p53motifDB: integration of genomic information and tumor suppressor p53 binding motifs.

The tumor suppressor gene encodes the DNA binding transcription factor p53 and is one of the most commonly mutated genes in human cancer. Tumor suppressor activity requires binding of p53 to its DNA response elements and subsequent transcriptional activation of a diverse set of target genes. Despite decades of close study, the logic underlying p53 interactions with its numerous potential genomic binding sites and target genes is not yet fully understood.

Breastfeeding disparities and recommended strategies to end them in New York.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify strategies to address breastfeeding disparities across New York in the United States.

Methods: Data were collected from August-December 2021 using a qualitative research design that included 45 key informant interviews and 253 online questionnaires.

Results: Ninety-six percent of participants lived in or represented New York, and four percent were national experts.

The Value of Medical Chart Reviews: A Methodological Approach to Supplement Mortality Data During Pandemic Outbreaks.

Administrative data may provide incomplete understanding of pandemic disease impact. Medical record review-based assessments of COVID-19-related causes of death were conducted among people with diagnosed HIV in New York State, which identified more COVID-19-related causes of death than Vital Statistics, thereby offering a deeper understanding of the pandemic's impact on this population.

Similar, not universal: the cognitive dimensions of conceptual prototypes of basic emotions in English and in Polish.

The current study explores the differences in conceptualisation of the prototypical basic emotion lexicalisations (, , , , , ) in English and in Polish. Measures of concreteness, imageability and context availability were collected and analysed across the six semantic categories of basic emotions, across different parts of speech and between the self-determined genders of the study participants. The initial results indicate that within these cognitive dimensions the conceptualisations of basic emotions in English and in Polish are only similar on the more general but not the higher levels of conceptualisation.

Developmental 17-OHPC exposure disrupts behavior regulated by the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system in rats.

The synthetic progestin, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC), is administered to pregnant individuals with the intention of reducing preterm birth. Although there is evidence that 17-OHPC is likely transferred from mother to fetus, there is little information regarding the potential effects of 17-OHPC administration on behavioral and neural development in offspring. Neonatal 17-OHPC exposure disrupts the development of the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathway and associated behaviors in rats.

Identification of semen traces at a crime scene through Raman spectroscopy and machine learning.

Biological fluid stains can be instrumental in solving crimes. Identification of semen can help reconstruct events in sexual assault cases and identify suspects via DNA profiling. Current methods for semen identification suffer from limitations, including destruction of the sample and potential false positives.

Heterometallic Molecular and Ionic Isomers.

Numerous descriptions of structural isomerism in metal complexes do not list any molecular vs ionic isomers. At the same time, one of the most striking examples of structural isomerism in organic chemistry is molecular urea, which has the same atomic composition as the chemically distinct ionic ammonium cyanate. This iconic organic couple now meets its inorganic heterometallic counterpart.

How post overdose response efforts can address social determinants of health among people who use drugs: perspectives from the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) Post Overdose Response Team (PORT).

Individuals who have survived an overdose often have myriad needs that extend far beyond their drug use. The social determinants of health (SDOH) framework has been underutilized throughout the opioid overdose crisis, despite widespread acknowledgment that SDOH are contributors to the majority of health outcomes. Post Overdose Response Teams (PORTs) engage with individuals who have experienced 1 or more nonfatal overdoses and bear witness to the many ways in which overdose survivors experience instability with healthcare, housing, employment, and family structure.

Opioid Misuse by Adults with Chronic Pain: The Impact of Illness and Medication Beliefs.

Background: Why do some adults with chronic pain misuse their prescription opioids when others do not? Based on the extended Common-Sense Model, the study evaluated whether adults' beliefs about their pain have an indirect effect on risk of opioid misuse through beliefs about opioids when controlling for depression.

Methods: The sample included 297 adult participants in the U.S.

Tracking temporal variations of fatality and symptomology correlated with COVID-19 dominant variants and vaccine effectiveness in the United States.

Introduction: We described how COVID-19 fatality and symptoms varied by dominant variant and vaccination in the US.

Methods: Using the Restricted Access Dataset from the US CDC (1/1/2020-10/20/2022), we conducted a cross-sectional study assessing differences in COVID-19 deaths, severity indicators (hospitalization, ICU, pneumonia, abnormal X-ray, acute respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation) and 12 mild symptoms by dominant variant/vaccination periods using logistic regression after controlling for confounders.

Results: We found the highest fatality during the dominant periods of Wild (4.

Device response principles and the impact on energy resolution of epitaxial quantum dot scintillators with monolithic photodetector integration.

Epitaxial quantum dot (QD) scintillator crystals with picosecond-scale timing and high light yield have been created for medical imaging, high energy physics and national security applications. Monolithic photodetector (PD) integration enables the sensing of photons generated within the waveguiding crystal and allows a wide range of scintillator-photodetector coupling geometries. Until recently, these doubly novel devices have suffered from complex, high variance responses to monoenergetic sources which significantly reduces their precision and accuracy.

A Cryptic Prophage Transcription Factor Drives Phenotypic Changes via Host Gene Regulation.

