Local interpretable model-agnostic explanation approach for medical imaging analysis: A systematic literature review.

Background: The interpretability and explainability of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence systems are critical for generating trust in their outcomes in fields such as medicine and healthcare. Errors generated by these systems, such as inaccurate diagnoses or treatments, can have serious and even life-threatening effects on patients. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is emerging as an increasingly significant area of research nowadays, focusing on the black-box aspect of sophisticated and difficult-to-interpret ML algorithms.

A novel machine learning model for perimeter intrusion detection using intrusion image dataset.

Perimeter Intrusion Detection Systems (PIDS) are crucial for protecting any physical locations by detecting and responding to intrusions around its perimeter. Despite the availability of several PIDS, challenges remain in detection accuracy and precise activity classification. To address these challenges, a new machine learning model is developed.

A machine learning approach for identifying anatomical biomarkers of early mild cognitive impairment.

Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) poses a major challenge as a neurodegenerative disorder, and early detection is critical for effective intervention. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a critical tool in AD research due to its availability and cost-effectiveness in clinical settings.

Objective: This study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of machine learning (ML) methods for MRI-based biomarker selection and classification to investigate early cognitive decline in AD.

Transdermal Insulin Delivery Using Ionic Liquid-Mediated Nanovesicles for Diabetes Treatment.

Transdermal insulin delivery is a promising method for diabetes management, providing the potential for controlled, sustained release and prolonged insulin effectiveness. However, the large molecular weight of insulin hinders its passive absorption through the stratum corneum (SC) of the skin, and high doses of insulin are required, which limits the commercial viability. We developed ethosome (ET) and -ethosome (TET) nanovesicle formulations containing a biocompatible lipid-based ionic liquid, [EDMPC][Lin], dissolved in 35% ethanol.

Provenance, environments, and tectonic signatures of Tanjong-Sandakan Formations, Northeast Sabah, Malaysia: Implications from sedimentology, palynology, and geochemistry.

This study investigates marginal marine deposits found in the Tanjong and Sandakan formations from the Early to Late Miocene in Northeast Sabah. It examines sedimentology, trace elements (TE), rare earth elements (REE), hydrocarbon generation potential, and palynology to understand provenance, depositional environments, and paleoenvironmental conditions. Facies analysis identified four associations in the Tanjong and three in the Sandakan Formation, ranging from fluvial-deltaic to shallow marine environments.

High dispersion by Cd incorporation leads to accelerate methanol synthesis rate in CO hydrogenation over Cu-Zn/SiO catalysts.

Green methanol fuel synthesis by CO hydrogenation is regarded as one of the potential viable techniques for meeting future energy demands. Enhancing catalytic performance and process knowledge are crucial for the practicality of catalyzed CO conversion pathways. Here, co-precipitation was utilized to prepare Cu-Zn bimetallic catalysts based on silica gel.

Methane Hydrate-in-Oil Systems in the Presence of Natural Amino Acid-Equilibrium Phase Condition Measurements.

This experimental study reports the thermodynamic influence of three different amino acids on methane hydrate in oil-dominated systems, namely, glycine, proline, and alanine. To thoroughly examine the effect of selected amino acids on methane (CH) hydrate formation compared to the commercial inhibitor monoethylene glycol (MEG) in the presence of oil, the hydrate liquid-vapor equilibrium (H-Lw-Lo-V) curve is used to measure amino acid aqueous solutions. All experiments are performed at a concentration of 10 wt % by using the isochoric T-cycle technique in a high-pressure reactor cell at the selected range of pressures with temperatures of 4.

A hybrid model integrating recurrent neural networks and the semi-supervised support vector machine for identification of early student dropout risk.

Background: Student dropout rates are one of the major concerns of educational institutions because they affect the success and efficacy of them. In order to help students continue their learning and achieve a better future, there is a need to identify the risk of student dropout. However, it is challenging to accurately identify the student dropout risk in the preliminary stages considering the complexities associated with it.

Green solution for oil spills: A review on the role of surface-active ionic liquids.

Oil spills have long-lasting and harmful impacts on the environment, particularly on aquatic ecosystems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of conventional methods for oil spill removal, highlighting both their advantages and limitations. Traditional methods for addressing oil spills, including physical, thermal, biological and chemical techniques, often prove insufficient, with chemical dispersants being the most popular approach.

Combined effect of jute fiber and corn cob ash on sustainability assessment and mechanical properties of roller compacted concrete using RSM modelling.

The increasing demand for cement has substantially affected the environment, and its manufacturing requires substantial energy usage. However, most countries in the world recently encountered a significant energy problem. So, researchers are exploring the use of agricultural and industrial waste resources with cementitious characteristics to minimize cement manufacturing, cut energy consumption, and contribute to environmental protection.

Laboratory-based assessment of geotechnical characteristics of organic waste-amended soil for landfill biocover.

A landfill biocover is essential for addressing environmental concerns, especially in waste management, as it plays a crucial role in mitigating the release of methane gas. This study investigates the geotechnical characteristics of soil amended with organic wastes for landfill biocover applications. Various organic waste amendments, viz.

Evaluating the dynamic response and phase angle behavior of SBS-modified asphalt mixtures for enhanced pavement performance.

Bitumen exhibits viscoelastic properties, showcasing both viscous and elastic behaviors, which are characterized by the phase angle and dynamic modulus. Issues like early fatigue fractures, rutting, and permanent deformations in bituminous asphalt pavements arise due to moisture susceptibility, high-temperature deformation, low-temperature cracking, and overloading. These distresses result in potholes, alligator cracks, and specific deformations that lead to early pavement failure, increasing rehabilitation and maintenance costs.

A review on chloride induced corrosion in reinforced concrete structures: lab and investigation.

