Cost-effectiveness of prevention program for type 2 diabetes mellitus in high risk patients in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The Republic of Srpska (RS), as a part of the Western Balkans (WB) region, has a higher diabetes prevalence than the EU. This study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of early treatment of high-risk patients with pre-diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes in our setting. We designed a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) model which reflects the current International Diabetes Federation (IDF) three-step plan for the prevention of T2DM in those at increased risk.

Noonan Syndrome: Relation of Genotype to Cardiovascular Phenotype-A Multi-Center Retrospective Study.

Noonan syndrome (NS) is a congenital genetic disorder with a prevalence of 1 in 1000 to 2500 live births, and is characterized by distinctive facial features, short stature, chest deformities, and congenital heart disease. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of specific genetic mutations and their impact on cardiovascular and other outcomes in NS. We conducted a retrospective clinical study of 25 pediatric patients diagnosed with NS at two institutions: The Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia and the Clinic for Children Diseases, University Clinical Center of the Republic of Srpska.

The LUSBI Protocol (Lung Ultrasound/BREST Score/Inferior Vena Cava)-Its Role in a Differential Diagnostic Approach to Dyspnea of Cardiogenic and Non-Cardiogenic Origin.

: PoCUS ultrasound applications are widely used in everyday work, especially in the field of emergency medicine. The main goal of this research was to create a diagnostic and therapeutic protocol that will integrate ultrasound examination of the lungs, ultrasound measurements of the inferior vena cava (assessment of central venous pressure) and BREST scores (risk stratification for heart failure), with the aim of establishing a more effective differential diagnostic approach for dyspneic patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the emergency medicine department with the educational center of the community health center of Banja Luka.

Expression of p16INK4a, FLOT2, and EGFR in oropharyngeal carcinoma, prognostic significance and correlation with clinicopathological characteristics.

Various factors can affect the survival of patients with oropharyngeal cancer. We assessed the expression of protein p16INK4a, Flotillin2, epidermal growth factor receptor, and other clinicopathological features and their prognostic value for this type of cancer. We gathered patient data on demographics, clinicopathological characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes.

Glycemic variability through the perspective of the glycemia risk index and time in range and their association with glycated hemoglobin A1c in pediatric patients on sensor-augmented pump therapy.

Introduction: From the introduction of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in treatments of type 1 diabetes, particularly its integration with insulin pumps, there has been a quest for new parameters that describe optimal glycemic control. As of the consensus reached in 2019, the ambulatory glucose profile (AGP) has become the standard, with time in range (TIR) emerging as a fundamental parameter for metabolic control assessment. However, with technological advancements, new parameters, such as the glycemia risk index (GRI), have been introduced and clinically utilized.

Assessment and Application of the Hear Score in Remote Emergency Medicine Outposts in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

. In emergency departments, chest pain is a common concern, highlighting the critical importance of distinguishing between acute coronary syndrome and other potential causes. Our research aimed to introduce and implement the HEAR score, specifically, in remote emergency outposts in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Therapy adherence, safety and efficacy of rivaroxaban in prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with hip or knee endoprosthesis.

Purpose: Rivaroxaban is a potent, selective direct inhibitor of factor Xa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapy adherence, safety and efficacy of rivaroxaban therapy in reducing the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing elective hip or knee replacement.

Methods: The prospective, post-marketing clinical trial was conducted on adult patients after knee or hip endoprosthesis.

Risk-factors for locally advanced rectal cancer relapse after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: A single center experience.

The overall prognosis of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) remains unsatisfactory due to a high incidence of disease relapse. The present understanding of the factors that determine the likelihood of recurrence is limited or ineffective. We aimed to identify the main risk factors influencing tumor relapse in LARC patients after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and surgical treatment in a single center in Republika Srpska.

Outcome of early rehabilitation of patients with traumatic brain injury during COVID-19 pandemic in The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has placed a tremendous burden on the healthcare system. Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) have to get fast track treatment which is independent of environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate epidemiological and clinical outcomes of early rehabilitation and compare it with the literature data during the non-COVID-19 period.

Evidence of increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes and ketoacidosis among children in the Republic of Srpska in period 2017-2022 with special focus on COVID-19 global pandemic years.

Background And Objectives: Primary focus of the research was to determine the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in the period from 2017 to 2022, and whether COVID-19 had an impact on the increase in the number of newly diagnosed children with diabetes type 1 under the age of 15 in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina). In the period 2001-2016 the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus was 11/100,000, with an annual increasing rate of 14.2%.

Patient Satisfaction With General Anesthesia Compared to Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: A Multicenter Observational Study.

Background Satisfaction in patients undergoing cesarean section (CS) is of great importance in every hospital. There are big differences between spinal and general anesthesia for CS in terms of outcome, recovery times, and quality of service. Methods This multicenter observational study included 1443 patients who had elective (n=622) or emergency (n=821) CS in five medical centers over the period of 16 months.

Clinicopathological Characteristics, Treatment Patterns, and Outcomes in Patients with Laryngeal Cancer.

Background: Various factors can affect the survival of patients with laryngeal cancer (LC). In this retrospective study, we assessed clinicopathological features, their prognostic value, and treatment modalities for patients with confirmed squamous cell LC.

Methods: We collected patient data on demographics, clinicopathological characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes.

