Halitosis.

Halitosis is a widespread condition presenting several social and psychological implications, leading to a reduction in the quality of life of an individual. Halitosis, per definition, defines an unpleasant smell of the exhaled air, independent of its etiology. It can have a long-term prevalence or be transient, making it difficult to establish this symptom's epidemiology.

The bifid mandibular canal in three-dimensional radiography: morphologic and quantitative characteristics.

The mandibular canal is a prominent anatomical structure and it is of great clinical importance since it contains the inferior alveolar nerve. The clinician is advised to proceed cautiously in the vicinity of the mandibular canal to avoid any damage to its neurovascular content. Based on observations in dry mandibles, in panoramic radiographs, and recently in three-dimensional radiography, various anatomical variations of the mandibular canals have been described.

Outcome of first-time surgical closures of oroantral communications due to tooth extractions. A retrospective analysis of 162 cases.

The objective of this study was to analyze the outcome of first-time surgical closures of oroantral communications (OAC) after tooth extractions. Using a billing software, all patients treated in a surgery department were filtered for interventions of the maxillary sinus indicative of OAC therapy. Out of 221 initially eligible cases, the charts of 162 cases fulfilling the inclusion criteria were retrospectively evaluated for the outcome in terms of symptom-free OAC closure as well as possibly influencing patient and treatment factors.

Occurrence of Vertical Root Fractures after Apical Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis.

Introduction: Vertical root fractures (VRFs) are among the most frequent causes of tooth loss, mainly of endodontically treated teeth. However, very few data is available about the occurrence of VRFs following apical surgery.

Methods: Patient charts from 864 patients with 1058 teeth treated with apical surgery (September 1999 to December 2018) were retrospectively evaluated, if a VRF had occurred after surgery.

Extraoral anatomy in CBCT – a literature review. Part 4: Pharyngocervical region.

This review about extraoral anatomy depicted in cone beam computed tomography describes the pharyngocervical region. Large (≥ 8 × 8 cm) field of views of the maxilla and/or mandible will inevita-bly depict the pharyngocervical region that com-prises the posterior upper airway, the pharyngeal part of the digestive tract, as well as the cervical segment of the spine. The latter consists of seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) with corresponding distinctive features, i.

Do different cone beam computed tomography exposure protocols influence subjective image quality prior to and after root canal treatment?

Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate different CBCT exposure protocols and influencing factors affecting the subjective image quality of scans taken for endodontic indications.

Materials And Methods: Twelve extracted teeth, comprising of two sets of maxillary molars, premolars, canines and incisors, mandibular premolars, and molars, were endodontically treated, and either received a fiber or metal post. The teeth were scanned by CBCT imaging before and after root canal treatment, and after post insertion.

Individualization of the three-piece base arch mechanics according to various periodontal support levels: A finite element analysis.

Introduction: The orthodontic correction of periodontally compromised dentitions constitutes a huge challenge in the clinical practice of adult orthodontics. The biological and physical distinct features of these conditions require a carefully designed mechanical plan for the successful treatment of these complex cases.

Setting And Sample Population: A segment of a human maxilla containing the central and lateral incisors, obtained from autopsy, was scanned with microcomputed tomography, and a finite element (FE) model was generated to represent an intact periodontal dentition.

Perforation of the maxillary sinus floor during apical surgery of maxillary molars: A retrospective analysis using cone beam computed tomography.

This retrospective analysis assessed a possible correlation of perforation of the maxillary sinus floor during apical surgery of maxillary molars and the distances from the treated apices/periapical radiolucencies to the sinus floor. The material included 168 apical surgeries of maxillary first or second molars performed from 1999 to 2016. In 22 (out of 33) perforation cases, a preoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was available.

Current Applications, Opportunities, and Limitations of AI for 3D Imaging in Dental Research and Practice.

The increasing use of three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques in dental medicine has boosted the development and use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems for various clinical problems. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral/facial scans are potential sources of image data to develop 3D image-based AI systems for automated diagnosis, treatment planning, and prediction of treatment outcome. This review focuses on current developments and performance of AI for 3D imaging in dentomaxillofacial radiology (DMFR) as well as intraoral and facial scanning.

Evaluation of the relationship between malar projection and lower facial convexity in terms of perceived attractiveness in 3-dimensional reconstructed images.

Background: This study aimed to investigate dental student's perception of facial attractiveness with regard to different combinations of anteroposterior malar-jaw positions using 3-dimensional (3-D) reconstructed images of subjects.

Methods: Two Chinese young adults (1 male and 1 female) with straight profiles and average malar projections were selected for the study. 3-D facial images and cone-beam computed tomography images of these two subjects were superimposed using 3-D imaging software.

Bioceramic root repair material (BCRRM) for root-end obturation in apical surgery. An analysis of 174 teeth after 1 year.

The objective of this paper was the analysis of the 1-year outcome of teeth treated with apical surgery and a recently introduced bioceramic root repair material (BCRRM) for root-end filling. Patients were consecutively enrolled from 2015 to 2017. Apical surgery included the modern technique, i.

Dry Skulls and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) for Teaching Orofacial Bone Anatomy to Undergraduate Dental Students.

