Favorable long-term outcome of nephrotic syndrome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Background: The development of nephrotic syndrome (NS) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HS-CT) is a rare complication with few long-term outcome data.

Patients: Clinical course and long-term outcome of three adult patients and one child with NS after HSCT (total number of transplants n = 533) are presented.

Results: The median age at onset of NS was 35 years (range 15 - 56), occurring at a median of 17 months (range 11 - 21) after HSCT.

IgG2 deficiency in uremic children is not restricted to peritoneal dialysis treatment.

To date there are no data concerning IgG subclasses in children with preterminal chronic renal failure (CRF), although a reduction of total serum IgG, including its major subclasses IgG1 and IgG2, has been demonstrated in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Therefore we studied total IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgG subclasses in preterminal CRF (n = 25), PD (n = 22) patients, and 13 age-matched healthy children and also compared results with age-related normal values previously established in 226 healthy children. While total IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgG 1 were comparable, there was a significant deficiency of IgG2 in children both with preterminal CRF and on PD compared with controls.

Hyperkalemia: therapeutic options in acute and chronic renal failure.

Hyperkalemia is a life threatening emergency and warrants immediate treatment because of its deleterious cardiac consequences. Initial measures in mild cases include restriction and binding of dietary potassium, correction of metabolic acidosis and increasing urinary excretion by furosemide. In moderate and severe hyperkalemia infusion of glucose with insulin has been regarded as the standard medical treatment so far.