Bonding Interface and Repairability of 3D-Printed Intraoral Splints: Shear Bond Strength to Current Polymers, with and without Ageing.

This in-vitro study investigates the bonding interfaces reached by the conditioning of a splint material additively manufactured by digital light processing (AM base) as well as the shear bond strength (SBS) of resins bonded to these surfaces (repair material). Therefore, the AM base was either stored in dry for 12 h or wet environment for 14 days to simulate ageing by intraoral wear. The dry and wet group was bonded after physical and/or chemical conditioning to cylinders made from polymethylmethacrylate or four novel polymers allowing splint modifications.

Improved access to the bone marrow space by multiple perforations of the alveolar bundle bone after tooth extraction-A case report.

Objectives: The dental alveolus is lined by a thin cortical layer ("bundle bone", "alveolar bone proper", "cribriform plate", "lamina dura"), that can impede access to the bone marrow and its vasculature. During unassisted socket healing, the alveolar bundle bone is gradually resorbed allowing tissue resources from the bone marrow to enter into the socket space. An optimized wound healing process, either during unassisted socket healing or during ridge preservation procedures, with autogenous bone and/or any bone/collagen substitute material, depends at least partly on an adequate vascularization of the socket space.

Influence of caries and molar incisor hypomineralization on oral health-related quality of life in children.

Objectives: This study was aimed to compare the impact of caries and molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children.

Material And Methods: A total of 528 German children aged 7 to 10 years were recruited, half affected by caries and the other half affected by MIH. Both groups were matched according to age, sex, and social status and divided into 3 categories according to severity.

Effects of collagen membranes and bone substitute differ in periodontal ligament cell microtissues and monolayers.

Background: Barrier membranes and bone substitute are major tools of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) after periodontal disease. Integrity of the periodontal ligament plays a key role in periodontal health, but its functionality fails to be fully re-established by GTR after disease or trauma. Microtissue models suggest an in vivo-like model to develop novel GTR approaches due to its three-dimensionality.

The impact of photobiomodulation on the chondrogenic potential of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells.

Due to their capacity to differentiate into the chondrogenic lineage, adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC) are a promising source of therapeutically relevant cells for cartilage tissue regeneration. Their differentiation potential, however, varies between patients. In our study, we aim to stimulate ASC towards a more reliable chondrogenic phenotype using photobiomodulation (PBM).

MMPs and TIMPs Expression Levels in the Periodontal Ligament during Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.

During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), applied orthodontic forces cause an extensive remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the periodontal ligament (PDL). This is mainly orchestrated by different types of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), which are both secreted by periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts. Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies already investigated the influence of applied orthodontic forces on the expression of MMPs and TIMPs.

Cross-modality imaging of bisphosphonate-treated murine jawbones.

In this proof-of-principle study, we established and implemented a cross-modality imaging (CMI) pipeline to characterize and compare bisphosphonate (BIS)-treated jawbones of Sprague-Dawley rats after tooth extraction after physical therapies (photobiomodulation and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (PBMT and ESWT)). We showcase the feasibility of such a CMI approach and its compatibility across imaging modalities to probe the same region of interest (ROI) of the same jawbone. Jawbones were imaged in toto in 3D using micro-Computed Tomography to identify ROIs for subsequent sequential 2D analysis using well-established technologies such as Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy, and recent imaging approaches in biomedical settings, such as micro-X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy.

Cyclic tensile strain affects the response of human periodontal ligament stromal cells to tumor necrosis factor-α.

Objectives: Orthodontic treatment in adult patients predisposed to mild or severe periodontal disease is challenging for orthodontists. Orthodontic malpractice or hyper-occlusal forces may aggravate periodontitis-induced destruction of periodontal tissues, but the specific mechanism remains unknown. In the present study, the combined effect of mechanical stress and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α on the inflammatory response in human periodontal ligament stromal cells (hPDLSCs) was investigated.

The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Knowledge, Perception and Attitudes of Dentistry Students in Austria: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Introduction: Universities with dental schools are faced with complex problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dentistry students are at a higher risk of contracting infections, specifically COVID-19, due to direct contact with patients. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, perception and attitude regarding COVID-19 among dentistry students in Austria.

