1,068 results match your criteria: "University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre.[Affiliation]"

Objectives: To investigate the frequency and factors associated with disease flare following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in people with inflammatory/autoimmune rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (I-RMDs).

Methods: Data from the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology Coronavirus Vaccine physician-reported registry were used. Factors associated with flare in patients with I-RMDs were investigated using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for demographic and clinical factors.

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Article Synopsis
  • Brain metastases from ovarian cancer are uncommon, and spinal cord metastases are even rarer, representing only 0.4% of all metastatic spinal cord compressions.
  • A case study involves a woman in her 70s who developed brain and spinal cord metastases during treatment for high-grade serous ovarian cancer, without any specific genetic mutations.
  • The report emphasizes the unusual nature of this case, discusses potential underlying disease mechanisms and treatment resistance, and highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing such complex conditions.
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Regional Distribution of Extracellular Volume Quantified by Cardiac CT in Aortic Stenosis: Insights Into Disease Mechanisms and Impact on Outcomes.

Circ Cardiovasc Imaging

May 2024

Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (K.P.P., P.R.S., B.S., A.S., J.J.L.Y.-S., E.C., M.M., L.J.M., J.C.M., F.P., T.A.T.).

Background: Extracellular volume fraction (ECV) is a marker for myocardial fibrosis and infiltration, can be quantified using cardiac computed tomography (ECV), and has prognostic utility in several diseases. This study aims to map out regional differences in ECV to obtain greater insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of ECV expansion and its clinical implications.

Methods: Three prospective cohorts were included: patients with aortic stenosis (AS) and coexisting AS and transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis were referred for a transcatheter aortic valve replacement and had ECG-gated CT angiography and Technetium-99m-labelled 3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid scintigraphy to differentiate between the 2 cohorts.

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High altitude residents have a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, we examined the effect of repeated overnight normobaric hypoxic exposure on glycaemic control, appetite, gut microbiota and inflammation in adults with T2DM. Thirteen adults with T2DM [glycated haemoglobin (HbA1): 61.

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Current research suggests that menstruating female athletes might be at greater risk of musculoskeletal injury in relation to hormonal changes throughout the menstrual cycle. A separate body of work suggests that spatial cognition might also fluctuate in a similar manner. Changes in spatial cognition could, in theory, be a contributing risk factor for injury, especially in fast-paced sports that require precise, millisecond accuracy in interactions with moving objects in the environment.

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Climate change and disorders of the nervous system.

Lancet Neurol

June 2024

Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; MRC International Centre for Genomic Medicine in Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.

Anthropogenic climate change is affecting people's health, including those with neurological and psychiatric diseases. Currently, making inferences about the effect of climate change on neurological and psychiatric diseases is challenging because of an overall sparsity of data, differing study methods, paucity of detail regarding disease subtypes, little consideration of the effect of individual and population genetics, and widely differing geographical locations with the potential for regional influences. However, evidence suggests that the incidence, prevalence, and severity of many nervous system conditions (eg, stroke, neurological infections, and some mental health disorders) can be affected by climate change.

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Improving explanation of motor disability with diffusion-based graph metrics at onset of the first demyelinating event.

Mult Scler

June 2024

Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.

Background: Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) does not account for all disability in multiple sclerosis.

Objective: The objective was to assess the ability of graph metrics from diffusion-based structural connectomes to explain motor function beyond conventional MRI in early demyelinating clinically isolated syndrome (CIS).

Methods: A total of 73 people with CIS underwent conventional MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging and clinical assessment within 3 months from onset.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study examined how socioeconomic factors like education, occupation, income, and deprivation influence movement behaviors in nearly 4,900 individuals aged 46, using accelerometers to track their activity over a week.
  • - Results showed that individuals with higher education levels engaged in more exercise-like activities during the week and on weekends, while those without formal qualifications demonstrated different patterns of standing and walking on weekdays versus weekends.
  • - Overall, the research highlights significant socioeconomic disparities in daily movement habits, indicating that these differences vary between weekdays and weekends, which may contribute to health inequalities.
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Radiologic Lag and Brain MRI Lesion Dynamics During Attacks in MOG Antibody-Associated Disease.

