Differentiation and cytokine synthesis of human alveolar osteoblasts compared to osteoblast-like cells (MG63) in response to titanium surfaces.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different implant surface topographies and chemistries on the expression of differentiation/proliferation markers on MG63 cells and primary human alveolar osteoblasts.

Methods: Hydrophobic acid-etched (A) and hydrophobic coarse-grit-blasted, acid-etched (SLA) surfaces and hydrophilic acid-etched (modA) and hydrophilic coarse-grit-blasted (modSLA) surfaces were produced. Thereby, modA and modSLA surfaces were rinsed under nitrogen protection and stored in a sealed glass tube containing isotonic NaCl solution at pH 4-6.

The initial attachment and subsequent behavior regulation of osteoblasts by dental implant surface modification.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of hydrophobic acid-etched (A) and coarse-blasted large-grit and acid-etched (SLA) surfaces as well as hydrophilic modified acid-etched (modA) and modified coarse-blasted large-grit and acid-etched (modSLA) surfaces on the behavior of MG63 cells grown on these surfaces through determination of cell attachment and cell proliferation, time-lapse microscopy of fluorescence-labeled cells, and determination of gene expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). No significant difference of cell attachment on various titanium surfaces was found. Increased cell proliferation was observed on the A surface and the SLA surface compared with the modA surface and the modSLA surface.

Tobacco as a risk factor for survival of dental implants.

Background: It has been shown that smoking habits represent an increased risk for impaired bone healing and implant failure. This study aimed to evaluate the implant survival rates among non-smokers (NS) and different kinds of smokers (S).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was made over a 5-year period of the clinical and radiographic findings corresponding to 66 consecutive patients who had received a total of 165 dental implants.

Oral acupuncture in the therapy of craniomandibular dysfunction syndrome -- a randomized controlled trial.

Context: Patients with disorders of the stomatognathic system describe pain and clicking phenomena as primary symptoms. Rapid improvement of the pain is required to ensure and maintain adequate patient compliance.

Objective: The study was intended to assess the effects of acupuncture in patients with temporomandibular disorders as compared to placebo therapy (sham laser); the primary target parameter was the subjective pain sensation.

Cytotoxicity of a calcium aluminate cement in comparison with other dental cements and resin-based materials.

The objective of this study was to compare the cytotoxic effects of a calcium aluminate cement with several currently used direct restorative materials. Specimens of three composites (QuiXfil, Tetric Ceram, Filtek Supreme), one zinc phosphate cement (Harvard Cement), one glass ionomer cement (Ketac Molar), and one calcium aluminate cement (DoxaDent), were used fresh or after 7-days' preincubation in cell culture medium at 37 degrees C, pH 7.2.

Controlled clinical and psychometric studies on the relation between periodontitis and depressive mood.

Background: Depressive mood is considered a risk factor for the development of periodontitis.

Objectives: Investigation of the relationship between periodontitis and psychopathology utilizing psychometry (both observer- and self-rating scales).

Methods: Forty periodontitis patients were compared with 41 age- and sex-matched controls.

Correlation between disk morphology on MRI and time curves using electronic axiography.

This retrospective series was intended to determine whether morphological disk findings in open and closed mouth magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be correlated with the time curves in axiography. In this series, 45 temporomandibular joints of 33 patients were subjected to a retrospective evaluation. Magnetic resonance images obtained with closed and open mouth and joint movements assessed by electronic axiography were analyzed.

A cephalometric comparison of skulls from different time periods--the Bronze Age, the 19th century and the present.

The aim of this study was to evaluate secular trends by means of orthodontic measurements on lateral cephalograms. We use roentgenograms from three populations: 22 Bronze Age skulls from a cemetery near Hainburg/Austria, 140 soldiers who served in the Hapsburg Imperial Army in the late 19th century, and 154 contemporary recruits of the Austrian Federal Army. Using conventional morphometric analysis, no statistically significant differences could be established.

