Downscaling global reference points to assess the sustainability of local fisheries.

Multispecies coral reef fisheries are typically managed by local communities who often lack research and monitoring capacity, which prevents estimation of well-defined sustainable reference points to perform locally relevant fishery assessments. Recent research modeling coral reef fisheries globally has estimated multispecies sustainable reference points (i.e.

Dual-protein system composed of soy protein and β-lactoglobulin: effect of transglutaminase-mediated crosslinking on its allergenicity and conformation.

Background: The escalating global prevalence of food allergies has intensified the need for hypoallergenic food products. Transglutaminase (TGase)-mediated crosslinking has garnered significant attention for its potential to reduce the allergenicity of food proteins. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TGase crosslinking on the potential allergenicity and conformational changes in a dual-protein system composed of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) and soy protein isolate (SPI) at varying mass ratios (10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7 and 0:10 (w/w)).

Experiences of receiving formal psychological support following lower limb amputation: a qualitative study.

Purpose: This study sought to explore the experiences of receiving formal psychological support following non-vascular-related lower limb amputation.

Materials And Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five individuals (3 males, 2 females, aged 38-56) with lower limb loss. Two had unilateral above knee amputations, one a unilateral below knee amputation, one a unilateral through-knee amputation, and one had bilateral above knee amputations.

First-line pembrolizumab-axitinib versus sunitinib in metastatic RCC: subgroup analysis of patients enrolled in the phase 3 KEYNOTE-426 in Eastern Asia.

Background: The phase 3 open-label KEYNOTE-426 study demonstrated that first-line pembrolizumab plus axitinib improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) versus sunitinib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in a global population. This subgroup analysis investigated the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab-axitinib versus sunitinib in patients enrolled in KEYNOTE-426 in East Asia (Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan).

Methods: Adults with clear cell mRCC were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive intravenous pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks with oral axitinib 5 mg twice daily or oral sunitinib 50 mg once daily (4 weeks on/2 weeks off).

Barriers to and enablers of modifying diet after metabolic bariatric surgery: A systematic review of published literature.

This is a qualitative systematic review in which we investigated barriers and enablers influencing dietary behavior change after metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS). Database searches retrieved publications reporting perceived factors influencing dietary behavior change post-MBS. Data (quotes, survey results, interpretative summaries) were extracted and analyzed using combined deductive and inductive thematic analyses.

A Theoretically Informed Process Evaluation in Parallel to a Feasibility Study of a Complex Oral Health Intervention Using NICE Guidelines in a Care Home Setting.

Background: A theoretically informed process evaluation was undertaken in parallel to a study examining the feasibility of an oral health intervention based on an existing guideline for care homes. The objectives were to explore the factors that influenced the implementation of the intervention in order to understand the potential pathway to impact. The research team initially utilised Pfadenhauer et al.

Cross-agency working when conducting a pragmatic RCT for older victims of crime: our experiences and lessons learned.

Background: With the population ageing, more victims of community crime are likely to be older adults. The psychological impact of crime on older victims is significant and sustained, but only feasibility trials have been published regarding potential interventions. The integration of public health and care services and cross-agency working is recommended, but there is little information on how this should be undertaken.

Management of post-operative anaemia in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer: a qualitative focus group-based study.

Background: Optimal management of anaemia following surgery for colorectal cancer remains unclear. Peri-operative anaemia is common in patients undergoing resectional surgery for colorectal cancer. A significant amount of research has been conducted into the management of pre-operative anaemia; however, little work has investigated post-operative anaemia.

A policy framework for leveraging generative AI to address enduring challenges in clinical trials.

Can artificial intelligence improve clinical trial design? Despite their importance in medicine, over 40% of trials involve flawed protocols. We introduce and propose the development of application-specific language models (ASLMs) for clinical trial design across three phases: ASLM development by regulatory agencies, customization by Health Technology Assessment bodies, and deployment to stakeholders. This strategy could enhance trial efficiency, inclusivity, and safety, leading to more representative, cost-effective clinical trials.

Hyaluronic Acid Myomodulation in the Treatment of Gummy Smile.

Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors  www.springer.

Digital twin assisted surgery, concept, opportunities, and challenges.

Computer-assisted surgery is becoming essential in modern medicine to accurately plan, guide, and perform surgeries. Similarly, Digital Twin technology is expected to be instrumental in the future of surgery, owing to its capacity to virtually replicate patient-specific interventions whilst providing real-time updates to clinicians. This perspective introduces the term Digital Twin-Assisted Surgery and discusses its potential to improve surgical precision and outcome, along with key challenges for successful clinical translation.

Clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of X-linked hypophosphataemia.

X-linked hypophosphataemia (XLH) is a rare metabolic bone disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the PHEX gene, which is predominantly expressed in osteoblasts, osteocytes and odontoblasts. XLH is characterized by increased synthesis of the bone-derived phosphaturic hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which results in renal phosphate wasting with consecutive hypophosphataemia, rickets, osteomalacia, disproportionate short stature, oral manifestations, pseudofractures, craniosynostosis, enthesopathies and osteoarthritis. Patients with XLH should be provided with multidisciplinary care organized by a metabolic bone expert.