Neurology

May 2024

From the Department of Neurology and Mayo Clinic Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology (L.C., J.J.C., S.B.S.-M., V.R., J.-M.T., S.J.P., E.P.F.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Queen Square MS Centre (O.A.-M., D.C., C.H., O.C., Y.H.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London; Department of Neurology (O.A.-M., D.C., C.H., Y.H.), and Department of Neuroradiology (K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Radiology (K.N.K.), Department of Ophthalmology (J.J.C.), and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (S.J.P., E.P.F.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (A.S.L.-C.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (C.V.-S.), Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; and NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (O.C.), United Kingdom.

Background And Objectives: Knowledge of the evolution of CNS demyelinating lesions within attacks could assist diagnosis. We evaluated intra-attack lesion dynamics in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) vs multiple sclerosis (MS) and aquaporin-4 antibody seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4+NMOSD).

Methods: This retrospective observational multicenter study included consecutive patients from Mayo Clinic (USA) and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (UK).

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Cardiometabolic health in people with HIV: expert consensus review.

J Antimicrob Chemother

June 2024

Global Medical, ViiV Healthcare, 406 Blackwell Street, Suite 300, Durham, NC 27701, USA.

Objectives: To develop consensus data statements and clinical recommendations to provide guidance for improving cardiometabolic health outcomes in people with HIV based on the knowledge and experience of an international panel of experts.

Methods: A targeted literature review including 281 conference presentations, peer-reviewed articles, and background references on cardiometabolic health in adults with HIV published between January 2016 and April 2022 was conducted and used to develop draft consensus data statements. Using a modified Delphi method, an international panel of 16 experts convened in workshops and completed surveys to refine consensus data statements and generate clinical recommendations.

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Background: Post-operative infections are a common cause of morbidity following major surgery. Little is understood about how major surgery perturbs immune function leading to heightened risk of subsequent infection. Through analysis of paired blood samples obtained immediately before and 24 h following surgery, we evaluated changes in circulating immune cell phenotype and function across the first 24 h, to identify early immune changes associated with subsequent infection.

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The anti-IgE monoclonal antibody omalizumab is widely used for severe asthma. This study aimed to identify biomarkers that predict clinical improvement during 1 year of omalizumab treatment. One-year open-label Study of Mechanisms of action of Omalizumab in Severe Asthma (SoMOSA) involving 216 patients with severe (Global Initiative for Asthma step 4/5) uncontrolled atopic asthma (at least two severe exacerbations in the previous year) taking high-dose inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β-agonists with or without maintenance oral corticosteroids.

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Article Synopsis
  • Researchers are exploring the use of artificial intelligence (AI) on electrocardiograms (ECGs) to predict the risk of heart failure (HF), which traditionally relies on specific blood tests or thorough clinical assessments.
  • The study involved data from multiple cohorts, including the Yale New Haven Health System and UK Biobank, focusing on individuals without HF at the start and monitoring their hospitalization for HF over several years.
  • Results showed that a positive AI-ECG screening significantly increased the risk of developing HF, with the hazard ratios indicating a much higher risk in the UK and Brazil compared to the Yale cohort, highlighting the model's effectiveness in predicting incident HF risk.
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Background: The exact mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of myocarditis are not always understood, but there is emerging evidence to suggest that genetic factors may play a significant role.

Case Summary: Herein, we present six cases in which clinical, biochemical, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance data were consistent with myocarditis, and genetic testing subsequently revealed pathogenic filamin C (FLNC) mutations. Three patients presented with ventricular arrhythmias, two with severe biventricular dysfunction, and two suffered sudden cardiac arrest.

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Objective: To investigate (1) the current level of awareness and knowledge on Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) among Audiologists and other hearing healthcare professionals; (2) current practices in screening, diagnosis, and management of APD in children and adults across the UK; (3) professional's acceptance of APD assessment and diagnosis.

Design: An online survey was disseminated through the British Academy of Audiology and ENT UK.

