Development and evaluation of optimized PCR and indirect ELISA for the detection of in dairy cows.

Introduction: () is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, whose increasing virulence and antibiotic resistance negatively impact dairy cow health and productivity, raising concerns in livestock health management. To mitigate this risk, rapid and reliable diagnostic methods for detection are essential. Currently, detection methods for are underdeveloped, prompting us to develop both pathogenic and serological detection methods, including an optimized PCR technique and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA).

Surgical outcomes in patients with Achilles tendon rupture-a retrospective study.

Background: There are two main methods used to treat Achilles tendon rupture (ATR): conservative treatment and surgical intervention. Surgical techniques are divided into three main categories: open surgical repair, mini-open surgical repair, and percutaneous repair (PR). We aimed to compare clinical outcomes in individuals with ATR who were treated with PR, primary repair, and flexor hallucis longus augmentation (FHL-A) with those treated with V-Y plasty and FHL-A.

Safety profile of EZH2 inhibitors for cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the safety profiles of EZH2-targeted inhibitors in cancer treatment, focusing on treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) across various clinical trials.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using data from clinical trials involving EZH2 inhibitors reported up to May 31, 2024. Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), and ClinicalTrials.

Correlation of diabetes and adverse outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in China during a small-scale COVID-19 outbreak.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of diabetes on mortality and adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients and to analyse the associated risk factors.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study in 500 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection (214 with diabetes and 286 without diabetes) admitted to a tertiary hospital in China from December 2022 to February 2023. Demographic information, clinical characteristics and outcomes were collected.

C-reactive protein testing in primary care and antibiotic use in children with acute respiratory tract infections in Kyrgyzstan: an open-label, individually randomised, controlled trial.

Background: Addressing the global antibacterial resistance crisis and aligning with the Kyrgyz Ministry of Health's research priorities, this study assesses the efficacy and safety of C-reactive protein (CRP) testing to guide antibiotic prescriptions in children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) in Kyrgyzstan.

Methods: In this open label individually randomised controlled trial, children aged 6 months to 12 years with ARTI in primary care settings were assigned to receive either standard care or standard care plus CRP testing. The study measured two primary outcomes: total antibiotic usage over a 14-day follow-up and caregiver-reported time to recovery.

Management of Overweight and Obesity in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Increasing evidence has linked obesity to complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, data are limited on the efficacy and impact of weight management strategies on the disease course. There are a strikingly limited number of interventional studies on weight management in patients with IBD, and the recent nutrition and IBD guidelines published in the United States do not mention weight management strategies. Overweight and obesity management in patients with IBD should follow a stepwise approach to assessment and treatment, including lifestyle modification, anti-obesity medications such as glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, endobariatric procedures, and bariatric surgery (if deemed appropriate).

Detection of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Patients Undergoing Open Heart Surgery in Childhood Prior to 1992: A Danish Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.

Background And Aim: Pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery prior to 1992 in Denmark were at risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection through donor blood used in extracorporeal circulation. HCV screening became possible in donors in 1991, eliminating the risk of iatrogenic infections. No formalized screening has been conducted for patients receiving non-screened blood, potentially leaving some with undetected HCV infection.

Immune dynamics throughout life in relation to sex hormones and perspectives gained from gender-affirming hormone therapy.

Biological sex is closely associated with the properties and extent of the immune response, with males and females showing different susceptibilities to diseases and variations in immunity. Androgens, predominantly in males, generally suppress immune responses, while estrogens, more abundant in females, tend to enhance immunity. It is also established that sex hormones at least partially explain sex biases in different diseases, particularly autoimmune diseases in females.

Evaluating the influence of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy combined with IMRT on thyroid dysfunction in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Background: Immunotherapy represents a major breakthrough in malignant tumor treatment in recent years. Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy has significantly prolonged Event-free Survival (EFS) in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC). However, its potent anti-tumor effects can also attack normal tissues and organs, leading to immune-related adverse effects (irAE), with the thyroid being one of the most commonly affected organs.

Evaluation of donor specific antibodies after kidney transplantation in the era of donor-derived cell-free DNA.

Background: Donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) is a promising non-invasive biomarker for detecting graft injury in solid organ transplant recipients. Elevated dd-cfDNA levels are strongly associated with rejection and graft injury, especially antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR). While donor-specific antibodies (dnDSA) are crucial in ABMR, the relationship between dd-cfDNA levels and dnDSA features, such as DSA category, MFI and HLA target loci, remains unclear.

Factors influencing glycocalyx degradation: a narrative review.

The glycocalyx is a layer of villus-like structure covering the luminal surface of vascular endothelial cells. Damage to the glycocalyx has been proven linked to the development of many diseases. However, the factors that promote damage to the glycocalyx are not fully elaborated.

A bibliometric study on the impact of gut microbiota on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients: analysis of the top 100 cited articles.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed oncological treatment by modulating immune responses against tumors. However, their efficacy is subject to inter-patient variability and is associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The human gut microbiota, a complex microbial ecosystem, is increasingly implicated in modulating responses to ICIs.

