In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of 7-Ketocholesterol and 7β-Hydroxycholesterol on the Peroxisomal Status: Prevention of Peroxisomal Damages and Concept of Pexotherapy.

7-Ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol are most often derived from the autoxidation of cholesterol. Their quantities are often increased in the body fluids and/or diseased organs of patients with age-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, age-related macular degeneration, and sarcopenia which are frequently associated with a rupture of RedOx homeostasis leading to a high oxidative stress contributing to cell and tissue damages. On murine cells from the central nervous system (158N oligodendrocytes, microglial BV-2 cells, and neuronal N2a cells) as well as on C2C12 murine myoblasts, these two oxysterols can induce a mode of cell death which is associated with qualitative, quantitative, and functional modifications of the peroxisome.

Circulating tumour cells and PD-L1-positive small extracellular vesicles: the liquid biopsy combination for prognostic information in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are minimally invasive liquid biopsy biomarkers. This study investigated whether they predict prognosis, alone or in combination, in heterogenous unbiased non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Methods: Plasma samples of 54 advanced NSCLC patients from a prospective clinical trial.

Phylogenetic relatedness can influence cover crop-based weed suppression.

Cover crops are plants grown to provide regulating, supporting, and cultural ecosystem services in managed environments. In agricultural systems, weed suppression services from cover crops can be an important tool to promote sustainability as reliance on herbicides and tillage for weed management has caused pollution, biodiversity loss, and human health issues. However, to effectively use weed suppression services from cover crops, farmers must carefully select species that fit within their rotations and suppress their problematic weeds.

Genotypic variations and interspecific interactions modify gene expression and biofilm formation of Xanthomonas retroflexus.

Multispecies biofilms are important models for studying the evolution of microbial interactions. Co-cultivation of Xanthomonas retroflexus (XR) and Paenibacillus amylolyticus (PA) systemically leads to the appearance of an XR wrinkled mutant (XRW), increasing biofilm production. The nature of this new interaction and the role of each partner remain unclear.

The Action Mechanisms, Anti-Cancer and Antibiotic-Modulation Potential of L. Extract.

Background: Herbal medicinal products containing L. (bilberry) fruits and fruit extracts are widely available in the market. Although bilberry leaves and stems are considered as bio-waste, they contain much higher levels of phenolic compounds than fruits.

Effects of biochar on soil microbial communities: A meta-analysis.

Changes in soil microbial communities may impact soil fertility and stability because microbial communities are key to soil functioning by supporting soil ecological quality and agricultural production. The effects of soil amendment with biochar on soil microbial communities are widely documented but studies highlighted a high degree of variability in their responses following biochar application. The multiple conditions under which they were conducted (experimental designs, application rates, soil types, biochar properties) make it difficult to identify general trends.

Asynchronous Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Protocol Effects on Adolescent Athletes' Cognitive Appraisals and Recovery-Stress States.

This study examined the effect of an asynchronous heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-BFBasync) protocol on national-level adolescent swimmers' cognitive appraisals and recovery-stress states during a six-week ecological training period. A polynomial mixed-effects multilevel regression analysis approach was used with 27 adolescent national-level swimmers randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 14) and a control group (n = 13). Six waves of assessments of cognitive appraisals and recovery-stress states were completed during six weeks of training preparation in ecological conditions.

Effects of polyphenols and their metabolites on age-related diseases.

Aging contributes to the progressive loss of cellular biological functions and increases the risk of age-related diseases. Cardiovascular diseases, some neurological disorders and cancers are generally classified as age-related diseases that affect the lifespan of individuals. These diseases result from the accumulation of cellular damage and reduced activity of protective stress response pathways, which can lead to inflammation and oxidative stress, which play a key role in the aging process.

Pathogenic RAB34 variants impair primary cilium assembly and cause a novel oral-facial-digital syndrome.

Oral-facial-digital syndromes (OFDS) are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders characterized by defects in the development of the face and oral cavity along with digit anomalies. Pathogenic variants in over 20 genes encoding ciliary proteins have been found to cause OFDS through deleterious structural or functional impacts on primary cilia. We identified by exome sequencing bi-allelic missense variants in a novel disease-causing ciliary gene RAB34 in four individuals from three unrelated families.

Mixture of longitudinal factor analyzers and their application to the assessment of chronic pain.

Multivariate longitudinal data are used in a variety of research areas not only because they allow to analyze time trajectories of multiple indicators, but also to determine how these trajectories are influenced by other covariates. In this article, we propose a mixture of longitudinal factor analyzers. This model could be used to extract latent factors representing multiple longitudinal noisy indicators in heterogeneous longitudinal data and to study the impact of one or several covariates on these latent factors.

Activity of Na/K- and Ca-ATPases in human erythrocyte membranes: Protocol improvement, relation to cholesterol content, and effects of polyphenols.

It is known that the activities of Na/K- and Ca-ATPases in the plasma membrane with an excess of cholesterol are compromised. Our main goal was to find out whether quercetin, resveratrol, or caffeic acid, in the nano- and low micromolar concentration ranges, can improve the ATPase activity in human erythrocyte membranes with excess cholesterol. These molecules belong to different chemical classes of polyphenols and are widely present in plant foods.