Study Sample: A total of 191 hearing healthcare professionals responded to the survey.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) is a leading cause of heart failure, affecting approximately 1 in 2,500 people in developed nations, yet its impact in Tanzania is not well-documented.
  • - A study of 402 NIDCM patients in Tanzania revealed that the majority were male, with a median age of 55, and common symptoms included dyspnea and advanced heart failure, as indicated by a low average ejection fraction of 29.4%.
  • - Findings showed that most cases were linked to hypertension, but the use of recommended medications was low, highlighting a gap in optimal treatment practices among these patients.
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Inhibition of Notch signalling with a gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI) induces mammalian hair cell regeneration and partial hearing restoration. In this proof-of-concept Phase I/IIa multiple-ascending dose open-label trial (ISRCTN59733689), adults with mild-moderate sensorineural hearing loss received 3 intratympanic injections of GSI LY3056480, in 1 ear over 2 weeks. Phase I primary outcome was safety and tolerability.

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Rationale: Attentional bias to drug-related stimuli is hypothesised to contribute towards addiction. However, the acute effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on attentional bias to cannabis cues, the differential response in adults and adolescents, and the moderating effect of cannabidiol (CBD) are unknown.

Objectives: Our study investigated (1) the acute effects of vaporised cannabis on attentional bias to cannabis-related images in adults and adolescents and (2) the moderating influences of age and CBD.

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Ethnicity data resource in population-wide health records: completeness, coverage and granularity of diversity.

Sci Data

February 2024

Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Article Synopsis
  • Ethnicity is a crucial aspect of health research, and a study linked self-identified ethnicity data from over 60 million individuals in England to hospital records to improve data accuracy.
  • One in ten individuals lacked ethnicity data in primary care, but linking to hospital records completed this information for 94% of individuals.
  • The study organized over 250 ethnicity sub-groups into a consistent hierarchy and highlighted the importance of accurate data to better understand population diversity and inform health policy for improving equity in healthcare.
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Purposeof Review: Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) underuse is common in heart failure (HF) patients. Digital solutions have the potential to support medical professionals to optimize GDMT prescriptions in a growing HF population. We aimed to review current literature on the effectiveness of digital solutions on optimization of GDMT prescriptions in patients with HF.

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Prioritising genetic findings for drug target identification and validation.

Atherosclerosis

March 2024

Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK; The National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK; Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical, Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

The decreasing costs of high-throughput genetic sequencing and increasing abundance of sequenced genome data have paved the way for the use of genetic data in identifying and validating potential drug targets. However, the number of identified potential drug targets is often prohibitively large to experimentally evaluate in wet lab experiments, highlighting the need for systematic approaches for target prioritisation. In this review, we discuss principles of genetically guided drug development, specifically addressing loss-of-function analysis, colocalization and Mendelian randomisation (MR), and the contexts in which each may be most suitable.

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Background: Siponimod-related lymphopenia in real-world clinical practice has implications for dose adjustment and infection risk.

Objective: To characterise siponimod-related lymphopenia in people with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (pwSPMS).

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort of 188 pwSPMS.

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Preparing for Otoferlin gene therapy trials: A survey of NHS Paediatric Audiology and Cochlear Implant services on diagnosis and management of Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol

February 2024

National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom; Ear Institute, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Royal National ENT and Eastman Dental Hospitals, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.

Objectives: Gene therapy for monogenic hearing loss is on the horizon. The first trials in patients with Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD) due to pathogenic variants in the Otoferlin (OTOF) gene will open this year. In the UK, the new NHS Genomic Medicine Service (GMS) offers genetic testing in each child diagnosed with congenital or early onset sensorineural hearing loss.

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Prediction of spontaneous preterm birth in women with previous full dilatation cesarean delivery.

Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM

March 2024

Fetal Medicine Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Drs Banerjee, Ivan, Solda, Bredaki, Casagrandi Tetteh, Greenwold, Napolitano and Prof David); Research Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Banerjee, Ivan, Nazarenko, Casagrandi, Napolitano and Profs Zaikin, Jurkovic, and David); National Institute for Health and Care Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom (Prof David). Electronic address:

Background: A previous term (≥37 weeks' gestation), full-dilatation cesarean delivery is associated with an increased risk for a subsequent spontaneous preterm birth. The mechanism is unknown. We hypothesized that the cesarean delivery scar characteristics and scar position relative to the internal cervical os may compromise cervical function, thereby leading to shortening of the cervical length and spontaneous preterm birth.

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