Reactivity of the pentelidene complexes [Cp*E{W(CO)}] (E = P, As) towards dichalcogenides and chalcogenols - synthesis of novel chalcogenopentelidene complexes.

Pentelidene complexes of the type [Cp*E{W(CO)}] (Cp* = CMe; 1a: E = P, 1b: E = As) were reacted with the dichalcogenides RCh (R = Ph, Mes, Tipp; Ch = S, Se, Te; Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl; Tipp = 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl) and the chalcogenols PhChH (Ch = S, Se). It has been shown that the formation of new E-Ch bonds proceeds under elimination of the Cp* substituent. The resulting chalcogenopentelidene complexes, which have been isolated and fully characterised, represent a novel class of phosphinidene complexes which can be synthesised through this general synthetic route.

Microgravity modelling by two-axial clinorotation leads to scattered organisation of cytoskeleton in Arabidopsis seedlings.

Proper plant development in a closed ecosystem under weightlessness will be crucial for the success of future space missions. To supplement spaceflight experiments, such conditions of microgravity are modelled on Earth using a two-axial (2A) clinorotation, and in several fundamental studies resulted in the data on proteome and metabolome adjustments, embryo development, cell cycle regulation, etc. Nevertheless, our understanding of the cytoskeleton responses to the microgravity is still limited.

Diversity, biogeography, evolutionary relationships, and conservation of Eastern Mediterranean freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae).

Located at the junction between Europe, Africa, and Asia, with distinct evolutionary origins and varied ecological and geographical settings, together with a marked history of changes in orogeny and configuration of the main river basins, turned the Eastern Mediterranean into a region of high diversity and endemism of freshwater taxa. Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionidae) from the Western Palearctic have been widely studied in their European range, but little attention has been dedicated to these taxa in the Eastern Mediterranean region and their diversity and phylogeography are still poorly understood. The present study aims to resolve the diversity, biogeography, and evolutionary relationships of the Eastern Mediterranean freshwater mussels.

On the influence of water molecules on the outer electronic shells of R-SeH, R-Se(-) and R-SeOH fragments in the selenocysteine amino acid residue.

In this computational work (MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ) we investigated the features of the outer electronic shells of R-SeH, R-Se(-) and R-SeOH fragments (R = CH3), which can be considered as simplified models for the forms of the active centres of glutathione peroxidases GPx along their catalytic pathway (reduction of peroxides). It is shown that the preferential direction of a nucleophilic attack on the R-Se(-) fragment by a peroxide molecule is determined by the presence of the electron-depleted region of the selenium atom in front of the C-Se bond and nucleophilic attack can be facilitated by the solvation of R-Se(-) by water molecules. Such solvation does not block the direction of potential nucleophilic attack and also leads to the increase of the maximal value of the molecular electrostatic potential on the selenium atom.

The RNA-Binding Protein SBR (Dm NXF1) Is Required for the Constitution of Medulla Boundaries in Optic Lobes.

() is an orthologue of the () genes in different The known function of genes is the export of various mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic localization of the SBR protein indicates that the nuclear export function is not the only function of this gene in RNA-binding protein SBR enriches the nucleus and cytoplasm of specific neurons and glial cells. In mutant males, the disturbance of medulla boundaries correlates with the defects of photoreceptor axons pathfinding, axon bundle individualization, and developmental neurodegeneration.

Amplified Fragments of an Autosome-Borne Gene Constitute a Significant Component of the W Sex Chromosome of (Reptilia, Lacertidae).

Heteromorphic W and Y sex chromosomes often experience gene loss and heterochromatinization, which is frequently viewed as their "degeneration". However, the evolutionary trajectories of the heterochromosomes are in fact more complex since they may not only lose but also acquire new sequences. Previously, we found that the heterochromatic W chromosome of a lizard (Lacertidae) is decondensed and thus transcriptionally active during the lampbrush stage.

Stability and Electronic Structure of Donor-Acceptor Stabilized Group 13/15 Oligomers.

Electronic structures and thermodynamic characteristics of chain inorganic group 13-15 oligomers [HMEH] (M = B, Al, Ga, E = P, As; = 4-15) are presented. Donor-acceptor interaction with both Lewis acids and Lewis bases effectively stabilizes chain isomers with respect to spontaneous cyclization and significantly changes their electronic structure.