Distinct Regulation of EZH2 and its Repressive H3K27me3 Mark in Polyomavirus-Positive and -Negative Merkel Cell Carcinoma.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin cancer for which Merkel cell polyomavirus integration and expression of viral oncogenes small T and Large T have been identified as major oncogenic determinants. Recently, a component of the PRC2 complex, the histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) that induces H3K27 trimethylation as a repressive mark has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target in MCC. Because divergent results have been reported for the levels of EZH2 and trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone 3, we analyzed these factors in a large MCC cohort to identify the molecular determinants of EZH2 activity in MCC and to establish MCC cell lines' sensitivity to EZH2 inhibitors.

The impact of agricultural management on soil aggregation and carbon storage is regulated by climatic thresholds across a 3000 km European gradient.

Organic carbon and aggregate stability are key features of soil quality and are important to consider when evaluating the potential of agricultural soils as carbon sinks. However, we lack a comprehensive understanding of how soil organic carbon (SOC) and aggregate stability respond to agricultural management across wide environmental gradients. Here, we assessed the impact of climatic factors, soil properties and agricultural management (including land use, crop cover, crop diversity, organic fertilization, and management intensity) on SOC and the mean weight diameter of soil aggregates, commonly used as an indicator for soil aggregate stability, across a 3000 km European gradient.

The giant diploid faba genome unlocks variation in a global protein crop.

Increasing the proportion of locally produced plant protein in currently meat-rich diets could substantially reduce greenhouse gas emissions and loss of biodiversity. However, plant protein production is hampered by the lack of a cool-season legume equivalent to soybean in agronomic value. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.

Experimental community coalescence sheds light on microbial interactions in soil and restores impaired functions.

Background: Microbes typically live in communities where individuals can interact with each other in numerous ways. However, knowledge on the importance of these interactions is limited and derives mainly from studies using a limited number of species grown in coculture. Here, we manipulated soil microbial communities to assess the contribution of interactions between microorganisms for assembly of the soil microbiome.

Simultaneous isolation of CD45 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor cells, and associated fibroblasts from murine breast tumor model by MACS.

The study of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its interactions with cancer cells is an important issue in cancer research. Here, we present a protocol to sort three important cell populations from murine triple negative breast cancer 4T1 model TME, including CD45 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and tumor cells. The protocol includes four steps: generation of 4T1 tumors, tumor collection and digestion, magnetic sorting of the different populations, and phenotypic validation of sorted cells.

Profiles of Volatile Compounds from Seven New Hybrid Families Obtained by Crossings on Noir de Bourgogne Cultivar and Other Blackcurrant Varieties.

Berries of blackcurrant ( L.) are popular for their strong and complex aroma and their benefits for health. In Burgundy (France), the most famous blackcurrant cultivar is the "Noir de Bourgogne".

Quantum Control by Few-Cycles Pulses: The Two-Level Problem.

We investigate the problem of population transfer in a two-states system driven by an external electromagnetic field featuring a few cycles, until the extreme limit of two or one cycle. Taking the physical constraint of zero-area total field into account, we determine strategies leading to ultrahigh-fidelity population transfer despite the failure of the rotating wave approximation. We specifically implement adiabatic passage based on adiabatic Floquet theory for a number of cycles as low as 2.

Deep Chemical and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Antifungal Industrial Chitosans-Biocontrol Applications.

Five different chitosan samples (CHI-1 to CHI-5) from crustacean shells with high deacetylation degrees (>93%) have been deeply characterized from a chemical and physicochemical point of view in order to better understand the impact of some parameters on the bioactivity against two pathogens frequently encountered in vineyards, and . All the samples were analyzed by SEC-MALS, H-NMR, elemental analysis, XPS, FTIR, mass spectrometry, pyrolysis, and TGA and their antioxidant activities were measured (DPPH method). Molecular weights were in the order: CHI-4 and CHI-5 (MW >50 kDa) > CHI-3 > CHI-2 and CHI-1 (MW < 20 kDa).

Fatalistic Beliefs, Cultural Beliefs and Socio-Instrumental Control Beliefs: What are the Links? Can We Speak of an Active Fatalism?

Taking into account beliefs and culture is essential in behaviour analysis in various areas of life and work. However, knowledge about the links between these beliefs is sparse and imprecise. This article analyses the links between fatalistic, cultural and socio-instrumental control beliefs, by a questionnaire on a sample of 515 Cameroonian partcipants including male ( = 290) and female ( = 225), workers from the public ( = 208), formal private ( = 265) and informal ( = 40) sectors.

Two Argan Oil Phytosterols, Schottenol and Spinasterol, Attenuate Oxidative Stress and Restore LPS-Dysregulated Peroxisomal Functions in and Wild-Type BV-2 Microglial Cells.

Oxidative stress and inflammation are the key players in neuroinflammation, in which microglia dysfunction plays a central role. Previous studies suggest that argan oil attenuates oxidative stress, inflammation, and peroxisome dysfunction in mouse brains. In this study, we explored the effects of two major argan oil (AO) phytosterols, Schottenol (Schot) and Spinasterol (Spina), on oxidative stress, inflammation, and peroxisomal dysfunction in two murine microglial BV-2 cell lines, () and ()-deficient cells challenged with LPS treatment.

Effect of a karst system (France) on extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli.

Karst aquifers are an important water resource worldwide particularly exposed to anthropogenic pollution, including antibiotic-resistance. The release of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens in the environment is a major public health challenge worldwide. In this One Health study, we aimed to determine the effect of karst on antibiotic-resistant bacteria.