Potential implications of granzyme B in keloids and hypertrophic scars through extracellular matrix remodeling and latent TGF-β activation.

Keloid scars (KS) and hypertrophic scars (HS) are fibroproliferative wound healing defects characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the dermis of affected individuals. Although transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is known to be involved in the formation of KS and HS, the molecular mechanisms responsible for its activation remain unclear. In this study we investigated Granzyme B (GzmB), a serine protease with established roles in fibrosis and scarring through the cleavage of ECM proteins, as a potential new mediator of TGF-β activation in KS and HS.

Intravenous immunoglobulin for mortality and inflammatory status in patients with sepsis: a retrospective database study.

Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by severe infection. The efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) as adjunctive therapy on mortality remains controversial. Moreover, IVIG may favorably affect sepsis-induced immunosuppression like persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS).

Outcome from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest managed by the pre-hospital emergency medical system in Martinique, a French Caribbean Overseas Territory.

Introduction: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) affects approximately 46,000 people in France annually and survival remains low. There is no published data specific to the characteristics and outcomes of OHCA in French overseas territories, especially in the French Caribbean territories. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of adult OHCA patients managed by the Emergency Medical Service team (EMS) in Martinique.

Validity of out-of-hospital and in-hospital cardiac arrest algorithms in the Danish National Patient Registry.

Aims: Cardiac arrest is registered in the Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR) with the International Classification of Diseases 10 revision code I46. However, it does not distinguish between out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). We validated an algorithm to identify cardiac arrest subtypes (out-of-hospital vs.

Respiratory metrics of neonatal positive pressure ventilation on different ventilatory rates: A simulation study.

Background: Effective ventilation is the core of neonatal resuscitation (NR). T-piece resuscitators (TPR) and self-inflating bags (SIB) are the two most widely utilized resuscitation devices. Nevertheless, limited information is available regarding the respiratory metrics during NR with these devices.

Intrinsic gallium-68 labeling of nanoclays for tracking.

Intrinsic gallium-68 labeling of nanoclays was developed with high labeling yield and radiostability that did good for their tracking.Image 1.

Blocking the adverse outcome pathway of skin sensitization through a -acetyl cysteine and lysine-loaded hydrogel.

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Comparative efficacy of repurposed drugs lopinavir-ritonavir and darunavir-ritonavir in hospitalised COVID-19 patients: insights from a tertiary centre cohort.

Background: Drug repurposing has become a widely adopted strategy to minimise research time, costs, and associated risks. Combinations of protease inhibitors such as lopinavir and darunavir with ritonavir have been repurposed as treatments for COVID-19. Although lopinavir-ritonavir (LPV/r) and darunavir-ritonavir (DRV/r) have shown efficacy against COVID-19, the results in human studies have been inconsistent.

Preparation and evaluation of T4SS recombinant proteins in serodiagnosis of human brucellosis based on TMT-based proteomics technology.

Introduction: Brucellosis, a significant zoonotic infectious disease, poses a global health threat. Accurate and efficient diagnosis is crucial for prevention, control, and treatment of brucellosis. VirB proteins, components of the Type IV secretion system (T4SS) in , play a pivotal role in bacterial virulence and pathogenesis but have been understudied for their diagnostic potential.

Identifying key blood markers for bacteremia in elderly patients: insights into bacterial pathogens.

Background: This study aimed to assess the distribution of bacteremia pathogens in elderly patients, examine the impact of gender on pathogen distribution, and evaluate the predictive value of routine blood parameters for diagnosing bacteremia.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 151 elderly patients (≥60 years old) admitted to Fuding Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between October 2022 and June 2023. Comprehensive routine blood tests and blood cultures were performed.

Clinical evaluation of a multiplex droplet digital PCR for diagnosing suspected bloodstream infections: a prospective study.

Background: Though droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) has emerged as a promising tool for early pathogen detection in bloodstream infections (BSIs), more studies are needed to support its clinical application widely due to different ddPCR platforms with discrepant diagnostic performance. Additionally, there is still a lack of clinical data to reveal the association between pathogen loads detected by ddPCR and corresponding BSIs.

Methods: In this prospective study, 173 patients with suspected BSIs were enrolled.

Exploring the composition of placental microbiome and its potential origin in preterm birth.

Introduction: For years, the placenta was believed to be sterile, but recent studies reveal it hosts a unique microbiome. Despite these findings, significant questions remain about the origins of the placental microbiome and its effects on pregnancy and fetal health. Some studies suggest it may originate from the vaginal tract, while others indicate that oral bacteria can enter the maternal bloodstream and seed the placenta.

Effect of invasive tests during pregnancy on perinatal transmission of hepatitis B infection: a scoping review.

Prenatal and intrapartum invasive tests are possible mechanisms of mother to child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV). The viral activity can affect the MTCT risk after invasive tests, but the evidence is scarce. This scoping review discussed the effects of prenatal or intrapartum invasive tests on the risk of HBV MTCT.