Molecular phylogeny and new light microscopic data of (Microsporidia: Metchnikovellidae), a hyperparasite of eugregarine sp. from the polychaete .

Metchnikovellids are a deep-branching group of microsporidia, parasites of gregarines inhabiting the alimentary tract of polychaetes and some other invertebrates. The diversity and phylogeny of these hyperparasites remain poorly studied. Modern descriptions and molecular data are still lacking for many species.

Wear patterns and dental functioning in an Early Cretaceous stegosaur from Yakutia, Eastern Russia.

Isolated stegosaurian teeth from the Early Cretaceous high-latitude (palaeolatitude estimate of N 62°- 66.5°) Teete locality in Yakutia (Eastern Siberia, Russia) are characterized by a labiolingually compressed, slightly asymmetrical and mesiodistally denticulated (9-14 denticles) crown, a pronounced ring-like cingulum, as well as a "complex network of secondary ridges". The 63 teeth (found during on-site excavation in 2012, 2017-2019 and screen-washing in 2017-2019) most likely belong to one species of a derived (stegosaurine) stegosaur.

Brassinosteroids Influence Arabidopsis Hypocotyl Graviresponses through Changes in Mannans and Cellulose.

The force of gravity is a constant environmental factor. Plant shoots respond to gravity through negative gravitropism and gravity resistance. These responses are essential for plants to direct the growth of aerial organs away from the soil surface after germination and to keep an upright posture above ground.

Early Adolescence Prefrontal Cortex Alterations in Female Rats Lacking Dopamine Transporter.

Monoamine dysfunctions in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) can contribute to diverse neuropsychiatric disorders, including ADHD, bipolar disorder, PTSD and depression. Disrupted dopamine (DA) homeostasis, and more specifically dopamine transporter (DAT) alterations, have been reported in a variety of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies using female adult rats heterozygous (DAT+/-) and homozygous (DAT-/-) for DAT gene, showed the utility of those rats in the study of PTSD and ADHD.

Simultaneous bidirectional hindlimb locomotion in decerebrate cats.

We show that epidural spinal cord stimulation can elicit stable bidirectional locomotion of decerebrate cats on a split-belt treadmill. The stepping pattern of one limb was similar to unidirectional forward walking and, the other-was similar to unidirectional backward walking. This confirms that spinal and brainstem circuitry are sufficient to control such complex and extraordinary motor tasks driven by somatosensory input.

Combination of "Buttressing" and "Clothespin" Effects for Reaching the Shortest NHN Hydrogen Bond in Proton Sponge Cations.

A series of previously unknown 2,4,5-tri- and 2,4,5,7-tetrasubstituted 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalenes and their salts with HBF containing bulky spherically shaped substituents (Me, Br, and SiMe) in the naphthalene ring has been synthesized. Using XRD analysis of 11 samples, the influence of the so-called "buttressing" and "clothespin" effects on their molecular structure and the NHN hydrogen bond geometry in the solid cations were investigated. The combined action of both effects has been shown to significantly increase the compression of the hydrogen bond.

Ontogenetic dynamics of the subepidermal spicule complex in Nudibranchia (Gastropoda): the case of Onchidoris muricata.

Spicules are mineral-based biocomposites skeletal structures that are widely distributed among phylogenetically distant groups of invertebrates (Porifera, Cnidaria, Mollusca, Echinodermata). Subepidermal spicules are formed under the ectodermal epithelium and are characterized for all groups except mollusks (Aplacophora, Polyplacophora, Bivalvia), their spicules are located on the surface of the body. However, one group of mollusks (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) have unique subepidermal spicules that have never been detected above the ectodermal epithelium and similarly to those characterized for Porifera, Cnidaria and Echinodermata.

Prenatal Hypoxia Induces Premature Aging Accompanied by Impaired Function of the Glutamatergic System in Rat Hippocampus.

Prenatal hypoxia is among leading causes of progressive brain pathologies in postnatal life. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of the hippocampal glutamatergic system and behavior of rats in early (2 weeks), adult (3 months) and advanced (18 months) postnatal ontogenesis after exposure to prenatal severe hypoxia (PSH, 180 Torr, 5% O2, 3 h) during the critical period in the formation of the hippocampus (days 14-16 of gestation). We have shown an age-dependent progressive decrease in the hippocampal glutamate levels, a decrease of the neuronal cell number in the CA1 hippocampal region, as well as impairment of spatial long-term memory in the Morris water navigation task.