Soft tissue management at implants: Summary and consensus statements of group 2. The 6th EAO Consensus Conference 2021.

Objectives: The task of working Group 2 at the 6th Consensus Meeting of the European Association for Osseointegration was to comprehensively assess the effects of soft tissue augmentation procedures at dental implant sites on clinical, radiographic and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) including an overview on available outcome measures and methods of assessment.

Materials And Methods: Three systematic reviews and one critical review were performed in advance on (i) the effects of soft tissue augmentation procedures on clinical, radiographic and aesthetic outcomes, (ii) reliability and validity of outcome measures and methods of assessment and (iii) PROMs applied in clinical studies for soft tissue augmentation procedures at dental implant sites. Major findings, consensus statements, clinical recommendations and implications for future research were discussed in the group and approved during the plenary sessions.

Pediatric patients' reasons for visiting dentists in all WHO regions.

Background: Oral Function, Orofacial Pain, Orofacial Appearance, and Psychosocial Impact are the four oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) dimensions (4D) or areas in which oral disorders impact pediatric patients. Using their dentists' assessment, the study aimed to evaluate whether pediatric dental patients' oral health concerns fit into the 4D of the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) construct.

Methods: Dentists who treat children from 32 countries and all WHO regions were selected from a web-based survey of 1580 international dentists.

Bone healing around titanium implants in a preclinical model of bile duct ligation-induced liver injury.

Objectives: Chronic liver disease increases the risk for periodontal disease and osteoporotic fractures, but its impacts on bone regeneration remain unknown. Herein, we studied the impact of liver cirrhosis on peri-implant bone formation.

Material And Methods: A total of 20 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: one with the common bile duct ligated (BDL) and the respective sham-treated control group (SHAM).

Cross-Modality Imaging of Murine Tumor Vasculature-a Feasibility Study.

Tumor vasculature and angiogenesis play a crucial role in tumor progression. Their visualization is therefore of utmost importance to the community. In this proof-of-principle study, we have established a novel cross-modality imaging (CMI) pipeline to characterize exactly the same murine tumors across scales and penetration depths, using orthotopic models of melanoma cancer.

Osteoconductive properties of upside-down bilayer collagen membranes in rat calvarial defects.

Background: Bilayer collagen membranes are routinely used in guided bone/tissue regeneration to serve as osteoconductive scaffolds and prevent the invasion of soft tissues. It is recommended to place the membranes with their dense layer towards the soft tissue and their porous layer towards the bony defect area. However, evidence supporting this recommendation is lacking.

Patients' opinion on the use of 2 generations of power-driven water flossers and their impact on gingival inflammation.

Objectives: To assess patients' opinion on the use of 2 generations of power-driven water flossers and their impact on gingival inflammation.

Material & Methods: In the present prospective cohort study 24 periodontitis patients under regular supportive periodontal therapy used daily 2 generations of a power-driven water flosser (Sonicare AirFloss [SAF] and Sonicare AirFloss Ultra [SAFU]) for 12 weeks each. Patients were instructed to position the nozzle interproximally from the buccal aspect at each interproximal space.

Bacterial colonization of a power-driven water flosser during regular use. A proof-of-principle study.

Objectives: The present proof-of-principle study assessed whether daily use of a power-driven water flosser (Sonicare AirFloss; SAF) leads to bacterial colonization in the nozzle and/or the device, resulting in contaminated water-jet.

Material And Methods: In five participants, saliva samples at baseline and water-jet samples of devices used daily with bottled water for 3 weeks (test) were collected. Additionally, water-jet samples from devices used daily with bottled water extra-orally for 3 weeks (positive control) and from brand new devices (negative control), as well as samples from newly opened and 1- and 3-week opened water bottles were collected.

Quantification of dental macrowear using 3D occlusal surface topographic measurements in deciduous and permanent molars of children.

Objectives: Childhood paleodietary reconstruction via dental macrowear analysis is limited in part by available methods to measure dental macrowear. We describe a method to quantify dental macrowear progression (in both deciduous and permanent molars) using a handheld intraoral scanner and two 3D occlusal topographic measurements. We assess the agreement of our macrowear proxies with an established qualitative wear scoring system and their relationship to age.

Standard blood laboratory values as a clinical support tool to distinguish between SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative patients.

