Evaluation of thoracic inlet view plain radiograph in the management of patients with goitre.

Background: Thoracic inlet view radiograph is an investigation for assessing patients with goitre in many centres in the sub-Saharan-region. However, there is paucity of information on its usefulness in the diagnosis of retrosternal goitre (RSG) and in planning for thyroidectomy.

Method: A review of patients with goitre managed in the Division of Endocrine Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, between 2002 and 2014 was done.

The Impact of Tooth Wear on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of the Elderly in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Background: Tooth wear lesion, otherwise known as tooth surface loss, is an insidious cumulative and multifactorial condition causing irreversible destruction of tooth enamel and dentine. Over time this lesion can threaten the affected individual's Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). OHRQoL entails interaction among oral health systems: social factors, psychological factors, and the rest of the body.

Clinical practice guideline for the management of lipids in adults with diabetic kidney disease: abbreviated summary of the Joint Association of British Clinical Diabetologists and UK Kidney Association (ABCD-UKKA) Guideline 2024.

The contribution of chronic kidney disease (CKD) towards the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) is magnified with co-existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Lipids are a modifiable risk factor and good lipid management offers improved outcomes for people with diabetic kidney disease (DKD).The primary purpose of this guideline, written by the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD) and UK Kidney Association (UKKA) working group, is to provide practical recommendations on lipid management for members of the multidisciplinary team involved in the care of adults with DKD.

Active Euthanasia for Perinatal Osteogenesis Imperfecta; An Ethical Dilemma in a Tertiary Facility in Southwestern Nigeria: A Case Report.

Managing a newborn with lethal congenital anomalies is challenging but handling a parent's request for doctors under oath to terminate the baby's life is another major ethical dilemma requiring cautious evaluation. We present a term male neonate who presented on the 7 day of life, with a dark-blue sclera, multiple limb deformities, long bone fractures, beaded ribs, a flattened forehead, a narrow chest, and respiratory distress. A Diagnosis of Type II Osteogenesis imperfecta was made and he was managed by a multidisciplinary team including neonatologists, geneticists/endocrinologists, orthopaedic surgeons, nurses, and medical social workers.

An overview of the current diagnostic approach to Periprosthetic Joint Infections.

The diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) presents a formidable challenge to orthopaedic surgeons due to its complex and diverse manifestations. Accurate diagnosis is of utmost importance, as even mild pain following joint replacement surgery may indicate PJI in the absence of a definitive gold standard diagnostic test. Numerous diagnostic modalities have been suggested in the literature, and international societies have continually updated diagnostic criteria for this debilitating complication.

Evaluating Serum Copeptin as a Promising Biomarker for Predicting Acute Ischaemic Stroke Severity: A Hospital-Based Study on Strokes.

Background: Stroke is the second cause of mortality and the foremost leading cause of disability globally. Many potential biomarkers have been described to contribute to prognosticating the severity in the acute phase of stroke as well as help with risk stratification. Copeptin, an inactive peptide that is produced in an equimolar ratio to arginine vasopressin and adequately mirrors an individual's stress response to acute illnesses like acute ischaemic stroke as evidenced by elevated or increasing levels is being explored in this study to determine its relationship with acute stroke severity and infarct size on admission.

Abdominal wound closure in the presence of sepsis: our experience with the use of subcutaneous drain.

Objectives: Patients requiring surgery for secondary peritonitis demonstrate a significantly increased risk for incisional surgical site infection. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous wound drain post-laparotomy for contaminated surgical wounds.

Design: This was a prospective comparative hospital-based study.

Laryngectomy in Elderly Patients: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.

Background and objective Patients over the age of 75 years make up 20% of the head and neck cancer population, which is a relatively under-represented patient cohort in clinical literature. To our knowledge, there are no studies evaluating the outcomes of laryngectomy in patients aged over 75 years, which prompted us to present this unique series. Methods We reviewed departmental records at the University College Hospital, London over a 10-year period, and identified a total of 18 patients over the age of 75 years who underwent total laryngectomy for squamous cell carcinoma.

How the COVID-19 pandemic affected infant vaccination trends in rural and urban communities in Ibadan, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This study compared the infant vaccination trends a year before and a year after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in selected urban and rural communities in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Design: This was a cross-sectional study in which data were extracted from infant vaccination records.

Setting: Two rural and three urban vaccination centres in primary health clinics at Ibadan Southeast and Olúyòlé local government areas, respectively.

The Pattern of Neurological Conditions in a Tertiary Institution in Nigeria: Six Years Experience in Ekiti State, Nigeria.

Background: Neurological disorders constitute major causes of morbidity, and globally, they are the leading causes of death. There is a dearth of neurologists in most African countries and the very few available ones are concentrated in urban areas. The cardiovascular and communicable risk factors responsible for most cases of acute and chronic neurological disorders are also prevalent in rural areas.

COVID-19 knowledge and practices in Jigawa State, Nigeria: A cross-sectional survey conducted during the second wave.

Population knowledge of COVID-19 and adherence to prevention measures may not be equitably distributed, limiting the success of public health measures. We aimed to understand whether COVID-19 knowledge differed by socio-economic status in a rural low-income setting of Jigawa State, Nigeria. We conducted a secondary analysis of the baseline cross-sectional survey of the INSPIRING cluster randomised controlled trial in Kiyawa Local Government Area, Jigawa State, from January-June 2021.

GOSERELIN INHIBITING UPTAKE ON SODIUM PERTECHNETATE Tc-99M THYROID SCAN: A CASE REPORT.

