Monoclonal antibodies for treating osteoporosis.

Introduction: Osteoporosis is the most widespread skeletal disease requiring innovative therapeutic strategies for its management. The understanding of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and sclerostin's role in bone cell biology is completely changing the therapeutic landscape. RANKL supports osteoclast formation and activity and is mainly produced by cells of osteoblastic lineage.

Mediterranean diet impact on cardiovascular diseases: a narrative review.

: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for more than 17 million deaths per year worldwide. It has been estimated that the influence of lifestyle on CVD mortality amounts to 13.7% for smoking, 13.

Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and ménière syndrome: The role of cerebral venous drainage.

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of cerebral venous drainage on the pathogenesis of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL) and Ménière syndrome (MD).

Design: Observational, prospective, cohort study.

Setting: ENT and Cardiology Departments (University of Bari, Policlinico Hospital, Bari, Italy).

Risperidone and Cardiometabolic Risk in Children and Adolescents: Clinical and Instrumental Issues.

Purpose/background: Although second-generation antipsychotics are used to treat and manage symptoms for several psychiatric disorders, data about their adverse effects in developmental age are limited. The aim of this prospective observational study was to verify the cardiovascular and metabolic risk in a sample of antipsychotic-naive children/adolescent patients starting risperidone therapy.

Methods: Twenty-two patients, younger than 18 years, were recruited.

Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk factors in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors.

Background: Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors have increased risk of obesity, metabolic alterations and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Vascular endothelial function has been studied in adult cancers. Limited data exist regarding CVD risk factors among childhood ALL survivors.

CRLF2 over-expression is a poor prognostic marker in children with high risk T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Pediatric T-ALL patients have a worse outcome compared to BCP-ALL patients and they could benefit from new prognostic marker identification. Alteration of CRLF2 gene, a hallmark correlated with poor outcome in BCP-ALL, has not been reported in T-ALL.We analyzed CRLF2 expression in 212 T-ALL pediatric patients enrolled in AIEOP-BFM ALL2000 study in Italian and German centers.

Impaired bone remodeling in children with osteogenesis imperfecta treated and untreated with bisphosphonates: the role of DKK1, RANKL, and TNF-α.

Unlabelled: In this study, we investigated the bone cell activity in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) treated and untreated with neridronate. We demonstrated the key role of Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in regulating bone cell of untreated and treated OI subjects. These cytokines could represent new pharmacological targets for OI.

GABA content within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex is related to trait anxiety.

The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) plays a key role in emotion processing and regulation. vmPFC dysfunction may lead to disinhibition of amygdala causing high anxiety levels. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) inter-neurons within vmPFC shape the information flow to amygdala.

Mechanisms of enhanced osteoclastogenesis in girls and young women with Turner's Syndrome.

Subjects with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism due to Turner's syndrome show low cortical mineral density, osteoporosis and risk of fractures. It is not clear if this bone fragility derives from chromosomal abnormalities or is the result of inadequate bone formation due to estrogen deficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular mechanisms underlying bone fragility in subjects with Turner's syndrome before induction of puberty and after hormonal replacement therapy (HRT).

Metastatic melanoma of the gallbladder: report of two cases and a review of the literature.

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive and highly metastatic cancers. The most common sites of distant metastases are soft tissues, lung, liver, skin and brain, whereas only few patients develop gastrointestinal metastases. Metastatic involvement of the gallbladder is rare and more often part of a widespread disease than a solitary lesion.

Platinum(II) complexes with bioactive carrier ligands having high affinity for the translocator protein.

Peripheral benzodiazepine receptors (PBRs, also named TSPO) are overexpressed in many tumor types, with the grade of TSPO overexpression correlating with the malignancy of the tumor. For this reason, TSPO-binding ligands have been widely explored as carriers for receptor-mediated drug delivery. In this paper we have selected a ligand with nanomolar affinity for TSPO, [2-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl]-N,N-di-n-propylacetamide (3), for preparing platinum adducts that are structural analogues to picoplatin, cis-[PtCl(2)(NH(3))(2-picoline)] (AMD0473, 6), a platinum analogue currently in advanced clinical investigation.