Reinforced concrete (RC) constructions are seriously threatened by chloride-induced corrosion (CIC) and carbonation, which can result in structural degradation, safety issues, and financial losses. Electrochemical methods and microstructural analysis tests are some of the laboratory techniques used to examine key elements of CIC, such as the impact of different variables and the efficacy of mitigation solutions. studies that make use of non-destructive testing, chloride profiling, and half-cell potential measurements offer important new insights into the long-term performance and causes of RC structure deterioration in real-world circumstances.

Composition of carbohydrate, protein and lipid derived from microalgae using thermally pretreated solid waste.

Microalgae are widely recognized for their capacity to generate value-added products in a variety of sectors, including the pharmaceutical and food industries, bioenergy industries and wastewater industries. The quality of a microalga is significantly influenced by its proliferation. Along with growth, the biochemical profile may also vary based on the nutrient that is supplemented.

Synthesis of vanillin oxidation of kenaf stalks in the presence of CeO: tuning the catalytic behaviour of CeO nanostructure morphology.

Different CeO nanostructures were synthesized using a hydrothermal method and treated with alkaline NaOH, followed by drying at 120 °C for 16 h and calcined at 400 °C for the direct oxidation of kenaf stalks to vanillin under microwave irradiation. The catalysts were characterized for their physicochemical properties using XRD, BET, Raman spectroscopy, TPR, TPO, and XPS. All synthesized CeO nanostructures show diffraction peaks corresponding to the formation of cubic fluorite, which agrees with Raman spectra of the F mode.

Flexible poly (vinylidene fluoride) composite with magnetite-modified graphene: Electromagnetic shielding in X-band.

Electromagnetic pollution, or electromagnetic interference (EMI), is a phenomenon that has arisen due to the fast spread of electronic gadgets. To overcome EMI problem, polymer-based composites have sparked considerable attention among researchers owing to their superior qualities. Hence, this work utilizes magnetite-modified graphene (MMG) filler with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer to form polymer composites in various proportions ranging from 2 to 10 wt% to study the EM properties in the X-band.

Synergistic effects of nano titanium dioxide and waste glass powder on the mechanical and durability properties of concrete.

This study investigates the combined use of waste glass powder and nano titanium dioxide (TiO) on the mechanical and durability properties of the concrete. Waste glass being one of the major municipal wastes going into the landfill sites can be used as a pozzolanic material in the concrete, in this study cement is replaced with waste glass powder by 10% along with nano TiO, it is used as an addition to cementitious material by 0.5%, 1% and 1.

Electromagnetic wave effects on Mn-doped superparamagnetic iron oxide nanofluids: applications in enhanced oil recovery.

The utilization of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanofluids in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has gained attention due to their ability to alter the interfacial tension (IFT) of reservoir rocks. However, the influence of electromagnetic (EM) waves on these nanofluids, particularly when doped with manganese (Mn), remains underexplored. The interaction mechanisms between EM waves and Mn-doped FeO nanofluids are not well understood, limiting their application in EOR.

Edge Computing for AI-Based Brain MRI Applications: A Critical Evaluation of Real-Time Classification and Segmentation.

Medical imaging plays a pivotal role in diagnostic medicine with technologies like Magnetic Resonance Imagining (MRI), Computed Tomography (CT), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and ultrasound scans being widely used to assist radiologists and medical experts in reaching concrete diagnosis. Given the recent massive uplift in the storage and processing capabilities of computers, and the publicly available big data, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has also started contributing to improving diagnostic radiology. Edge computing devices and handheld gadgets can serve as useful tools to process medical data in remote areas with limited network and computational resources.

Technologies for detecting and monitoring drivers' states: A systematic review.

Driver fatigue or drowsiness detection techniques can significantly enhance road safety measures and reduce traffic accidents. These approaches used different sensor technologies to acquire the human physiological and behavioral characteristics to investigate the driver's vigilance state. Although the driver's vigilance detection technique has attracted significant interest recently, few studies have been conducted to review it systematically.

Functional excitation-inhibition ratio for social anxiety analysis and severity assessment.

Introduction: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition characterized by an intense fear of and avoidance of social situations. Traditional assessment methods for SAD primarily rely on subjective self-report questionnaires and clinical interviews, which can be prone to biases and inaccuracies. This study aims to explore the functional excitation-inhibition (fEI) ratio derived from EEG data as a potential objective biomarker for assessing SAD severity.

Mitigating persistent organic pollutants from marine plastics through enhanced recycling: A review.

The escalating crisis of marine plastic waste pose threats to the marine ecosystems. Statistics revealed that a staggering 8 MMT of plastic inundates the marine atmosphere annually. This review delves into a pivotal aspect of this issue, examining the release of additives like brominated flame retardants, phthalates, and bisphenol A from plastic into the environment.

Novel application of citric acid based natural deep eutectic solvent in drilling fluids for shale swelling prevention.

Swelling of shale in clastic reservoirs poses a significant challenge, causing instability in wellbores. Utilizing water-based drilling mud with shale inhibitors is preferable for environmental reasons over oil-based mud. Ionic liquids (ILs) have garnered interest as shale inhibitors due to their customizable properties and strong electrostatic features.

Effect of microwave sintering on density, microstructural and magnetic properties of pure strontium hexaferrite at low temperatures and heating rate.

In recent decades, the rising demand for permanent magnetic materials has driven manufacturers to explore substitutes for rare earth elements in response to their fluctuating prices and negative environmental impact. M-type hexaferrites considered as good alternatives and studies have focused on enhancing their magnetic and structural properties through various approaches. In this study, new approach using low heating rate microwave sintering has been applied to investigate the changes on density, microstructure, and magnetic properties of strontium hexaferrite from core to surface.