Heart failure outcomes captured by adverse event reporting in participants with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Observations from the VERTIS CV trial.

Aims: In VERTIS CV, ertugliflozin was associated with a 30% risk reduction for adjudication-confirmed, first and total hospitalizations for heart failure (HHF) in participants with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the impact of ertugliflozin on the broader spectrum of all reported heart failure (HF) events independent of adjudication confirmation.

Methods And Results: Data from participants who received ertugliflozin (5 or 15 mg) were pooled and compared versus placebo.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Children with Pulmonary Atresia and Intact Ventricular Septum: Mortality and Associated Outcomes.

Data on outcomes of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are limited in patients with pulmonary atresia intact ventricular septum (PAIVS). The objective of this study was to describe the use of ECMO and the associated outcomes in patients with PAIVS. We retrospectively reviewed neonates with PAIVS who received ECMO between 2009 and 2019 in 19 US hospitals affiliated with the Collaborative Research for the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society (CoRe-PCICS).

Rural-Urban Disparities in Mobile Health Application Ownership and Utilization Among Cancer Survivors.

Objective: Mobile health applications (mHealth apps) can provide health care and health-promoting information while contributing to improving cancer survivors' quality of life and health outcomes. However, little is known about the rural-urban distribution of mHealth app ownership and utilization. In this study, we explore the characteristics of cancer survivors who own and use mHealth apps and examine rural-urban disparities in mHealth app ownership and utilization among cancer survivors.

Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma Masquerading As Brain Arteriovenous Malformation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are tangles of abnormal vessels with early arteriovenous (AV) shunting that can lead to intracerebral hemorrhage, seizures, neurologic deficit, or headache. To date, only a few cases of carcinomas metastasizing to pre-existing cerebral AVMs have been reported in the literature. However, renal clear cell carcinoma (RCC) brain metastases that exhibit early AV shunting, where AVM pathology is not present, are extremely rare.

CSI-GEP: A GPU-based unsupervised machine learning approach for recovering gene expression programs in atlas-scale single-cell RNA-seq data.

Exploratory analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) typically relies on hard clustering over two-dimensional projections like uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP). However, such methods can severely distort the data and have many arbitrary parameter choices. Methods that can model scRNA-seq data as non-discrete "gene expression programs" (GEPs) can better preserve the data's structure, but currently, they are often not scalable, not consistent across repeated runs, and lack an established method for choosing key parameters.

We All Need at Least One Friend Who Understands What We Do Not Say: A Scoping Review of Friendship and Augmentative and Alternative Communication.

Purpose: The purpose of this scoping review was to understand what is known about the friendships of individuals who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices. Because communication is important to friendship, severe communication impairment may impact the establishment or maintenance of friendships in unique and important ways.

Method: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for scoping reviews and Covidence software using an established set of operationally defined inclusion criteria supported the identification of the 46 papers included in this review.

ChatGPT Assisting Diagnosis of Neuro-Ophthalmology Diseases Based on Case Reports.

Background: To evaluate the accuracy of Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT), a large language model (LLM), to assist in diagnosing neuro-ophthalmic diseases based on case reports.

Methods: We selected 22 different case reports of neuro-ophthalmic diseases from a publicly available online database. These cases included a wide range of chronic and acute diseases commonly seen by neuro-ophthalmic subspecialists.

Treatment of a Rare Case of Longitudinal Forearm Instability: A Case Report.

Case: A 41-year old man fell from height sustaining displaced radial shaft and ulnar styloid fractures underwent open reduction internal fixation of the radius with early recognition of a radiocapitellar dislocation and longitudinal forearm instability in the early postoperative period. Revision surgery was performed 13 days postoperatively involving annular ligament reconstruction, elbow spanning external fixation, and distal radioulnar joint stabilization. Favorable functional and radiographic outcomes are shown at 1-year follow-up.

Examining the risk of delirium in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: Insights from the homeless population.

For patients hospitalized with COVID-19, delirium is a serious and under-recognized complication, and people experiencing homelessness (PEH) may be at greater risk. This retrospective cohort study compared delirium-associated risk factors and clinical outcomes between PEH and non-PEH. This study used patient records from 154 hospitals discharged from 2020-2021 from the Texas Inpatient Public Use Data file.

Children's executive functioning and health behaviors across pediatric life stages and ecological contexts.

Executive functioning (EF) has been linked to chronic disease risk in children. Health behaviors are thought to partially explain this association. The current cross-sectional study evaluated specific domains of EF and varied health behaviors in three pediatric life stages.

Biomarkers.

Background: In the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT), intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) lowering slowed progression of white matter injury (WMI) on MRI. We hypothesized that intensive lowering would be equally as effective and may confer greater benefits for brain health at younger ages compared to older ages. We tested whether the relative effects of intensive lowering on WMI differed by age using 2 MRI measures: white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHv) and peak-width skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) in SPRINT.

Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Background: In the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT), intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) lowering slowed progression of white matter injury (WMI) on MRI. We hypothesized that intensive lowering would be equally as effective and may confer greater benefits for brain health at younger ages compared to older ages. We tested whether the relative effects of intensive lowering on WMI differed by age using 2 MRI measures: white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHv) and peak-width skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) in SPRINT.

