Improving neuroblastoma risk prediction through a polygenic risk score derived from genome-wide association study-identified loci.

Objective: Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children and has complex genetic underpinnings. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified many loci associated with neuroblastoma susceptibility; however, their application in risk prediction for Chinese children has not been systematically explored. This study seeks to enhance neuroblastoma risk prediction by validating these loci and evaluating their performance in polygenic risk models.

Prophylactic hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer after curative surgery: Final results of a phase II trial.

Objective: The trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with cisplatin for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC).

Methods: Between March 2015 and November 2016, a phase II clinical trial was performed. Fifty consecutive patients with LAGC were randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group (radical gastrectomy + HIPEC with cisplatin + adjuvant chemotherapy) and the control group (radical gastrectomy + adjuvant chemotherapy).

Predicting PD-L1 in Lung Adenocarcinoma Using F-FDG PET/CT Radiomic Features.

: This study aims to retrospectively analyze the clinical and imaging data of 101 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent [F]FDG PET/CT examination and were pathologically confirmed in the Department of Nuclear Medicine at Peking University Cancer Hospital. This study explores the predictive value and important features of [F]FDG PET/CT radiomics for PD-L1 expression levels in lung adenocarcinoma patients, assisting in screening patients who may benefit from immunotherapy. : 101 patients with histologically confirmed lung adenocarcinoma who received pre-treatment [F] FDG PET/CT were included.

Sleep disturbances among older adults from the Russian Far East experiencing social loss: is there a sex difference?

Background: Maintaining sleep health in the elderly is of great significance for promoting health equity. The elderly usually experience more social losses, which may lead to many health problems. Few studies have revealed the relationship between social losses and sleep disturbance in the elderly.

Neutrophil-modulated Dicer expression in macrophages influences inflammation resolution.

The precise molecular mechanisms through which neutrophils regulate macrophages in the progression and resolution of acute inflammation remain poorly understood. Here, we present new findings on the role of Dicer in regulating macrophage phenotypic transitions essential for proper inflammatory progression and resolution, influenced by neutrophils. Using a zymosan A (Zym A)-induced self-limited mouse peritonitis model, we observed that Dicer expression in macrophages was significantly reduced by neutrophil-derived IFN-γ during the progression phase, but gradually returned to normal levels during the resolution phase following the engulfment of apoptotic neutrophils.

Establishment and application of a rapid method for the determination of both total and unbound anlotinib concentrations by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

The unbound concentration of anlotinib is closely associated with its therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions. In this study, we established an accurate and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the detection of total and unbound concentrations of anlotinib, which was subsequently applied to clinical samples. The separation of unbound and protein-bound anlotinib was achieved through filtration-ultrafiltration (CF-UF).

Comparative proteomic analysis of the telogen-to-anagen transition in cashmere goat secondary hair follicles.

Secondary hair follicles (SHFs) in cashmere goats produce high-value cashmere fibers, which cyclic regulation is critical for optimizing cashmere yield and quality. This study explores the phenotypic changes and differential protein expression profiles involved in the telogen-to-anagen transition of SHFs. Through histological observations, proteomic analyses, and immunohistochemical validation, we identified key molecular features and regulatory pathways underlying SHF cyclic renewal.

A comprehensive analysis of the prognostic value, expression characteristics and immune correlation of MKI67 in cancers.

Background: nuclear-associated antigen Ki67 (Ki67) emerges as a clinically practical biomarker for proliferation assessment among many cancer types. However, the definite prognostic value of Ki67 against a specific cancer type has remained vague. This study aims to perform a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of the prognosis value of Ki67 across various cancer types.

Clinical characteristics and survival analysis of cancer of unknown primary.

Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a diagnosis that the primary lesion cannot be confirmed by a series of imaging, endoscopic and pathological examinations. The present study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of patients with CUP. The present retrospective observational study included patients diagnosed with malignancies confirmed as CUP using histopathology at the Oncology Department of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University (Shijiazhuang, China) from January 2009 to January 2021.

Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare spindle-cell neoplasm. IMT currently suffers from a paucity of standardized diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines. The Chinese expert consensus committee on the diagnosis and treatment of IMT formed an "Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor".

RBM10 deficiency promotes brain metastasis by modulating sphingolipid metabolism in a BBB model of EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Brain metastasis significantly contributes to the failure of targeted therapy in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Reduced expression of RNA-binding motif protein 10 (RBM10) is associated with brain metastasis in these patients. However, the mechanism by which RBM10 affects brain metastasis in EGFR-mutated LUAD remains unclear.

Efficacy and safety of larotrectinib in patients with TRK fusion gastrointestinal cancer.

Background: Larotrectinib is the first-in-class, highly selective TRK inhibitor with demonstrated efficacy in various TRK fusion solid tumours. We report the efficacy and safety of larotrectinib in patients with TRK fusion gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.

Methods: Patients with TRK fusion GI cancer from NAVIGATE (NCT02576431) were included.

Survival benefits of postoperative radiotherapy in esophageal cancer during the immunotherapy era:a retrospective cohort study based on the SEER database and a single-center registry in China.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the survival benefits of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in patients with resectable esophageal cancer (EC) after neoadjuvant therapy in the Immunotherapy era.

Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective cohort study, which included a total of 733 patients with EC from the SEER database and a single-center cohort. We used propensity score matching (PSM) to equilibrate patient characteristics.

Integrative metabolomics and microbiomics analysis reveals distinctive microbiota-metabolites interactions in gastric carcinogenesis.

Gastric microbiota and metabolites may interact and play collaborative roles in the carcinogenesis process. This study aims to investigate differential metabolites and microbes, as well as the possible roles of microbe-metabolite interactions in gastric cancer (GC) development. Targeted metabolomics assays and 16S rRNA sequencing were performed to compare metabolic and microbial profiles in gastric tissues from subjects with superficial gastritis/chronic atrophic gastritis (SG/CAG), intestinal metaplasia/low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (IM/LGIN) and GC.

Comparative safety signals of dopamine agonists: psychiatric and cardiovascular risks derived from FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) data.

Background: Dopamine receptor agonists (DAs) are widely used as first-line therapeutic agents for Parkinson's disease. However, comparative clinical trials assessing their safety profiles are limited. This study aims to compare adverse event (AE) data across various DAs to inform personalized treatment strategies.

Competitive antagonism of KAT7 crotonylation against acetylation affects procentriole formation and colorectal tumorigenesis.

Accurate procentriole formation is critical for centriole duplication. However, the holistic transcriptional regulatory mechanisms underlying this process remain elusive. Here, we show that KAT7 crotonylation, facilitated by the crotonyltransferase hMOF, competes against its acetylation regulated by the deacetylase HDAC2 at the K432 residue upon DNA damage stimulation.

Chinese Association of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Superficial Organs and Peripheral Vessels Committee Expert Consensus on Selected Common Clinical Issues in Parathyroid Ultrasound (2024 Edition).

Parathyroid ultrasound is widely used in clinical practice and plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of parathyroid diseases. Nevertheless, ultrasound physicians frequently encounter a number of challenges and doubts in their professional practice. For this reason, Superficial Organs and Peripheral Vessels Committee of Chinese Association of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering has formulated the expert consensus on certain common clinical problems of parathyroid ultrasound based on the current research progress and clinical experience, in order to guide the clinical practice.

Spatial-Temporal Diversity of Extrachromosomal DNA Shapes Urothelial Carcinoma Evolution and Tumor-Immune Microenvironment.

Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) presents a promising target for cancer therapy; however, its spatial-temporal diversity and influence on tumor evolution and the immune microenvironment remain largely unclear. We apply computational methods to analyze ecDNA from whole-genome sequencing data of 595 urothelial carcinoma (UC) patients. We demonstrate that ecDNA drives clonal evolution through structural rearrangements during malignant transformation and recurrence of UC.

Risk factors associated with immune-related severe adverse events in patients with cancer: A scoping review.

Objective: Increasing reports of immune-related severe adverse events (ir-SAEs) among patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have raised significant concerns regarding patient safety. Although considerable research has addressed immune-related adverse events (irAEs), the risk factors specifically associated with ir-SAEs remain less well defined. This study aims to identify and synthesize the risk factors contributing to ir-SAEs in patients with cancer.

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Enhance Procoagulant Activity and Predict Poor Prognosis in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Objective: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are associated with poor prognosis and an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). This study aims to determine whether NETs promote hypercoagulability and if NETs and plasma hypercoagulability markers are biomarkers of survival in MBC.

Methods: Circulating levels of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) markers and hypercoagulability markers (TAT, fibrinogen, and D-dimer) were assessed in 112 MBC patients before treatment, compared to 55 healthy controls.

Lymph node metastatic patterns of gastric carcinoma with a combination of adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma components.

Background: Gastric mixed-adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (G-MANEC) is a subtype of gastric cancer. Building upon prior research findings, we propose that tumours containing both neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) components, with each component ranging from 1% to 99% of the tumour, be classified as a distinct entity. We hereby term this adenoneuroendocrine mixed gastric cancer (G-ANEC).

IFIT3: a crucial mediator in innate immunity and tumor progression with therapeutic implications.

Interferon-Induced Protein with Tetratricopeptide Repeats 3 (IFIT3) plays a dual role in innate immunity and tumor immunity, functioning as both a viral defense molecule and a regulator of tumor progression. This review explores the mechanisms through which IFIT3 modulates immune responses, including interferon signaling, RIG-I-like receptors, and the NF-κB pathway. IFIT3 facilitates immune evasion and promotes inflammation-mediated tumor growth by regulating immune checkpoints and the tumor microenvironment, its emerging role as a target for cancer immunotherapy opens new avenues for therapeutic strategies.

Causes of death in locally advanced esophageal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: To compare the causes of death in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with stage T3-4aN0M0/T1-4aN1-3 M0 esophageal cancer who underwent either neoadjuvant chemotherapy or neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery. Overall survival (OS) and specific causes of death were analyzed and compared between the two treatment groups.

Progress and Application of Multifunctional Ultrasound Theranostic Agents.

Ultrasound is an indispensable technology in the biomedical field. With the continuous integration and development of ultrasound medical technology, its potential application value in disease diagnosis and treatment has become increasingly prominent. As the technical core, novel multifunctional ultrasound theranostic agents have been the main focus of research.