Standard blood laboratory parameters may have diagnostic potential, if polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) tests are not available on time. We evaluated standard blood laboratory parameters of 655 COVID-19 patients suspected to be infected with SARS-CoV-2, who underwent PCR testing in one of five hospitals in Vienna, Austria. We compared laboratory parameters, clinical characteristics, and outcomes between positive and negative PCR-tested patients and evaluated the ability of those parameters to distinguish between groups.

Impact of Implant Surface Material and Microscale Roughness on the Initial Attachment and Proliferation of Primary Human Gingival Fibroblasts.

Due to the rising demand for zirconia (Zr) based implant systems, it is important to understand the impact of Zr and titanium (Ti) implants and particularly their topography on soft tissue healing. As human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) are the predominant cells in peri-implant soft tissue, we focused on examining the effect of implant material and surface roughness on hGFs' initial attachment, growth and the expression of proteins involved in the focal adhesion. hGFs isolated from eight healthy donors were cultured on the following surfaces: smooth titanium machined surface (TiM), smooth zirconia machined surface (ZrM), moderately rough titanium surface (SLA), or moderately rough zirconia surface (ZLA) for up to 14 days.

A volumetric prediction model for postoperative cyst shrinkage.

Objectives: With only limited information available on dimensional changes after jaw cyst surgery, postoperative cyst shrinkage remains largely unpredictable. We aimed to propose a model for volumetric shrinkage based on time elapsed since cyst surgery.

Material And Methods: We used data from patients that underwent cyst enucleation or decompression between 2007 and 2017 and had at least three computed tomography (CT) scans per patient.

Changes in oral health-related quality of life after treatment of hypersensitive molar incisor hypomineralization-affected molars with a sealing.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) before and after treatment of hypersensitive molars affected by molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) with a sealing.

Methods: Thirty-eight children with two MIH-affected molars showing hypersensitivity and non-occlusal breakdowns were included. Hypersensitivity was assessed with an evaporative (air) stimulus.

Lugol's solution but not formaldehyde affects bone microstructure and bone mineral density parameters at the insertion site of the rotator cuff in rats.

Background: This study aimed to investigate whether rodent shoulder specimens fixed in formaldehyde for histological and histomorphometric investigations and specimens stained using Lugol's solution for soft tissue visualization by micro-computed tomography (microCT) are still eligible to be used for bone architecture analysis by microCT.

Methods: In this controlled laboratory study, 11 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. After sacrifice and exarticulation both shoulders of healthy rats were assigned into three groups: (A) control group (n = 2); (B) formaldehyde group (n = 4); (C) Lugol group (n = 5).

Greater Osseointegration Potential with Nanostructured Surfaces on TiZr: Accelerated vs. Real-Time Ageing.

Surface chemistry and nanotopography of dental implants can have a substantial impact on osseointegration. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of surface chemistry and nanotopography on the osseointegration of titanium-zirconium (TiZr; Roxolid) discs, using a biomechanical pull-out model in rabbits. Two discs each were placed in both the right and left tibiae of 16 rabbits.

Effect of Enamel Matrix Derivatives on Osteoclast Formation from PBMC of Periodontitis Patients and Healthy Individuals after Interaction with Activated Endothelial Cells.

Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) is produced from developing porcine tooth buds and represents a complex of low-molecular-weight hydrophobic enamel proteins. EMD is widely applied in periodontal regeneration. Osteoclasts are multinuclear cells, which are responsible for bone resorption.

Multimodality imaging beyond CLEM: Showcases of combined in-vivo preclinical imaging and ex-vivo microscopy to detect murine mural vascular lesions.

In imaging, penetration depth comes at the expense of lateral resolution, which restricts the scope of 3D in-vivo imaging of small animals at micrometer resolution. Bioimaging will need to expand beyond correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) approaches to combine insights about in-vivo dynamics in a physiologically relevant 3D environment with ex-vivo information at micrometer resolution (or beyond) within the spatial, structural and biochemical contexts. Our report demonstrates the immense potential for biomedical discovery and diagnosis made available by bridging preclinical in-vivo imaging with ex-vivo biological microscopy to zoom in from the whole organism to individual structures and by adding localized spectroscopic information to structural and functional information.