Bulky Polyfluorinated Terphenyldiphenylboranes: Water Tolerant Lewis Acids.

Protocols for the synthesis of the bulky polyfluorinated triarylboranes 2,6-(C F ) C F B(C F ) (1), 2,6-(C F ) C F B[3,5-(CF ) C H ] (2), 2,4,6-(C F ) C H B(C F ) (3), 2,4,6-(C F ) C H B[3,5-(CF ) C H ] (4) were developed. All boranes are water tolerant and according to the Gutmann-Beckett method, 1-3 display Lewis acidities larger than that of the prominent B(C F ) .

NHC-stabilized Parent Arsanylalanes and -gallanes.

The synthesis and characterization of the unprecedented compounds IDipp⋅E'H AsH (E'=Al, Ga; IDipp=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene) are reported, the first monomeric, parent representatives of an arsanylalane and arsanylgallane, respectively, stabilized only by a LB (LB=Lewis Base). They are prepared by a salt metathesis reaction of KAsH with IDipp⋅E'H Cl (E'=Al, Ga). The H -elimination pathway through the reaction of AsH with IDipp⋅E'H (E'=Al, Ga) was found to be a possible synthetic route with some disadvantages compared to the salt metathesis reaction.

Nitrate-Induced CLE Peptide Systemically Inhibits Nodulation in .

Legume plants form nitrogen-fixing nodules in symbiosis with soil bacteria rhizobia. The number of symbiotic nodules is controlled at the whole-plant level with autoregulation of nodulation (AON), which includes a shoot-acting CLV1-like receptor kinase and mobile CLE (CLAVATA3/ENDOSPERM SURROUNDING REGION-related) peptides that are produced in the root in response to rhizobia inoculation. In addition to rhizobia-induced CLE peptides, nitrate-induced genes have been identified in and , which inhibited nodulation when overexpressed.

Structural and Optical Properties of Self-Catalyzed Axially Heterostructured GaPN/GaP Nanowires Embedded into a Flexible Silicone Membrane.

Controlled growth of heterostructured nanowires and mechanisms of their formation have been actively studied during the last decades due to perspectives of their implementation. Here, we report on the self-catalyzed growth of axially heterostructured GaPN/GaP nanowires on Si(111) by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Nanowire composition and structural properties were examined by means of Raman microspectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy.

Bacterial Cellulose () Biocomposites and Their Cytocompatibility.

A series of novel polysaccharide-based biocomposites was obtained by impregnation of bacterial cellulose produced by (BC) with the solutions of negatively charged polysaccharides-hyaluronan (HA), sodium alginate (ALG), or κ-carrageenan (CAR)-and subsequently with positively charged chitosan (CS). The penetration of the polysaccharide solutions into the BC network and their interaction to form a polyelectrolyte complex changed the architecture of the BC network. The structure, morphology, and properties of the biocomposites depended on the type of impregnated anionic polysaccharides, and those polysaccharides in turn determined the nature of the interaction with CS.

Risk factors and outcomes of prolonged air leak after pulmonary resections.

Purpose: Prolonged air leak (PAL) is a challenging complication in thoracic surgery. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of PAL.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 319 patients treated in a single center submitted to lobectomy, bilobectomy, segmentectomy, and wedge resections from January 2012 until August 2015.

Polyphyletic origin, intracellular invasion, and meiotic genes in the putatively asexual agamococcidians (Apicomplexa incertae sedis).

Agamococcidians are enigmatic and poorly studied parasites of marine invertebrates with unexplored diversity and unclear relationships to other sporozoans such as the human pathogens Plasmodium and Toxoplasma. It is believed that agamococcidians are not capable of sexual reproduction, which is essential for life cycle completion in all well studied parasitic apicomplexans. Here, we describe three new species of agamococcidians belonging to the genus Rhytidocystis.

Switching Competition between Electron and Energy Transfers in Porphyrin-Fullerene Dyads.

Porphyrin-fullerene dyads were intensively studied as molecular donor-acceptor systems providing efficient photoinduced charge separation (CS). A practical advantage of the dyads is the possibility to tune its CS process by the porphyrin periphery modification, which allows one to optimize the dyad for particular applications. However, this tuning process is typically composed of a series of trial stages involving the development of complex synthetic schemes.