Simultaneous orbital expansion and intraoral distraction osteogenesis of upper and lower jaws in a patient with hemifacial microsomia.

Background: Correction of a micro-orbit, caused by clinical anophthalmia is a very challenging task. In hemifacial microsomia a micro-orbit may be combined with hypoplasia of the malar and the ascending mandibular ramus.

Material: A 5-year-old patient with hemifacial microsomia is described.

Analysis of midface asymmetry in patients with cleft lip, alveolus and palate at the age of 3 months using 3D-COSMOS measuring system.

Introduction: Patients suffering from unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate exhibit a varying degree of asymmetry of the midface. Evaluation of this asymmetry can be carried out by means of 3D-CT, or a laser surface scanner.

Material And Methods: In this paper, 3D-CT-scan data of 21 patients with unilateral clefts of lip, alveolus and palate were analysed using three-dimensional models.

3-D COSMOS: a new 3-D model based computerised operation simulation and navigation system.

A new three-dimensional (3-D) model based system for preoperative planning, simulating the operation and transfer of the operation from 3-D model to patient (navigation) is to be introduced. A computer controlled digitizer with specially designed software enables 3-D measurement and symmetry analysis on the 3-D model with a precision better than 0.01 mm (SD: 0.

What is the optimum fluoride concentration needed for the remineralization process?

In vitro experiments could demonstrate that only negligible amounts of fluoride are necessary to promote remineralization of incipient caries lesions. From the clinical point of view, there is evidence that only under certain circumstances is a stabilization of the surface zone of an incipient caries lesion the true mechanism of action of topically applied fluorides. However, an optimum universally valid fluoride concentration needed for this process cannot be defined.

Brushing abrasion of luting cements under neutral and acidic conditions.

Four resin based materials (Compolute Aplicap, ESPE; Variolink Ultra, Vivadent; C&B Metabond, Parkell and Panavia 21, Kuraray), two carboxylate cements (Poly-F Plus, Dentsply DeTrey and Durelon Maxicap, ESPE), two glass-ionomer cements (Fuji I, GC and Ketac-Cem Aplicap, ESPE), one resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Vitremer, 3M) one polyacid-modified resin composite (Dyract Cem, Dentsply DeTrey) and one zinc phosphate cement (Harvard, Richter & Hoffmann) were investigated according to their brushing resistance after storage in neutral and acidic buffer solutions. For this purpose 24 cylindrical acrylic molds were each filled with the materials. After hardening, the samples were stored for seven days in 100% relative humidity and at 37 degrees C.

Correlation of transversal microradiography and microhardness on in situ-induced demineralization in irradiated and nonirradiated human dental enamel.

The objective was to evaluate whether a correlation exists between microhardness (MH) and transversal microradiographical (TMR) data for in situ-induced caries lesions in irradiated and nonirradiated human enamel. Enamel specimens were prepared from the lingual and buccal surfaces of 20 freshly extracted, caries-free third molars. The surfaces were polished (4000 grit).

Fluoride uptake in dentin with and without simulating dentinal fluid flow.

The aim of the present study was to compare fluoride uptake of dentin with and without simulating dentinal fluid flow. Eighty-five dentinal discs were prepared from retained human molars. Seventeen discs were used to assess baseline fluoride content (controls).

Irradiation effects on microhardness of fluoridated and non-fluoridated bovine dentin.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of irradiation on microhardness of dentin. Dentin blocks from the cervical region of bovine incisors were treated as follows: (1) no irradiation; (2) irradiation of specimens up to 60 Gy (2 Gy/day, 5 days/week); (3) no irradiation, but fluoridation of specimens for 5 min/d; (4) irradiation of specimens and daily fluoridation. Knoop hardness number (KHN) of the control specimens was 62.

Initial tensile bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomers and polyacid-modified resins on perfused primary dentin.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial tensile bond strength of a resin-modified glass ionomer (Photac-Fil) and two polyacid-modified composite resins (Compoglass, Dyract) to primary dentin. A hybrid composite resin (Tetric) and two chemical cured glass ionomers (BaseLine, Hi-Dense) served as controls. Ninety caries-free dentinal discs were ground flat and perfused with Ringer's solution.