Cryptic prophages (CPs) are elements of bacterial genomes acquired from bacteriophage that infect the host cell and ultimately become stably integrated within the host genome. While some proteins encoded by CPs can modulate host phenotypes, the potential for Transcription Factors (TFs) encoded by CPs to impact host physiology by regulating host genes has not been thoroughly investigated. In this work, we report hundreds of host genes regulated by DicC, a DNA-binding TF encoded in the Qin prophage of .

Photocurable Hypervalent Fluorinated Sulfur Containing Thin Films with Remarkable Hardness and Modulus.

Novel tetrafluoro-λ-sulfanyl-containing oligomers prepared by visible light-promoted addition of 1,4-(bis-chlorotetrafluoro-λ-sulfanyl) benzene or 1,3-(bis-chlorotetrafluoro-λ-sulfanyl) benzene to either 1,4-diethynyl benzene or the 1,3-diethynyl isomers form hard, stress resistant thin films on spin casting. The isomeric oligomers were utilized to establish a structure-function relationship for the mechanical properties of films prepared from the oligomers. The Young's moduli of 145-nm-thick cured films could reach 60 GPa.

Revisiting Contrail Ice Formation: Impact of Primary Soot Particle Sizes and Contribution of Volatile Particles.

Aircraft contrails, formed largely on soot particles in current flights, are important for aviation's non-CO climate impact. Here we show that the activation of nonvolatile soot particles during contrail formation is likely determined by the sizes of primary soot particles rather than the effective sizes of soot aggregates as assumed in previous studies, which can explain less-than-unity fractions of soot particles forming contrail ice particles as recently observed during ECLIF (Emission and CLimate Impact of alternative Fuels) campaigns. The smaller soot primary sizes compared to aggregate sizes delay the onset of contrail ice formation, increase the maximum plume supersaturation reached in the contrail plume, and thus increase the probability of small volatile particles contributing to the total contrail ice particle number.

A systematic review of chatbot-assisted interventions for substance use.

Objectives: This study systematically reviewed research on the utilization of chatbot-related technologies for the prevention, assessment, and treatment of various substance uses, including alcohol, nicotine, and other drugs.

Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, 28 articles were selected for final analysis from an initial screening of 998 references. Data were coded for multiple components, including study characteristics, intervention types, intervention contents, sample characteristics, substance use details, measurement tools, and main findings, particularly emphasizing the effectiveness of chatbot-assisted interventions on substance use and the facilitators and barriers affecting program effectiveness.

Switchback RNA.

Intricately designed DNA and RNA motifs guide the assembly of robust and functional nucleic acid nanostructures. In this work, we present a globally left-handed RNA motif with two parallel strands called switchback RNA and report its assembly, biophysical, and biochemical characterization. Switchback RNA can be assembled in buffers without Mg, with improved thermal stability in buffers containing Mg, Na, or K.

The moderating role of food cravings in the relationship between weight suppression and eating disorder psychopathology in college students.

Weight suppression (WS), the difference between an individual's current and highest adult weight, is predictive of eating-related pathology across diagnostic categories and poor eating disorder treatment outcomes, but findings from non-clinical samples have been mixed. Cravings are strong urges for specific foods that are subjectively difficult to resist. Food cravings are now widely conceptualized as cognitive-affective states characterized by intrusive thoughts that are perceived as distressing and can interfere with adaptive functioning.

A Biparatopic Intrabody Renders Vero Cells Impervious to Ricin Intoxication.

Expression of camelid-derived, single-domain antibodies (VHs) within the cytoplasm of mammalian cells as "intrabodies" has opened up novel avenues for medical countermeasures against fast-acting biothreat agents. In this report, we describe a heterodimeric intrabody that renders Vero cells virtually impervious to ricin toxin (RT), a potent Category B ribosome-inactivating protein. The intrabody consists of two structurally defined VHs that target distinct epitopes on RT's enzymatic subunit (RTA): V9E1 targets RTA's P-stalk recruitment site, and V2A11 targets RTA's active site.

On the compatibility of established methods with emerging artificial intelligence and machine learning methods for disaster risk analysis.

There is growing interest in leveraging advanced analytics, including artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), for disaster risk analysis (RA) applications. These emerging methods offer unprecedented abilities to assess risk in settings where threats can emerge and transform quickly by relying on "learning" through datasets. There is a need to understand these emerging methods in comparison to the more established set of risk assessment methods commonly used in practice.

Levels and Changes in Defensive Firearm Use by US Crime Victims, 1987‒2021.

To examine levels and temporal changes in the frequency of defensive gun use by US crime victims. We computed national-level counts of criminal incidents involving firearm defense during 3 periods: 1993 to 2005, 2007 to 2015, and 2016 to 2021. We also considered earlier national estimates for 1987 to 1990.

Multi-Objective Design of DNA-Stabilized Nanoclusters Using Variational Autoencoders With Automatic Feature Extraction.

DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters (Ag-DNAs) have sequence-tuned compositions and fluorescence colors. High-throughput experiments together with supervised machine learning models have recently enabled design of DNA templates that select for Ag-DNA properties, including near-infrared (NIR) emission that holds promise for deep tissue bioimaging. However, these existing models do not enable simultaneous selection of multiple Ag-DNA properties, and require significant expert input for feature engineering and class definitions.