Coefficients in Taylor's law increase with the time scale of water clarity measurements in a global suite of lakes.

Identifying the scaling rules describing ecological patterns across time and space is a central challenge in ecology. Taylor's law of fluctuation scaling, which states that the variance of a population's size or density is proportional to a positive power of the mean size or density, has been widely observed in population dynamics and characterizes variability in multiple scientific domains. However, it is unclear if this phenomenon accurately describes ecological patterns across many orders of magnitude in time, and therefore links otherwise disparate observations.

WALINET: A water and lipid identification convolutional neural network for nuisance signal removal in MR spectroscopic imaging.

Purpose: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ( -MRSI) provides noninvasive spectral-spatial mapping of metabolism. However, long-standing problems in whole-brain -MRSI are spectral overlap of metabolite peaks with large lipid signal from scalp, and overwhelming water signal that distorts spectra. Fast and effective methods are needed for high-resolution -MRSI to accurately remove lipid and water signals while preserving the metabolite signal.

Subseasonal Prediction of Heat-Related Mortality in Switzerland.

Heatwaves pose a range of severe impacts on human health, including an increase in premature mortality. The summers of 2018 and 2022 are two examples with record-breaking temperatures leading to thousands of heat-related excess deaths in Europe. Some of the extreme temperatures experienced during these summers were predictable several weeks in advance by subseasonal forecasts.

Connectome embedding in multidimensional graph spaces.

Connectomes' topological organization can be quantified using graph theory. Here, we investigated brain networks in higher dimensional spaces defined by up to 10 graph theoretic nodal properties. These properties assign a score to nodes, reflecting their meaning in the network.

Gait characteristics in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a review on the effects of CSF tap test and shunt surgery.

Background: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a progressive disease characterized by disproportionate ventricular enlargement at brain imaging with gait disturbance and an increased risk of falling. Gait assessment is a key feature in the diagnosis of iNPH and characterization of post-surgical outcomes.

Research Question: How do gait parameters change 24 h after CSF tap test (CSFTT) and after ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery?

Methods: The PRISMA guidelines were used to perform the systematic review.

Monitoring low-value care in medical patients from Swiss university hospitals using a Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) national data stream and patient and public involvement: LUCID study protocol.

Introduction: Healthcare practices providing minimal or no benefit to recipients have been estimated to represent 20% of healthcare costs. However, defining, measuring and monitoring low-value care (LVC) and its downstream consequences remain a major challenge. The purpose of the National Data Stream (LUCID NDS) is to identify and monitor LVC in medical inpatients using routinely collected hospital data.

Improved phosphorus MRSI acquisition through compressed sensing acceleration combined with low-rank reconstruction.

Objectives: Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (P-MRSI) is a non-invasive tool for assessing cellular high-energy metabolism in-vivo. However, its acquisition suffers from a low sensitivity, which necessitates large voxel sizes or multiple averages to achieve an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), resulting in long scan times.

Materials And Methods: To overcome these limitations, we propose an acquisition and reconstruction scheme for FID-MRSI sequences.

Advances in assessment and cognitive neurorehabilitation of HIV-related neurocognitive impairment.

Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) is present in around 40% of people with HIV and substantially affects everyday life, adherence to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) and overall life expectancy. Suboptimal therapy regimen, opportunistic infections, substance abuse and highly prevalent psychiatric co-morbidities contribute to NCI in people with HIV. In this review, we highlight the need for efficacious treatment of HIV-related NCI through pharmacological approaches and cognitive neurorehabilitation, discussing recent randomized controlled trials in this domain.

Impact of dementia and mild cognitive impairment on bone health in older people.

Mild cognitive impairment, dementia and osteoporosis are common diseases of ageing and, with the increasingly ageing global population, are increasing in prevalence. These conditions are closely associated, with shared risk factors, common underlying biological mechanisms and potential direct causal pathways. In this review, the epidemiological and mechanistic links between mild cognitive impairment, dementia and skeletal health are explored.

Paediatric Personalized Research Network Switzerland (SwissPedHealth): a joint paediatric national data stream.

Introduction: Children represent a large and vulnerable patient group. However, the evidence base for most paediatric diagnostic and therapeutic procedures remains limited or is often inferred from adults. There is an urgency to improve paediatric healthcare provision based on real-world evidence generation.

Highly sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method for the multiplex analysis of levosimendan and its metabolites OR-1855 and OR-1896 in human plasma.

Levosimendan is a positive inotrope and vasodilator used in patients with acute and chronic decompensated heart failure. It is metabolized into OR-1855 (inactive metabolite), which is further acetylated into OR-1896 (active metabolite having a prolonged half-life, hence a sustained effect). Levosimendan represents a valuable alternative to traditional inotropes with broad clinical applications in critically ill patients with cardiogenic shock, advanced heart failure and post-cardiac surgery.

Comparison of sexual function between laparoscopic lateral suspension and laparoscopic sacrocervicopexy with the use of the PISQ-IR questionnaire.

Introduction And Hypothesis: We aimed to analyze the quality of sexual life of patients with apical vaginal wall prolapse who had undergone laparoscopic lateral suspension (LLS) and laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSC).