Prevention and Management of Infectious Complications in Pediatric Patients With Cancer: A Survey Assessment of Current Practices Across Children's Oncology Group Institutions.

Introduction: While clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for pediatric oncology infection prophylaxis and management exist, few data describe actual management occurring at pediatric oncology centers.

Methods: An electronic survey querying infection management practices in nontransplant pediatric oncology patients was iteratively created by the Children's Oncology Group (COG) Cancer Control and Supportive Care Infectious Diseases Subcommittee and sent to leaders at all COG institutions, limiting each site to one response to represent their institution.

Results: The response rate was 57% (129/227 institutions).

Measuring Stigma in Pediatric Oncology: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Three Global Sites.

Purpose: Stigma contributes to fear and shame, resulting in delays in care-seeking behavior among individuals with cancer. As a social construct, stigma is affected by language, religion, culture, and local norms. This study explored pediatric cancer stigma at the time of diagnosis across diverse settings through the adaptation of two stigma measures.

Demographic Correlates of Autism: How Do Associations Compare Between Diagnosis and a Quantitative Trait Measure?

Prevalence of autism diagnosis has historically differed by demographic factors. Using data from 8224 participants drawn from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, we examined relationships between demographic factors and parent-reported autism-related traits as captured by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS; T score > 65) and compared these to relations with parent-reported clinician diagnosis of ASD, in generalized linear mixed effects regression analyses. Results suggested lower odds of autism diagnosis, but not of SRS T > 65, for non-Hispanic Black children (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.

Prevention of Infections Among Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With Asplenia or Hyposplenism.

Pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with splenic dysfunction are at increased risk for infections, and tailored guidance on the management of asplenia/hyposplenism among SOT recipients is often lacking. The purpose of this article is to provide practice recommendations via a frequently asked questions (FAQs) format that focuses on three main domains: the identification of asplenia/hyposplenism among SOT recipients/candidates, prophylactic strategies for mitigating the risk of invasive disease associated with splenic dysfunction in the context of transplantation, and the provision of appropriate patient counseling on the risks associated with asplenia/hyposplenism. Answers to the FAQs are based on international expert opinion informed by practices for managing splenic dysfunction and associated data in other populations with asplenia.

Interactions of the Pneumococcus with the Central Nervous System: Postnatal Meningitis Versus Fetal Neurodevelopment.

In young children, pneumococcal meningitis epitomizes the paradigm of a destructive innate inflammatory response in the central nervous system: a five-alarm fire. In contrast, cell-free bacterial components reaching the fetal brain from an infected mother signal a quiet, noninflammatory immune response that drives abnormal neurodevelopment, changing brain architecture through neuroproliferation. This review addresses the difference between prenatal and postnatal bacterial-host signaling within the brain.

Lineage-specific patterns in the Moraceae family allow identification of convergent P450 enzymes involved in furanocoumarin biosynthesis.

Specialized metabolites are molecules involved in plants' interaction with their environment. Elucidating their biosynthetic pathways is a challenging but rewarding task, leading to societal applications and ecological insights. Furanocoumarins emerged multiple times in Angiosperms, raising the question of how different enzymes evolved into catalyzing identical reactions.

Caregiving responsibility and psychological distress among community-dwelling cancer survivors in the United States.

Purpose: There are over 18 million cancer survivors in the U.S., with a projected increase of 24.

Assessment of correlation between the Modified Schirmer Test and unstimulated salivary flow testing.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and subjects' perception of the Modified Schirmer Test (MST) to the traditional Unstimulated Salivary Flow Test (USFT) when measuring salivary flow rate for screening and monitoring patients' dry mouth.

Methods: A total of 100 subjects were enrolled including subjects with and without dry mouth. All subjects answered a brief self-reported survey about dry mouth before and after the two types of saliva tests and their preference for the type of test administered.

Color match and stability of single-shade resin-based composites before and after artificial aging.

Purpose: To evaluate the color match and stability of single-shade resin-based composites (RBCs) in Class V restorations before and after ultra-violet light artificial aging.

Methods: Acrylic resin teeth of A1 and A3 were randomly assigned into seven groups to be restored with single-shade RBCs and universal-shade RBCs, shades A1 and A3. Standardized Class V cavities were restored using RBC and underwent accelerated aging for 480 hours.

Identifying the Gaps in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Uptake: An Exploratory Factor Analysis of Adults in Tennessee.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) remains the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection in the United States (U.S.).

A Cohort Study Exploring HPV Vaccination Beliefs Among Oral Health Providers: Broadening the Scope of Education and Administration.

Background/objectives: There is potential utility and increasing interest in engaging professionals in non-traditional vaccination settings to participate in efforts to reduce human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancer. This study assessed the impact of a multi-disciplinary HPV educational intervention on oral health care professionals' perceived role, comfort level, and scope of practice in HPV-related cancer prevention efforts.

Methods: The virtual educational intervention was provided by a multi-disciplinary panel of experts.