Pre-drinking is Associated with Possible Alcohol Dependence in UK Trans and Non-Binary Communities.

In an analytical sample of 462 UK-based trans and non-binary respondents to a co-produced survey, 23.2% reported drinking with a higher risk of dependence (AUDIT scores ≥16), and 26.2% reported that they mostly drank at home alone.

The use of pain killers (NSAIDs) in athletes: How large is the risk?

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use is prevalent in sport however the risk associated with their use in athletes is not well-understood. This review discusses the pharmacology of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the prevalence of their use in different sports and factors driving this. Use is very high in sports such as professional football and is sometimes by routine without indication and without medical supervision.

Metastability demystified - the foundational past, the pragmatic present and the promising future.

Healthy brain function depends on balancing stable integration between brain areas for effective coordinated functioning, with coexisting segregation that allows subsystems to express their functional specialization. Metastability, a concept from the dynamical systems literature, has been proposed as a key signature that characterizes this balance. Building on this principle, the neuroscience literature has leveraged the phenomenon of metastability to investigate various aspects of brain function in health and disease.

Lenacapavir: Patient and healthcare provider perceptions and the potential role for a twice-yearly injectable HIV treatment.

Background: The twice-yearly, long-acting lenacapavir (LA LEN) antiretroviral therapy (ART), when combined with an optimised background regimen, provides a subcutaneous injectable treatment option for people with HIV. This study aimed to understand the preferences, barriers and facilitators for uptake and implementation of LA LEN, with a view to informing clinical implementation.

Methods: In-depth qualitative interviews and focus groups with purposively sampled people with HIV and healthcare workers (HCWs) from UK HIV services were conducted.

Clinical phenotype of COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis in Victoria, 2021-22: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To describe myocarditis as an adverse event after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, including a detailed description of clinical phenotypes and diagnostic test results and differences by age, sex, and degree of troponin level elevation.

Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Setting, Participants: Cases of suspected myocarditis following the administration of a COVID-19 vaccine in Victoria during 22 February 2021 - 30 September 2022 reported to Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Vaccination In the Community (SAEFVIC), with symptom onset within 14 days of vaccination, and deemed to be confirmed myocarditis according to the Brighton Collaboration Criteria.

Gastrointestinal in men who have sex with men: A systematic review.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to explore any demographic, biological and behavioural characteristics of men who have sex with men (MSM) with diarrhoeagenic .

Design/methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL for manuscripts published to March 2024. One author screened manuscript abstracts; two authors independently conducted a full text review.

FRED-UK: Multicentre UK experience of FRED and FRED Jr flow re-direction endoluminal device for intracranial aneurysms: 6 months and 1 year clinical and anatomical results.

Background: Flow diverting stents (FDS) are an established endovascular treatment for intracranial aneurysms but are reported to have varying rates of adequate occlusion and thromboembolic complications. This study reports clinical safety and efficacy results of the FRED and FRED Jr FDS in clinical practice in the UK at 6 months and 1 year.

Methods: The FRED-UK study is a single arm, multicentre, prospective, observational study conducted in the UK.

The role of the gut microbiome in regulating the response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised cancer therapy, yet the proportion of patients who achieve long-term disease control remain suboptimal. Over the past decade, the gut microbiome has been shown to influence immune-mediated tumour suppression as well as responses to ICI therapies. Compositional differences in gut microbiome may account for the differences in outcomes from immune checkpoint blockade.

The impact of contact-network structure on important epidemiological quantities of infectious disease transmission and the identification of the extremes.

An individual-based stochastic model was developed to simulate the spread of an infectious disease in an SEIR-type system on all possible contact-networks of size between six and nine nodes. We assessed systematically the impact of the change in the population contact structure on four important epidemiological quantities: i) the epidemic duration, ii) the maximum number of infected individuals at a time point during the epidemic, iii) the time at which the maximum number of infected individuals is reached, and iv) the total number of individuals that have been infected during the epidemic. We considered the potential relationship of these quantities as the network changes and identified the networks that maximise and minimise each of these in the case of an epidemic outbreak.

Early mental health intervention and supported self-care for LGBTQ+ young people in the UK: a mixed-methods study.

Background: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer/questioning, plus young people have a higher risk of poor mental health in comparison to cisgendered heterosexual young people, and they underutilise mental health services and support. In addition, there is a paucity of research conducted in United Kingdom examining mental health early intervention provision for lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer/questioning, plus young people.

Objectives: To produce a model of what works for early intervention mental health support for lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer/questioning, plus young people and increase understanding of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer/questioning, plus young people's access to, navigation of, and engagement with mental health support.

Lessons learned for pandemic preparedness in the neurodegenerative research and clinical fields: an advice report based on Parkinson's disease as an example.

Background: A sustainable pandemic preparedness strategy is essential to ensure equitable access to healthcare for individuals with neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, it is vital to provide clinicians and researchers in the neurodegenerative disease fields with resources and infrastructure to ensure continuity of their work during a (health) crisis.

Methods: We established an international collaboration between researchers, clinicians, and patient representatives from the Netherlands, Poland, and the United Kingdom.

Osmotic disruption of chromatin induces Topoisomerase 2 activity at sites of transcriptional stress.

Transcription generates superhelical stress in DNA that poses problems for genome stability, but determining when and where such stress arises within chromosomes is challenging. Here, using G1-arrested S. cerevisiae cells, and employing rapid fixation and ultra-sensitive enrichment, we utilise the physiological activity of endogenous topoisomerase 2 (Top2) as a probe of transcription-induced superhelicity.

Mpox in the news: social representations, identity, stigma and coping.

In May 2022, when the COVID-19 pandemic began to recede from public view, another infectious disease surprised the world-mpox (formerly monkeypox). It appeared to disproportionately affect gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). Using qualitative thematic analysis and social representations theory, we analysed a corpus of 91 items from a variety of news outlets that included GBMSM community members' personal accounts of living through an mpox outbreak.

Flow synthesis and multidimensional parameter screening enables exploration and optimization of copper oxide nanoparticle synthesis.

Copper-based nanoparticles (NPs) are highly valued for their wide-ranging applications, with particular significance in CO reduction. However current synthesis methods encounter challenges in scalability, batch-to-batch variation, and high energy costs. In this work, we describe a novel continuous flow synthesis approach performed at room temperature to help address these issues, producing spherical, colloidally stable copper(ii) oxide (CuO) NPs.

Large-scale research infrastructure projects: A conceptual review for science policy and management.

This article reviews 'large-scale research infrastructures' work and other relevant literature from the science policy and management domains. Through a systematic literature review, the study identifies that there are no firm inclusion or exclusion criteria for a large-scale research infrastructure. The findings identify the need for filling this knowledge gap to support future analyses for large-scale research infrastructures to help scientists and science policymakers understand, plan, and evaluate their own work.