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of sexual outcomes of a previous randomized control trial comparing LLS and LSC in 89 women with symptomatic POP stage ≥ II. We evaluated sexually active (SA) and non-sexually active women (NSA) using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire-IUGA-Revised (PISQ-IR).

Virus adaptation to heparan sulfate comes with capsid stability tradeoff.

Because of high mutation rates, viruses constantly adapt to new environments. When propagated in cell lines, certain viruses acquire positively charged amino acids on their surface proteins, enabling them to utilize negatively charged heparan sulfate (HS) as an attachment receptor. In this study, we used enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) as model and demonstrated that unlike the parental MP4 variant, the cell-adapted strong HS-binder MP4-97R/167G does not require acidification for uncoating and releases its genome in the neutral or weakly acidic environment of early endosomes.

Arterial switch operation: A surgical triumph with long-term management challenges.

Since the late 1980s, the standard approach for treating D-transposition of the great arteries has been the arterial switch operation (ASO), replacing the Mustard/Senning procedure. Although ASO has shown impressive long-term survival rates, recent case series have revealed late complications such as neoaortic dilation and coronary artery stenosis. New findings emphasize the need for comprehensive evaluation of coronary risk and a deeper understanding of the mechanisms leading to coronary artery stenosis and myocardial ischemia over the long term.

Hypoalbuminemia in status epilepticus is a biomarker of short- and long-term mortality: A 9-year cohort study.

Background: Outcome prediction in Status epilepticus (SE) aids in clinical decision-making, yet existing scores have limitations due to SE heterogeneity. Serum albumin is emerging as a readily available prognostic biomarker in various clinical conditions. This study evaluates hypoalbuminemia in predicting short- and long-term mortality.

Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses reveal that TORC1 is reactivated by pheromone signaling during sexual reproduction in fission yeast.

Starvation, which is associated with inactivation of the growth-promoting TOR complex 1 (TORC1), is a strong environmental signal for cell differentiation. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, nitrogen starvation has distinct physiological consequences depending on the presence of mating partners. In their absence, cells enter quiescence, and TORC1 inactivation prolongs their life.

Activity-Based Proteome Profiling of Serum Serine Hydrolases: Application in Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma.

Purpose: Traumatic brain injury (TBI), including pediatric abusive head trauma (AHT), is the leading cause of death and disability in children and young adults worldwide. The current understanding of trauma-induced molecular changes in the brain of human subjects with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) remains inadequate and requires further investigation to improve the outcome and management of TBI in the clinic. Calcium-mediated damage at the site of brain injury has been shown to activate several catalytic enzymes.

In vivo impact on rabbit subchondral bone of viscosupplementation with a hyaluronic acid antioxidant conjugate.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of an antioxidant-conjugated Hyaluronic Acid (HA), specifically HA-4-aminoresorcinol (HA4AR), on articular cartilage and subchondral bone in osteoarthritis (OA). We conducted a comparative analysis between HA4AR and a commercially available high molecular weight HA formulation in a rabbit model of OA.

Materials And Methods: Eighteen rabbits underwent unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) and were divided into three groups of six: Saline-group, HA-group, and HA4AR-group, based on the type of intra-articular injection received.

BRCA2 germline mutation carrier with five malignancies: a case report.

Background: BRCA2 germline mutations are known to predispose carriers to various cancer types, including breast, ovarian, pancreatic and prostate cancer. An association with melanoma has also been reported. However, the full tumour spectrum associated with BRCA2 mutations, particularly in patients with other concurrent pathogenetic mutations, is unexplored.

Problematic smartphone use in a representative sample of US adults: Prevalence and predictors.

The exponential growth in worldwide smartphone adoption has led to mounting concerns about problematic smartphone use (PSU), with some studies of variably defined PSU yielding prevalence rates as high as 20 to 30%. The present study aims to (a) estimate the prevalence of PSU while emphasizing functional impairment, and (b) examine the degree to which a set of demographic, contextual, behavioral and mental health variables can predict PSU. A representative U.

Investigating the acute cognitive effects of dietary compounds using fNIRS: methodological limitations and perspectives for research targeting healthy adults.

The brain's response to cognitive demands hinges on sufficient blood flow, with changes in brain hemodynamics serving as a reflection of this process. Certain bioactive compounds found in our diet, such as caffeine, polyphenols, and nitrate, can acutely impact brain hemodynamics through diverse neural, vasoactive, and metabolic mechanisms. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) offers a non-invasive and real-time method to investigate these effects.

Pushing the boundaries of radiotherapy-immunotherapy combinations: highlights from the 7 immunorad conference.

Over the last decade, the annual Immunorad Conference, held under the joint auspicies of Gustave Roussy (Villejuif, France) and the Weill Cornell Medical College (New-York, USA) has aimed at exploring the latest advancements in the fields of tumor immunology and radiotherapy-immunotherapy combinations for the treatment of cancer. Gathering medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, physicians and researchers with esteemed expertise in these fields, the Immunorad Conference bridges the gap between preclinical outcomes and clinical opportunities. Thus, it paves a promising way toward optimizing radiotherapy-immunotherapy combinations and, from a broader perspective, improving therapeutic strategies for patients with cancer.