (S.B.), École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, Canada.

Background And Objectives: Recent data link exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHIs) from American football with increased white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden. WMH might have unique characteristics in the context of RHI beyond vascular risk and normal aging processes. We evaluated biological correlates of WMH in former American football players, including markers of amyloid, tau, inflammation, axonal injury, neurodegeneration, and vascular health.

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Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy: Misunderstandings, Challenges, and Opportunities.

Neurology

February 2024

From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (O.D., C.E.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, Department of Neuroscience (S.S.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Department of Neurology (S.S.), Alfred Health, Melbourne; Departments of Medicine and Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital (S.S.), Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin Health (I.E.S.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute (I.E.S.), and Department of Pediatrics (I.E.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (I.E.S.), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.J.K.), University College London Institute of Neurology, United Kingdom.

The idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGE) make up a fifth of all epilepsies, but <1% of epilepsy research. This skew reflects misperceptions: diagnosis is straightforward, pathophysiology is understood, seizures are easily controlled, epilepsy is outgrown, morbidity and mortality are low, and surgical interventions are impossible. Emerging evidence reveals that patients with IGE may go undiagnosed or misdiagnosed with focal epilepsy if EEG or semiology have asymmetric or focal features.

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Approximately 5% of Alzheimer's disease cases have an early age at onset (<65 years), with 5-10% of these cases attributed to dominantly inherited mutations and the remainder considered as sporadic. The extent to which dominantly inherited and sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease overlap is unknown. In this study, we explored the clinical, cognitive and biomarker profiles of early-onset Alzheimer's disease, focusing on commonalities and distinctions between dominantly inherited and sporadic cases.

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Calcium-evoked release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles (SVs) is catalysed by SNARE proteins. The predominant view is that, at rest, complete assembly of SNARE complexes is inhibited ('clamped') by synaptotagmin and complexin molecules. Calcium binding by synaptotagmins releases this fusion clamp and triggers fast SV exocytosis.

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Hereditary transthyretin (TTR) amyloid polyneuropathy is an autosomal dominant life-threatening disorder. TTR is produced mainly by the liver but also by the choroid plexus and retinal pigment epithelium. Detailed clinical characterisation, identification of clinical red flags for misdiagnosis, and use of biomarkers enable early diagnosis and treatment.

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Biochemical consequences of mutations in Parkinson's disease.

Neural Regen Res

April 2024

Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.

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Background: Neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and total-tau protein (tau) are novel blood biomarkers of neurological injury, and may be used to predict outcomes in critical COVID-19.

Methods: A prospective multicentre cohort study of 117 consecutive and critically ill COVID-19 patients in six intensive care units (ICUs) in southern Sweden between May and November 2020. Serial NfL, GFAP and tau were analysed in relation to mortality, the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) and the physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) components of health-related quality of life at one year.

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Subcutaneous apomorphine infusion is a device-aided therapy for Parkinson's disease that can be considered when motor fluctuations become persistent and are no longer adequately controlled by oral/transdermal medication. Apomorphine infusion is less invasive than enteral levodopa, deep brain stimulation or focused ultrasound, and is often indicated even when neurosurgical approaches are contraindicated. This article aims to provide practical guidance for doctors and nurses initiating and treating patients with apomorphine infusion, and is based on both trial data and clinical experience from movement disorders specialists.

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