Infants with Excessive Weight Gain while Exclusively Breastfeeding: Follow-Up at 36 Months.

Rapid weight gain in infancy is associated with an increased risk of later adiposity. Very rarely, however, exclusively breastfed infants experience excessive weight gain (EWG) during the period of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) when breast milk is the only source of nutrition. We investigated growth and body composition at 36 months in children experiencing EWG during EBF.

Consumption of oleogel alleviates lipid metabolism disorders in high-fat diet-fed rats by inhibiting LPS-induced gut microbiota-mediated inflammation.

This study investigated the effect of oleogel consumption on lipid metabolism, gut microbiota and low-grade inflammation in rats fed with a high-fat diet. Male SD rats received either a control diet or high-fat diets for six weeks. The high-fat diets included a regular high-fat diet and high-fat diets in which lard was replaced with pure sunflower oil, un-gelled sunflower oil containing a dispersed gelator, or gelled sunflower oil with the gelator (oleogel).

Modification at ITO/NiO Interface with MoS Enables Hole Transport for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) utilizing nickel oxide (NiO) as hole transport material have made great progress, driven by improvements in materials and interface engineering. However, challenges remain due to the low intrinsic conductivity of NiO and inefficient hole transport. In this study, we introduced MoS nanoparticles at the indium tin oxide (ITO) /NiO interface to enhance the ITO surface and optimize the deposition of NiO, resulting in increased conductivity linked to a ratio of Ni:Ni.

Ultrasensitive detection of microRNAs based on cascade amplification strategy of RCA-PER and Cas12a.

Since microRNAs (miRNAs) serve as markers for early cancer diagnosis, it is crucial to develop a novel biosensor to detect miRNAs quickly, sensitively and selectively. Hence, we developed a fluorescence biosensor based on target miRNA-initiated rolling circle amplification (RCA) to generate RCA products with multiple tandem catalytic hairpin DNA templates that trigger primer exchange reactions (PER) which extend short single-strand DNA (ssDNA) primers into long ssDNA. Subsequently, the long ssDNA activates the -cleavage activity of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas12a system to cleave a fluorescent reporter chain, enabling ultrasensitive detection of miRNAs through the output fluorescence signal.

Exploring the multifaceted roles of metal-organic frameworks in ecosystem regulation.

Achieving microecological balance is a complex environmental challenge. This is because the equilibrium of microecological systems necessitates both the eradication of harmful microorganisms and preservation of the beneficial ones. Conventional materials predominantly target the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms and often neglect the protection of advantageous microbial species.

AA-Stacked Hydrogen-Substituted Graphdiyne for Enhanced Lithium Storage.

Graphdiyne (GDY) has been considered a promising electrode material for application in electrochemical energy storage. However, studies on GDY featuring an ordered interlayer stacking are lacking, which is supposed to be another effective way to increase lithium binding sites and diffusion pathways. Herein, we synthesized a hydrogen-substituted GDY (HsGDY) with a highly-ordered AA-stacking structure via a facile alcohol-thermal method.

Edaravone Mitigates Hippocampal Neuronal Death and Cognitive Dysfunction by Upregulating BDNF Expression in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Rats.

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a severe neurological injury during infancy, often resulting in long-term cognitive deficits. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Edaravone (EDA), a free radical scavenger, and elucidate the potential role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in mediating these effects in neonatal HIE rats. Using the Rice-Vannucci model, HIE was induced in neonatal rats, followed by immediate administration of EDA after the hypoxic-ischemic insult.

Protective immunity induced by a novel P1 adhesin C-terminal anchored mRNA vaccine against infection in BALB/c mice.

(Mp), a unique pathogen devoid of a cell wall, is naturally impervious to penicillin antibiotics. This bacterium is the causative agent of pneumonia, an acute pulmonary affliction marked by interstitial lung damage. Non-macrolide medications may have potential adverse effects on the developmental trajectory of children, thereby establishing macrolides as the preferred treatment for in pediatric patients.