Learning bone anatomy of the skull is a complex topic involving three-dimensional information. The impact of the use of human dry skulls and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging was investigated in the teaching of undergraduate dental students. Sixty-four first-year students in the University of Hong Kong were randomly divided into eight groups.

Stability of screw-retention in two-piece zirconia implants: An in vitro study.

Objectives: To compare the stability of a screw-retained connection in a novel two-piece zirconia implant to a conventional titanium-based connection in an in vitro chewing simulation including artificial ageing.

Material And Methods: Incisor (I) and molar (M) shaped monolithic zirconia crowns were screw-retained on either two-piece zirconia (test) or two-piece titanium (control) implants resulting in 4 groups of 8 samples (titanium implants with incisor-shaped crowns (T-I), titanium implants with molar-shaped crowns (T-M), zirconia implants with incisor-shaped crowns (Z-I) and zirconia implants with molar-shaped crowns (Z-M). These were subjected to artificial ageing by thermal cycling (TC: 2 × 3000 × 5°C/55°C cycles of 2 min) and mechanical loading (ML: 1.

Extraoral anatomy in CBCT – a literature review. Part 3: Retromaxillary region.

In this review about extraoral anatomy as depicted by cone beam computed tomography, the retromaxillary region is discussed. A medium-sized (6 x 6 cm) or large (≥ 8 x 8 cm) field of view of the maxilla will inevitably depict the retromaxillary region that can be considered a «transition» zone between the viscerocranium and the neurocranium. Major structures of the region include the sphenoid bone and the pterygopalatine fossae.

Cone beam computed tomography artefacts around dental implants with different materials influencing the detection of peri-implant bone defects.

Objectives: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for the diagnosis of peri-implant bone defects of titanium (Ti), zirconium dioxide (ZrO ) or titanium-zirconium (Ti-Zr) alloy implants.

Materials And Methods: Ti, Ti-Zr or ZrO implants with two diameters (3.3 mm, 4.

Unique air inclusions within the nasopalatine duct indicating its presence radiographically: a case presentation.

The anterior maxilla is characterized by the nasopalatine canal that originates bilaterally from the anterior nasal floor, subsequently fuses, and terminates at the incisive foramen in the anterior palate. Embryologically, this structure forms within the primary palate, and contains the neurovascular bundle, but also continuous epithelialized bands. The latter, termed nasopalatine ducts, usually degenerate and/or obliterate before birth.

Sinus floor elevation or referral for further diagnosis and therapy: A comparison of maxillary sinus assessment by ENT specialists and dentists using cone beam computed tomography.

Objectives: To compare ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialists and dentists assessing health or pathology of maxillary sinuses using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Material And Methods: Two ENT specialists and two oral surgeons assessed 100 CBCT datasets of healthy patients referred for dental implant placement in the posterior maxilla and decided on the possibility of sinus floor elevation or the necessity for further diagnostic examinations based solely on radiographic findings. Inter-rater agreements within the same specialty were calculated with Cohen's kappa and overall agreements with Fleiss kappa, and factors influencing the decisions taken were evaluated using regression analyses.

Nasopalatine canal and periapical radiolucency fusion following dentoalveolar trauma: A CBCT-based case-control study.

Background/aim: There is a lack of evidence regarding the radiological characteristics of a periapical radiolucency (PRL) fusion with the nasopalatine canal (NPC) following dentoalveolar trauma. The aim of this study was to assess the NPC enlargement resulting from fusion with a PRL and its relationship with the surrounding anatomical structures.

Material And Methods: A total of 100 patients was retrospectively recruited and divided into two groups: case group and control group.

Combining culture and culture-independent methods reveals new microbial composition of halitosis patients' tongue biofilm.

Background: Oral malodor is a very discomforting condition deriving from the presence of volatile sulfur compounds in the expired air. In halitosis of intraoral etiology, the volatile sulfur compounds are metabolic products of the oral microorganisms within the biofilm coating the tongue dorsum as well as other tissues in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the microbial composition of tongue biofilm in volunteers suffering from halitosis and healthy volunteers by means of both the culture method and culture-independent cloning technique.

The ability of marginal detection using different intraoral scanning systems: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: To assess the clinical ability of marginal detection of different intraoral optical scanning (IOS) systems.

Methods: The Ethics Committee of the University of Siena, Italy approved the research project. Thirty patients in need of an onlay/inlay with supra-gingival margins were included and randomly divided in three groups of 10 (3× n=10) according to the IOS for chairside capturing:(A) GC-Europe (Aadva); (B) True-Definition-TD; (C) Trios.

Group 3 ITI Consensus Report: Patient-reported outcome measures associated with implant dentistry.

Objectives: The aim of Working Group 3 was to focus on three topics that were assessed using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). These topics included the following: (a) the aesthetics of tooth and implant-supported fixed dental prostheses focusing on partially edentulous patients, (b) a comparison of fixed and removable implant-retained prostheses for edentulous populations, and (c) immediate versus early/conventional loading of immediately placed implants in partially edentate patients. PROMs include ratings of satisfaction and oral health-related quality of life (QHRQoL), as well as other indicators, that is, pain, general health-related quality of life (e.