Pharmaceutical industry interactions of psychiatric trainees from 20 European countries.

Background: Interactions between the pharmaceutical industry (PI) and psychiatrists have been under scrutiny recently, though there is little empirical evidence on the nature of the relationship and its intensity at psychiatry trainee level. We therefore studied the level of PI interactions and the underlying beliefs and attitudes in a large sample of European psychiatric trainees.

Methods: One thousand four hundred and forty-four psychiatric trainees in 20 European countries were assessed cross-sectionally, with a 62-item questionnaire.

Treatment of vesicovaginal fistulas: an experience of 30 cases.

Background: Vesicovaginal fistulas (VVF) are rare. In developed countries, the majority of vesicovaginal fistulas occur after gynecological procedures such as total hysterectomies.

Objective: The evaluation of successfulness of VVF surgical repairs with transvesical, transvaginal and transabdominal approach with omental flap in 30 patients.