Retrospective analysis of disease characteristics and treatment patterns among patients with esophageal cancer across 14 surgically represented centers.

Objective: Esophageal cancer (EC) ranks eighth among cancers in cancer-related deaths globally, and ~44% of new cases occur in China. We sought to describe the clinical characteristics and treatment landscape of EC in China before the approval of immunotherapy in 2020.

Methods: CHANNEL was a large, retrospective study using patient-level data from 14 hospitals/cancer centers across China, including adults initiating therapy for newly diagnosed EC (January to December 2018).

Reimagining apnea monitoring in the neonatal ICU.

Purpose Of Review: This review outlines the prevalence and complications of apneas and intermittent hypoxemic events in preterm infants, examines current monitoring limitations in neonatal ICUs (NICUs), and explores emerging technologies addressing these challenges.

Recent Findings: New evidence from the Prematurity-Related Ventilatory Control (Pre-Vent) study, which analyzed cardiorespiratory data from 717 extremely preterm infants, exposes the varying frequency, duration, and severity of apneas, intermittent hypoxemia, bradycardias, and periodic breathing during hospitalization, and highlights the negative impact of intermittent hypoxemia on pulmonary outcomes at discharge. Although traditional monitoring methods cannot differentiate between apnea types and quantify their burden, recent advancements in sensor technologies and data integration hold promise for improving real-time detection and evaluation of apneas in the NICU.

Multi-Vortex Regulation in a Simple Semicircular Microchannel with Ordered Micro-Obstacles for High-Throughput Buffer Exchange.

Microfluidics is an emerging technology for buffer exchange in bioprocessing applications. However, achieving buffer exchange with simplicity of operation and high throughput in a straightforward channel design remains a challenge. This study presents a novel semicircular microchannel design that allows for the deterministic regulation of helical and Dean vortices through geometric confinement.

Density Functional Study on the Condensation and Evaporation Heats of the Nanoconfined Fluids.

Within the framework of classical density functional theory, the isosteric heat and condensation/evaporation heat of the confined methane are studied. First, the theoretical expression for condensation/evaporation heat is derived on the basis of the first law of thermodynamics. The method for computation is also proposed.

Resource Segmentation: A New Dimension of the Segmentation Hypothesis in Drought Adaptive Strategies and Its Links to Tree Growth Performance.

The segmentation hypothesis, a framework for understanding plant drought adaptive strategy, has long been based on hydraulic resistance and vulnerability. Storage of water and carbohydrate resources is another critical function and shapes plant drought adaption and fitness together with hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability. However, patterns and implications of the interdependency of stored water and carbohydrate resources in the context of the segmentation hypothesis are poorly understood.

Continuous Abrupt Vegetation Shifts in the Global Terrestrial Ecosystem.

Previous studies have primarily focused on single abrupt shifts; however, the actual ecosystem will experience continuous abrupt shifts (CAS), including different directions shifts (DDS) and same direction shifts (SDS). The patterns and drivers of these CAS remain unclear. We examined the patterns of the DDS and SDS by two vegetation datasets and then tested climate drivers comprising atmospheric temperature (MAT), atmospheric precipitation (MAP), soil temperature (ST) and soil water content (SW); finally, hysteresis effects were examined with reference to principal drivers.

Integration of neuromuscular control for multidirectional horizontal planar reaching movements in a portable upper limb exoskeleton for enhanced stroke rehabilitation.

Globally, the prevalence of stroke is significant and increasing annually. This growth has led to a demand for rehabilitation services that far exceeds the supply, leaving many stroke survivors without adequate rehabilitative care. In response to this challenge, this study introduces a portable exoskeleton system that integrates neural control mechanisms governing human arm movements.