Accidental Awareness Under General Anesthesia During Cesarean Section: An Observational Study.

Background A Caesarean section (CS) if performed under general anesthesia (GA) is a procedure with an increased risk of accidental awareness. This study aimed to examine the incidence of accidental awareness under GA in hospitals in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina) where GA for CS is performed in a significantly higher percentage compared to spinal anesthesia. Methodology In the period from 2016 to 2018, a multicenter, prospective, observational study was conducted in five medical centers in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina).

Direct comparison two fixed-ratio combination glucagon-like peptide receptor agonist and basal insulin on glycemic and non glycemic parameters in type 2 diabetes.

Background: Two types of fixed-ratio combinations of basal insulin and a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) have been approved for use in type 2 diabetes. One is insulin degludec/liraglutide (iDergLira), and the other is insulin glargine/lixisenatide (iGlarLixi). Direct comparisons between these two combination is not available.

PrEP Scale-Up and PEP in Central and Eastern Europe: Changes in Time and the Challenges We Face with No Expected HIV Vaccine in the near Future.

With no expected vaccine for HIV in the near future, we aimed to define the current situation and challenges for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP and PEP) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The Euroguidelines CEE Network Group members were invited to respond to a 27-item survey including questions on PrEP (response rate 91.6%).

Association between Vitamin D and Cognitive Deficiency in Alcohol Dependence.

There are still not enough findings to elucidate how exactly alcohol use impairs cognitive abilities. Some studies have shown that there is a link between alcohol intake and vitamin D levels, but these findings are inconsistent so further research is needed. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum vitamin D levels and cognitive impairment in alcohol-dependent individuals.

Association of multiple retinal nodular hamartomas and "confetti" skin lesions with end-stage renal disease in patients with tuberous sclerosis.

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to explore characteristics of patients with chronic kidney disease in tuberous sclerosis (TSC) and to underline differences in clinical characteristics between end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and patients in earlier stages of chronic kidney disease.

Methods: This multicentric, retrospective study included data for 48 patients from seven South-Eastern European countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia) in the period from February to August 2020. Researchers collected data from local and national nephrological and neurological registries and offered clinical and laboratory results from medical histories in follow-up periods.

Treatment of Peripartum Depression with Antidepressants and Other Psychotropic Medications: A Synthesis of Clinical Practice Guidelines in Europe.

This study examined (1) the availability and content of national CPGs for treatment of peripartum depression, including comorbid anxiety, with antidepressants and other psychotropics across Europe and (2) antidepressant and other psychotropic utilization data as an indicator of prescribers' compliance to the guidelines. We conducted a search using Medline and the Guidelines International Network database, combined with direct e-mail contact with national Riseup-PPD COST ACTION members and researchers within psychiatry. Of the 48 European countries examined, we screened 41 records and included 14 of them for full-text evaluation.

Social participation and depressive symptoms among older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic in Serbia: A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To determine the predictors and level of social participation and depressive symptoms within the context of isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate if the residence and type of housing had a moderating role in the relationship between social participation and depressive symptoms.

Methods: This cross-sectional, comparative, and correlational study was conducted on a sample of 299 participants. Research instruments used in this study included: socio-demographic questionnaire, the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Maastricht Social Participation Profile, and Mini-Mental State Exam.

The Effect of Three-Month Vitamin D Supplementation on the Levels of Homocysteine Metabolism Markers and Inflammatory Cytokines in Sera of Psoriatic Patients.

Psoriasis is an autoimmune and inflammatory skin disease. Psoriatic patients express higher levels of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentration and pro-inflammatory mediators than healthy people; this is frequently associated with vitamin D deficiency. The aim of this clinical study was to investigate the effects of high doses of vitamin D supplementation on the parameters of Hcy metabolism and cytokines in sera of psoriatic patients.

The effect of metformin and myoinositol on metabolic outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: role of body mass and adiponectin in a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: To compare the effects of insulin sensitizers metformin (MET) and myo-inositol (MI) on adiponectin levels and metabolic characteristics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with respect to their body mass index (BMI).

Methods: In this open label, parallel randomized clinical trial, 66 women with PCOS (33 normal-weight and 33 overweight/obese) were randomized to either MI (4 g/day) or MET (1500 mg/day) for a period of 6 months. Serum concentration of adiponectin, hormonal and metabolic laboratory outcomes and clinical assessment of BMI, body composition and Ferriman-Gallwey score (FG score) were evaluated before and after treatment.

Relationship between serum leptin levels, non-cardiovascular risk factors and mortality in hemodialysis patients.

Hemodialysis (HD) patients have higher mortality rate than the general population. Recent studies indicate a significant role of non-cardiovascular risk factors in for mortality in HD patients. Leptin is protein hormone and may indicate malnutrition in HD patients.

Psychiatry Trainees' Attitudes, Knowledge, and Training in Addiction Psychiatry-A European Survey.

Although psychoactive substance use disorders (PSUDs) are a domain of mental health, addiction psychiatry is only formally recognized as a subspecialty in a few European countries, and there is no standardized training curriculum. A 76-item questionnaire was developed and disseminated through an online anonymous data-collecting system and hand-to-hand amongst psychiatric trainees from the 47 European countries of the Council of Europe plus Israel and Belarus. 1,049/1,118 psychiatric trainees from 30 European countries completed the questionnaire.