Contemporary epidemiology of hospitalised heart failure with reduced versus preserved ejection fraction in England: a retrospective, cohort study of whole-population electronic health records.

Background: Heart failure is common, complex, and often associated with coexisting chronic medical conditions and a high mortality. We aimed to assess the epidemiology of people admitted to hospital with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), including the period covering the COVID-19 pandemic, which was previously not well characterised.

Methods: In this retrospective, cohort study, we used whole-population electronic health records with 57 million individuals in England to identify patients hospitalised with heart failure as the primary diagnosis in any consultant episode of an in-patient admission to a National Health Service (NHS) hospital.

Integrating metabolomics and proteomics to identify novel drug targets for heart failure and atrial fibrillation.

Background: Altered metabolism plays a role in the pathophysiology of cardiac diseases, such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF). We aimed to identify novel plasma metabolites and proteins associating with cardiac disease.

Methods: Mendelian randomisation (MR) was used to assess the association of 174 metabolites measured in up to 86,507 participants with AF, HF, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM).

Trajectories and management of vascular risk following the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: A population-based matched cohort study between 1987 and 2018 in England.

Background: People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) have an increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease burden, but this could be mitigated by vascular risk factor management.

Objectives: We compared the trajectories of vascular risk factors, vascular comorbidities and clinical management in PwMS against the general population post-MS diagnosis while controlling for frailty.

Methods: Retrospective longitudinal analysis using English data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink between 1987 and 2018 comprising PwMS matched with up to six controls without MS by age, sex and general practice.

Antiseizure Medications and Cardiovascular Events in Older People With Epilepsy.

Importance: How epilepsy may promote cardiovascular disease remains poorly understood.

Objective: To estimate the odds of new-onset cardiovascular events (CVEs) over 6 years in older people with vs without epilepsy, exploring how enzyme-inducing antiseizure medications (EIASMs) and traditional cardiovascular risk factors mediate these odds.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a prospective cohort study using the comprehensive cohort of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), with 6 years of follow-up (2015-2021, analysis performed in December 2023).

Critical care unit bed availability and postoperative outcomes: a multinational cohort study.

Background: Critical care beds are a limited resource, yet research indicates that recommendations for postoperative critical care admission based on patient-level risk stratification are not followed. It is unclear how prioritisation decisions are made in real-world settings and the effect of this prioritisation on outcomes.

Methods: This was a prespecified analysis of an observational cohort study of adult patients undergoing inpatient surgery, conducted in 274 hospitals across the UK and Australasia during 2017.

Differential diagnosis of suspected multiple sclerosis: considerations in people from minority ethnic and racial backgrounds in North America, northern Europe, and Australasia.

The differential diagnosis of suspected multiple sclerosis has been developed using data from North America, northern Europe, and Australasia, with a focus on White populations. People from minority ethnic and racial backgrounds in regions where prevalence of multiple sclerosis is high are more often negatively affected by social determinants of health, compared with White people in these regions. A better understanding of changing demographics, the clinical characteristics of people from minority ethnic or racial backgrounds, and the social challenges they face might facilitate equitable clinical approaches when considering a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.

Brain reserve and physical disability in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Background: The brain reserve hypothesis posits that larger maximal lifetime brain growth (MLBG) may confer protection against physical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Larger MLBG as a proxy for brain reserve, has been associated with reduced progression of physical disability in patients with early MS; however, it is unknown whether this association remains once in the secondary progressive phase of MS (SPMS). Our aim was to assess whether larger MLBG is associated with decreased physical disability progression in SPMS.

The refined Pathways to Cures Research Roadmap for multiple sclerosis cures.

Background: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system affecting nearly 3 million people worldwide. Although much progress has been made in the understanding and treatment of MS, cures remain elusive.

Objectives: To accelerate the development of cures for MS by updating the Pathways to Cures Research Roadmap based on a contemporary understanding of disease.

Venous thromboembolism during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for ovarian cancer.

Objective: To determine the incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy in UK gynecological cancer centers. Secondary outcomes included incidence and timing of venous thromboembolism since cancer presentation, impact on cancer treatment, and mortality.

Methods: All UK gynecological cancer centers were invited to participate in this multi-center retrospective audit through the British Gynecological Cancer Society.

Functional seizures and their mimics: a retrospective service review of cases from a tertiary video telemetry database.

Objective: Identify the proportion of patients referred with putative functional seizures (FS) that were subsequently re-diagnosed as epileptic seizures (ES), or an alternative diagnosis, following video telemetry EEG (VTEEG). In addition, describe the characteristics of those seizures.

Methods: The VTEEG reports from patients admitted to the Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy between 2019 and 2022 were reviewed.

A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of the Virtual Outpatient Management of People With Mpox.

Background: To report on the implementation and outcomes of a virtual ward established for the management of mpox during the 2022 outbreak, we conducted a 2-center, observational, cross-sectional study over a 3-month period.

Methods: All patients aged ≥17 years with laboratory polymerase chain reaction-confirmed monkeypox virus managed between 14 May and 15 August 2022, at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases at University College London Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and sexual health services at Central North and West London NHS Foundation Trust, were included. Main outcomes included the proportion of patients managed exclusively on the virtual ward, proportion of patients requiring inpatient admission, proportion of patients with human immunodeficiency virus, and duration of lesion reepithelialization.

Cohort study of cardiovascular safety of different COVID-19 vaccination doses among 46 million adults in England.

The first dose of COVID-19 vaccines led to an overall reduction in cardiovascular events, and in rare cases, cardiovascular complications. There is less information about the effect of second and booster doses on cardiovascular diseases. Using longitudinal health records from 45.