Long-Term Immunity and Anamnestic Response Following Hepatitis B Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Using a systematic review and meta-analytic approach, this study determined the durability of HBV immunity and the prevalence of anamnestic response to a booster HBV vaccine dose in individuals previously vaccinated with a 3-dose HBV vaccine series as children or adolescents. Two researchers independently searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane from inception to 6/1/2023 and performed data extraction. Studies that included individuals with significant comorbidities or < 5 years of follow-up were excluded.

Manipulating Mechanical Forces in the Developing Zebrafish Heart Using Magnetic Beads.

Mechanical forces continuously provide feedback to heart valve morphogenetic programs. In zebrafish, cardiac valve development relies on heart contraction and physical stimuli generated by the beating heart. Intracardiac hemodynamics, driven by blood flow, emerge as fundamental information shaping the development of the embryonic heart.

Friend or Foe? Safety and Efficacy of Hepatitis B Viremic Solid Organ Allograft into Seronegative Recipients.

Background: Long-term outcomes of HBV nucleic acid test (NAT)-positive (+) allograft use in seronegative liver transplant (LT) and kidney transplant (KT) recipients remains unknown despite being incorporated into practice by select centers. This study compares long-term outcomes between HBV NAT+ and NAT-negative (-) allografts in seronegative recipients.

Study Design: All recipients of an HBV core antibody-positive (HBcAb+) LT or KT were prospectively evaluated at a single transplant center from 6/2015-3/2023 and compared by NAT status.

Lowering Linker Symmetry to Access Zirconium Metal-Organic Frameworks for Inverse Alkane/Alkene Separations.

Enriching the structural diversity of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is of great importance in developing functional porous materials with specific properties. New MOF structures can be accessed through the rational design of organic linkers with diverse geometric conformations, and their structural complexity can be enhanced by choosing linkers with reduced symmetry. Herein, a series of Zr-based MOFs with unprecedented topologies were developed through a linker desymmetrization and conformation engineering approach.

Implementing Early Kangaroo Mother Care: A Quality Improvement Initiative.

Background: Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) has numerous maternal and neonatal benefits. KMC is often overlooked as a vital neonatal stabilization tool. Factors that influence the initiation of KMC by bedside staff include a lack of specific education on KMC, low confidence, and hesitancy due to the infant's clinical illness.

Consensus statement for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma.

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare vascular tumor that typically presents in infancy or early childhood. As awareness of KHE increases, it is imperative that the management of KHE be updated to reflect the latest evidence-based guidelines. The aim of this study was to integrate the literature and Chinese expert opinions to provide updated recommendations that will guide the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients with KHE.

Intravenous thrombolysis for patients with acute ischemic stroke while receiving a direct oral anticoagulant: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Recent guidelines for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) indicate administration of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients receiving direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) is not firmly established and may be harmful unless certain potential parameters are met. This systematic review and meta-analysis explores safety outcomes and other clinical parameters from the growing number of publications describing patients taking a DOAC who experience an AIS that is treated acutely with IVT alone. Embase, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and PubMed were searched up to January 9, 2024 for studies including adult patients taking a DOAC who experienced an AIS treated with IVT and did not undergo endovascular therapy (EVT), regardless of the use of an anticoagulation reversal agent.

4-O-Methylglucaric Acid Production from Xylan with Uronic Acid Oxidase and Comparison to Glucaric Acid from Glucose.

This study describes an enzymatic pathway to produce high purity 4-O-methylglucaric acid from xylan, an underutilized fraction of lignocellulosic biomass. Beechwood xylan was enzymatically hydrolysed using a commercial xylanase and an α-glucuronidase from Amphibacillus xylanus to form 4-O-methylglucuronic acid, which was then purified by anion exchange chromatography and subsequently oxidized to 4-O-methylglucaric acid using a recombinantly produced uronic acid oxidase from Citrus sinensis. Enzymatic oxidation with uronic acid oxidase afforded 95 % yield in 72 hours which is considerably higher than yields previously achieved using a glucooligosaccharide oxidase from Sarocladium strictum.