Introduction: Thyroiditis may be induced by goserelin (a long acting analogue of gonadotropin - releasing hormone) prescribed for the treatment of pain and bleeding of endometriosis. Goserelin induced thyroiditis has a possibility of affecting thyroid function and hence may cause poor uptake on sodium pertechnetate Tc-99 thyroid scan.

Results: This case report highlights a rare instance of a middle-aged woman with symptomatic toxic goitre whose sodium pertechnetate Tc-99 thyroid scan uptake was inhibited by goserelin therapy.

ULTRASOUND IMAGING AND PATHOLOGIC FEATURES OF IDIOPATHIC SCROTAL CALCINOSIS IN A YOUNG ADULT NIGERIAN AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.

Background: Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis is a rare and benign disease of the scrotal skin that presents as solitary or multiple painless calcified nodules or papules in the absence of systemic disorders of calcium or phosphorus metabolism. Although some theories have been proposed as to the cause of this rare disease, the exact cause remains unknown. In a resource-poor medical setting like Nigeria, a confident diagnosis of this condition can be made with ultrasonography.

APOLIPOPROTEIN E GENE POLYMORPHISMS AND PLASMA LIPIDS IN PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY.

Background And Objective: A major modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is abnormalities in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism which are frequently seen in HIV as well as its treatment. Apo-E is a protein that is important in plasma lipid homeostasis and its genetic alleles have been shown to contribute to lipid abnormalities. We examined for the effect of Apo-E gene polymorphisms on plasma lipid levels in PLHIV on protease inhibitor therapy.

CLINICAL PROFILE AND PATTERN OF DEMENTIA IN A GERIATRIC CENTRE.

Background: Knowledge on the clinical presentation of dementia is essential for appropriate care, especially in Low-and-Middle-Income Countries where these cases are on a sharp rise and can also aid early detection of other underlying conditions.This study sought to provide a broad and updated socio-demographic, clinical profile, pattern of diagnosis and treatment features of people diagnosed with dementia in this setting.

Method: A retrospective cohort study which reviewed the medical case records of all older adults with dementia receiving treatment at the psychogeriatric and the neurology clinic of the Geriatric Centre (N=192).

A LUMP MODEL FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS' CLINICAL EVALUATION.

Introduction: Soft tissue masses are commonly encountered in surgical and general medical practice. The graduating medical student should therefore be competent in the physical examination of a lump. Paucity of real patients makes it paramount that models be used for teaching and evaluation.

ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES AND SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOUR IN STUDENTS OF A TERTIARY INSTITUTION IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA.

Introduction: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) are negative occurrences in childhood, including abuse (emotional, physical, and sexual abuse), neglect (emotional and physical) or household dysfunctions, which are linked to compromised health and well-being in adulthood. The consequences are wide and diverse including Sexual Risk Behaviour (SRB).

Aim: We embarked on this study to identify types and prevalence of ACE as well as the association between ACE and the adoption of SRB among the students of a tertiary institution in Oyo State, Nigeria.

ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS, KNOWLEDGE, AND RISK PERCEPTION OF COMMUNITY MEMBERS ABOUT MPOX INFECTION IN NIGERIA.

Background: Since the resurgence of mpox disease in 2017, Nigeria alone has accounted for about 60% of confirmed cases reported in the African region. This study therefore aimed to understand the knowledge and perception of the general public towards the mpox infection.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 958 community members across three states (Oyo, Lagos and Jigawa) in Nigeria.

MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS IN PAEDIATRIC SURGICAL PATIENTS: AN OVERVIEW OF THE NIGERIAN ADOLESCENTS.

Introduction: Less than three decades ago, depression was seen as a predominantly adult disorder as children were considered too developmentally immature to experience depressive disorders, and adolescent low mood was considered as part of 'normal' teenage mood swings. Major depressive disorder in children and adolescents is a serious psychiatric illness especially in paediatric surgical patients. This may be due to their altered metabolic rate and heighten metabolic response to trauma which has significant implications for the psychological development of the child, yet it remains under-recognized and undertreated.

WHITE CEREBELLUM SIGN AS A DARK PROGNOSTIC INDICATOR OF CEREBRAL INJURY: A CASE REPORT.

Introduction: The white cerebellum sign (WCS) is a classical but rare radiological finding usually associated with irreversible diffuse hypoxic-ischemic cerebral injury. Very few cases exist in the literature globally, especially from the West African region, as a potential hallmark of poor prognostic outcome. We describe the white cerebellum sign in a Nigerian pediatric patient, managed for severe head injury.

BODY STALK ANOMALY: CLINICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGIC FINDINGS OF THIS RARE ANOMALY IN A NIGERIAN NEWBORN.

Introduction: Body stalk anomaly (BSA) is a rare and severe congenital malformation in which the exact pathophysiology is still unknown. The possible causes of body stalk anomaly include early amnion rupture with direct mechanical pressure and amniotic bands, vascular disruption of the early embryo, or an abnormality in the germinal disk.

Case Presentation: We report a case of sonologically delayed diagnosis of BSA which was confirmed post-delivery following histopathological examination and we reviewed relevant literature regarding this phenomenon.

THE PREVALENCE OF DENTAL CARIES AMONG CHILDREN IN ORPHANAGES IN IBADAN.

Background: A number of challenges are being faced by children in orphanages, a major one being their oral health as a common unmet need. Studies have shown high prevalence of dental caries and oro-facial trauma. This has been attributed to overcrowding, lack of adequate staff, poor oral hygiene, improper dietary habits, inadequacies in the orphanage system, as well as inadequacies in the healthcare system.