Reductive stress in mitochondria isolated from the carotid body of type 1 diabetic male Wistar rats.

The carotid body (CB) senses changes in arterial O partial pressure (pO) and glucose levels; therefore, it is key for the detection of hypoxia and hypoglycemia. The CB has been suggested to detect pO through an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria. However, the mechanism protecting the chemoreceptor cells and their mitochondria from ROS and hyperglycemia is poorly understood.

Capsaicin Decreases Kidney Iron Deposits and Increases Hepcidin Levels in Diabetic Rats with Iron Overload: A Preliminary Study.

Iron overload (IOL) increases the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM). Capsaicin (CAP), an agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1), reduces the effects of IOL. We evaluated the effects of chronic CAP administration on hepcidin expression, kidney iron deposits, and urinary biomarkers in a male Wistar rat model with IOL and DM (DM-IOL).

Effects of Moderate- and High-Intensity Chronic Exercise on the Adiponectin Levels in Slow-Twitch and Fast-Twitch Muscles in Rats.

: Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle secrete adiponectin, a hormone abundantly secreted by adipocytes, that through the adiponectin receptor, regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Adiponectin appears to protect skeletal muscles from inflammatory damage induced by oxidative stress. It has been suggested that decreased adiponectin levels could be associated with pathologic conditions, including obesity and diabetes.

Nitric oxide in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius is involved in hypoglycemic conditioned response.

The repeated injection of insulin (unconditioned stimulus, UCS) immediately followed by exposure to sensory stimulation (e.g. sound or odor; conditioned stimulus, CS) results in a learned conditioned reflex in which the exposure to the CS alone lowers blood glucose.

Do certain signal transduction mechanisms explain the comorbidity of epilepsy and mood disorders?

It is well known that mood disorders are highly prevalent in patients with epilepsy. Although several studies have aimed to characterize alterations in different types of receptors associated with both disturbances, there is a lack of studies focused on identifying the causes of this comorbidity. Here, we described some changes at the biochemical level involving serotonin, dopamine, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors as well as signal transduction mechanisms that may explain the coexistence of both epilepsy and mood disorders.

Dp71f modulates GSK3-beta recruitment to the beta1-integrin adhesion complex.

Previously, it was shown that Dp71f binds to the beta1-integrin adhesion complex to modulate PC12 cell adhesion. The absence of Dp71f led to a failure in the beta1-integrin adhesion complex formation. One of the structural proteins which links the beta1-integrin cytoplasmic domain to the actin cytoskeleton is ILK.