The effect of temperature change on the load value of Japanese NiTi coil springs in the superelastic range.

Japanese nickel-titanium (NiTi) coil springs exhibit superelastic properties similar to the properties of Japanese NiTi wires. The springs exert a constant light, continuous force over a long range of increasing or decreasing activation. This property enables the springs to be used for physiologic orthodontic movement of teeth.

Properties of resin-modified glass-ionomer restorative materials and two polyacid-modified resin composite materials.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the physical properties of four resin-modified glass-ionomer cements (Fuji II LC, Ionosit Fil, Vitremer, Photac-Fil) and two polyacid-modified resin composite materials (Dyract and Variglass VLC)). They were compared with a hybrid resin composite (blend-a-lux) and a chemically cured glass-ionomer cement (ChemFil Superior). The compressive strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and surface microhardness of the resin-modified glass-ionomer materials and the polyacid-modified resin-composite materials were inferior to those of the hybrid resin composite and similar to those of the conventional glass-ionomer cement.

Influence of dentin conditioning on bond strength of light-cured ionomer restorative materials and polyacid-modified composite resins.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the dentin bond strength of restorative materials containing both glass ionomer and composite resin components. Three resin-modified glass ionomer restorative materials (Fuji II LC, Photac-Fil, Vitremer), three polyacid-modified composite resins (Dyract, Ionosit Fil, VariGlass VLC), a hybrid composite (blend-a-lux) and a chemical-cured glass ionomer cement (ChemFil Superior) were investigated for dentin tensile bond strength with and without conditioning of the tooth surfaces. For each material, tensile bond strength was determined using five conditioned and five unconditioned bovine tooth specimens.

Curing shrinkage and volumetric changes of resin-modified glass ionomer restorative materials.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate initial curing shrinkage and volumetric change during water storage of six resin-modified glass ionomer cements (Dyract, DeTrey Dentsply; Fuji II LC, GC Dental Int.; Ionosit Fil, DMG; VariGlass VLC, DeTrey Dentsply; Vitremer, 3M Dental Products; Photac-Fil, ESPE), a hybrid composite (blend-a-lux, Blendax) and a chemical-cured glass ionomer cement (ChemFil Superior, DeTrey Dentsply).

Methods: The curing shrinkage was determined 5 min and 24 h after polymerization and mixing, respectively.

Fluoride retention of incipient enamel lesions after treatment with a calcium fluoride varnish in vivo.

The aim was to determine the fluoride retention in plaque-covered and clean incipient enamel lesions after topical application of a CaF2/NaF varnish (Bifluorid 12). In 50 specimens of bovine enamel an incipient lesion was produced with acidic hydroxyethylcellulose (pH 4.8; 72 h).

Fracture toughness of pin-retained class 4 restorations.

Standardized class 4 cavities were prepared in bovine incisors and restored with a microfilled composite resin. The composite restorations were retained either by acid etching technique (AET) alone or by acid etching technique in combination with a self-threading retentive pin. Pins covered with a bonding/opaquer coating (PCR pin) and uncovered pins (FO pin) were used.

MR imaging of the TMJ. MR diagnosis and intraoperative findings.

Magnetic resonance imaging provides the possibility of a non-invasive method for the investigation of the soft tissues of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Between March 1991 and August 1992 we performed static and dynamic magnetic resonance images (MRI) on 47 TMJs of 37 symptomatic patients using a MR-tomograph with a 6.5 cm surface coil.

The system of prosthetic treatment for CLAP patients.

The prosthetic treatment of CLAP patients is usually done in three phases: an interceptive treatment during two stages of orthodontics, the definitive prosthetic treatment and usually the secondary treatment. In the interceptive phase we use clasp-retained partials; the definitive treatment is achieved mostly by telescope-retained partials. There is seldom an indication for Maryland-bridges or for dental implants.