Tuberous sclerosis complex-associated kidney disease in children.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder which can have manifestations in the kidneys, along with other organ systems. Children with TSC may develop kidney lesions at any point during childhood, and typically these are angiomyolipomata (AML) and/or kidney cysts. Children may also have hypertension associated with TSC-associated kidney disease, and rarely reduced kidney function.

Prolonged persistence of mutagenic DNA lesions in somatic cells.

DNA is subject to continual damage, leaving each cell with thousands of individual DNA lesions at any given moment. The efficiency of DNA repair means that most known classes of lesion have a half-life of minutes to hours, but the extent to which DNA damage can persist for longer durations remains unknown. Here, using high-resolution phylogenetic trees from 89 donors, we identified mutations arising from 818 DNA lesions that persisted across multiple cell cycles in normal human stem cells from blood, liver and bronchial epithelium.

Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder - recommendations from ECTRIMS and the EBMT.

Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is a treatment option for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) that are refractory to disease-modifying therapy (DMT). AHSCT after failure of high-efficacy DMT in aggressive forms of relapsing-remitting MS is a generally accepted indication, yet the optimal placement of this approach in the treatment sequence is not universally agreed upon. Uncertainties also remain with respect to other indications, such as in rapidly evolving, severe, treatment-naive MS, progressive MS, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).

Mapping Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: An Annotated MRI Dataset Profiling Tumor and Carotid Characteristics.

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors remain one of the most common intracranial tumors. While radiomic research related to pituitary tumors is progressing, public data sets for external validation remain scarce. We introduce an open dataset comprising high-resolution T1 contrast-enhanced MR scans of 136 patients with pituitary tumors, annotated for tumor segmentation and accompanied by clinical, radiological and pathological metadata.

Cutting through the noise: A narrative review of Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers for routine clinical use.

As novel, anti-amyloid therapies have become more widely available, access to timely and accurate diagnosis has become integral to ensuring optimal treatment of patients with early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). Plasma biomarkers are a promising tool for identifying AD pathology; however, several technical and clinical factors need to be considered prior to their implementation in routine clinical use. Given the rapid pace of advancements in the field and the wide array of available biomarkers and tests, this review aims to summarize these considerations, evaluate available platforms, and discuss the steps needed to bring plasma biomarker testing to the clinic.

Evaluation of the endocranial anatomy of the early Paleogene north African gavialoid crocodylian Argochampsa krebsi and evolutionary implications for adaptation to salinity tolerance in marine crocodyliforms.

Argochampsa krebsi is a gavialoid crocodylian from the early Paleogene of North Africa. Based on its recovered phylogenetic relationship with South American species, it has been inferred to have been capable of transoceanic dispersal, but potential anatomical correlates for a marine lifestyle have yet to be identified. Based on CT scans of a mostly complete and well-preserved skull, we reconstruct the endocranial anatomy of Argochampsa and compare it to that of other gavialoids.

Consensus outcomes between health professionals and parents for oral corticosteroids in treating preschool wheeze: a multi-national survey and nominal group technique study.

Objective: To obtain priority consensus for outcome measures of oral corticosteroid treatment of preschool wheeze that represent stakeholder groups.

Design: (1) A systematic review to identify a set of outcome measures; (2) an international survey for healthcare professionals (HCPs) and a nominal group meeting with parents; (3) a final consensus nominal group meeting with key HCPs (trial investigators and paediatric emergency medicine clinicians) and the same parent group.

Main Outcome Measures: Consensus priority of treatment outcome measures, outcome minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) and level of concerns about adverse effects.

Did Finerenone Improve Health Status in the FINEARTS Trial?: A Critical Reevaluation of the Analysis of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Heart Failure.

Patient-reported health status is an important assessment of patients with heart failure, but current approaches have substantial methodological and analytical limitations. Changes in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) are commonly presented as a measure of the effect of drugs and devices, most often as the between-group difference in population means or as the odds of showing threshold changes of 5, 10, 15, and 20 points. However, the presentation of mean differences is based on statistical assumptions that are routinely violated in most trials.

Encapsulation of astilbin in zein nanoparticles with fructo-oligosaccharides and caseinate as costabilizers: Formation, stability, bioavailability, and antioxidant capacity.

Zein-based nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted considerable attention as potential delivery systems for bioactive compounds. However, their application has been limited by poor stability and redispersibility. In this study, we addressed these challenges by fabricating zein nanocarriers using branching structural fructo-oligosaccharides (P-FOS) and sodium caseinate (NaCas) as costabilizers.

Retraction notice to "UV light assisted photocatalytic degradation of textile waste water by MgZnFeO synthesized by combustion method and in-vitro antimicrobial activities" [Environ. Res. 204 (2022) 111917].

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).

Antimicrobial potential of the leaves of Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck collected from Iraq: Bioassay-guided isolation of sinensetin as the anti-MRSA compound.

Infections caused by antibiotic-drug-resistant microorganisms are a major global health concern, and they result in millions of deaths every year. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of such drug-resistant microbial strains, and new and effective antimicrobial agents are desperately needed to combat infections caused by MRSA. In the search for effective anti-MRSA agents, the leaves of Citrus grandis (Rutaceae), also known as C.