Making Space in Geographical Analysis.

In this commentary we reflect on the potential and power of geographical analysis, as a set of methods, theoretical approaches, and perspectives, to increase our understanding of how space and place matter for . We emphasize key aspects of the field, including accessibility, urban change, and spatial interaction and behavior, providing a high-level research agenda that indicates a variety of gaps and routes for future research that will not only lead to more equitable and aware solutions to local and global challenges, but also innovative and novel research methods, concepts, and data. We close with a set of representation and inclusion challenges to our discipline, researchers, and publication outlets.

The natural history of low-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus and risk factors for progression.

Background And Aim: Barrett's esophagus is associated with increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. The optimal management of low-grade dysplasia arising in Barrett's esophagus remains controversial. We performed a retrospective study from a tertiary referral center for Barrett's esophagus neoplasia, to estimate time to progression to high-grade dysplasia/esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with confirmed low-grade dysplasia compared with those with downstaged low-grade dysplasia from index presentation and referral.

COVID-19 in Women's health: Pre-operative gynaecological assessment and shared decision making.

The National Health Service (NHS) response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought about rapid and innovative changes to surgical care in gynaecology, shared decision making around operative procedures and pre-operative gynaecological pathways. Short-term changes are linked to the redeployment of resources away from elective gynaecology and long-term changes relate to accelerating the streamlining of treatments, telemedicine and education in patient self-management. The speed and recency of the response does not yet permit the creation of a large evidence base for effective and acceptable interventions, apart from anecdotal observations of 'what works well'' good practice and guidance from the Royal Colleges and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) and kidney stones: Diagnosis and management.

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a set of raredis orders in which the renal tubule is unable to excreteacid normally and there by maintain normal acid-basebalance, resulting in a complete or incomplete metabolicacidosis. In distal RTA (dRTA, also known as classicalor type 1 RTA), there is a defect in excreting H+ ionsalong the distal nephron (distal tubule and collectingduct), leading to an alkaline urinary pH with calcium phosphate precipitation and stones. Causes of dRTAinclude genetic mutations, autoimmune disease, and some drugs.

Monochorionic twins discordant for trisomy 13: A case report, systematic literature search and synthesis of available evidence.

This article presents the tenth reported case of monochorionic twins discordant for trisomy 13. Discordant aneuploidies in monochorionic twins are rare. Aetiologies include mitotic error in early cell division and "rescue" chromosome loss in an initially trisomic zygote.

Diagnosis and outcome of hydatidiform moles in missed-miscarriage: a cohort-study, systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the ultrasound diagnostic rates of complete hydatidiform moles (CHM) and partial hydatidiform moles (PHM) in women presenting with a missed miscarriage, the clinical complications at diagnosis and the risk of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) after surgical evacuation and to compare our findings with those of the published literature by completing a systematic review and meta-analysis STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of the data of 295 women diagnosed with a histologically confirmed hydatidiform moles (HM) over a 15-year period, including 128 CHM and 167 PHM. All women were referred to a regional specialist centre for follow-up and further management. An electronic search of PubMed, Google Scholar and MEDLINE was performed for studies published between September 1973 and September 2017 reporting on the early ultrasound diagnosis of hydatidiform mole.

Small vessel disease lesion type and brain atrophy: The role of co-occurring amyloid.

Introduction: It is unknown whether different types of small vessel disease (SVD), differentially relate to brain atrophy and if co-occurring Alzheimer's disease pathology affects this relation.

Methods: In 725 memory clinic patients with SVD (mean age 67 ± 8 years, 48% female) we compared brain volumes of those with moderate/severe white matter hyperintensities (WMHs; n = 326), lacunes (n = 132) and cerebral microbleeds (n = 321) to a reference group with mild WMHs (n = 197), also considering cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid status in a subset of patients (n = 488).

Results: WMHs and lacunes, but not cerebral microbleeds, were associated with smaller gray matter (GM) volumes.

Quantifying the Frictional Forces between Skin and Nonwoven Fabrics.

When a compliant sheet of material is dragged over a curved surface of a body, the frictional forces generated can be many times greater than they would be for a planar interface. This phenomenon is known to contribute to the abrasion damage to skin often suffered by wearers of incontinence pads and bed/chairbound people susceptible to pressure sores. Experiments that attempt to quantify these forces often use a simple capstan-type equation to obtain a characteristic coefficient of friction.

Afferent Connectivity of the Zebrafish Habenulae.

The habenulae are bilateral nuclei located in the dorsal diencephalon that are conserved across vertebrates. Here we describe the main afferents to the habenulae in larval and adult zebrafish. We observe afferents from the subpallium, nucleus rostrolateralis, posterior tuberculum, posterior hypothalamic lobe, median raphe; we also see asymmetric afferents from olfactory bulb to the right habenula, and from the parapineal to the left habenula.