TXNDC5 Plays a Crucial Role in Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Activity through Different ER Stress Signaling Pathways in Hepatic Cells.

The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is influenced by a number of variables, including endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER). Thioredoxin domain-containing 5 (TXNDC5) is a member of the protein disulfide isomerase family and acts as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone. Nevertheless, the function of TXNDC5 in hepatocytes under ER stress remains largely uncharacterized.

Unveiling New Arsenic Compounds in Plants via Tailored 2D-RP-HPLC Separation with ICP and ESI MS Detection.

Arsenic (As) speciation analysis is scientifically relevant due to the pivotal role the As chemical form plays in toxicity, which, in turn, directly influences the effect it has on the environment. The objective of this study was to develop and optimize a method tailored for studying As compounds in plant samples. Different extraction procedures and HPLC methods were explored to assess their efficiency, determine mass balance, and improve the resolution of compounds in the chromatograms.

Two Paenibacillus spp. strains promote grapevine wood degradation by the fungus Fomitiporia mediterranea: from degradation experiments to genome analyses.

Ascomycetes, basidiomycetes and deuteromycetes can degrade wood, but less attention has been paid to basidiomycetes involved in Esca, a major Grapevine Trunk Disease. Using a wood sawdust microcosm system, we compared the wood degradation of three grapevine cultivars inoculated with Fomitiporia mediterranea M. Fisch, a basidiomycete responsible for white-rot development and involved in Esca disease.

Power-law scaling in intratumoral microbiota of colorectal cancer.

It has recently been proposed that the study of microbial dynamics in humans may gain insights from island biogeographical theory. Here, we test whether the diversity of the intratumoral microbiota of colorectal cancer tumors (CRC) follows a power law with tumor size akin to the island species-area relationship. We confirm a direct correlation between the quantity of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) within CRC tumors and tumor sizes, following a (log)power model, explaining 47% of the variation.

Analytical strategies for sensitive and precise determination of Sr/Sr in olive oil through ion extraction, chromatographic separation, and multicollector inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry.

Several food regulatory bodies regard olive oil as highly susceptible to food fraud, largely due to its substantial economic worth. Precise analytical tools are being developed to uncover these types of fraud. This study examines an innovative approach to extract strontium (Sr) from the olive oil matrix (via EDTA complexation and ion-exchange chromatography) and to determine its isotope composition by MC-ICP-MS.

Sensitive Detection and Quantification of Oxygenated Compounds in Complex Samples Using GC-Combustion-MS.

This work introduces a new element-selective gas chromatography detector for the accurate quantification of traces of volatile oxygen-containing compounds in complex samples without the need for specific standards. The key to this approach is the use of oxygen highly enriched in O as the oxidizing gas in a combustion unit (800 °C) that allows us to directly and unambiguously detect the natural oxygen present in the GC-separated compounds through its incorporation into the volatile species formed after their combustion and their subsequent degradation to O in the ion source. The unspecific signal due to the low O abundance in the oxidizing gas could be compensated by measuring the / 12 that comes as well from the CO degradation.

Dynamics of mercury stable isotope compounds in Arctic seals: New insights from a controlled feeding trial on hooded seals Cystophora cristata.

Accurate interpretation of mercury (Hg) isotopic data requires the consideration of several biotic factors such as age, diet, geographical range, and tissue metabolic turnover. A priori knowledge of prey-predator isotopic incorporation rates and Hg biomagnification is essential. This study aims to assess Hg stable isotopes incorporation in an Arctic species of Phocidae, the hooded seal Cystophora cristata, kept in human care for 24 months (2012-2014) and fed on a constant diet of Norwegian Spring Spawning herring Clupea harengus.

Probing Basal and Prismatic Planes of Graphitic Materials for Metal Single Atom and Subnanometer Cluster Stabilization.

Supported metal single atom catalysis is a dynamic research area in catalysis science combining the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Understanding the interactions between metal single atoms and the support constitutes a challenge facing the development of such catalysts, since these interactions are essential in optimizing the catalytic performance. For conventional carbon supports, two types of surfaces can contribute to single atom stabilization: the basal planes and the prismatic surface; both of which can be decorated by defects and surface oxygen groups.

Copper dynamics in vineyard topsoils as affected by the supply of aerated compost tea: Insights from a batch experiment.

Aerated compost teas (ACTs) are rich in soluble humic substances (SHS) that have high affinity for metals, notably Cu. Using a batch experiment, we measured the extent to which two ACTs altered Cu dynamics in vineyard topsoils one day and 21 days after their addition. Soils were extracted with 0.

Development of a digital droplet PCR approach for the quantification of soil micro-organisms involved in atmospheric CO fixation.

Carbon-fixing micro-organisms (CFMs) play a pivotal role in soil carbon cycling, contributing to carbon uptake and sequestration through various metabolic pathways. Despite their importance, accurately quantifying the absolute abundance of these micro-organisms in soils has been challenging. This study used a digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) approach to measure the abundance of key and emerging CFMs pathways in fen and bog soils at different depths, ranging from 0 to 15 cm.

Molybdate inhibits mercury methylation capacity of Pseudodesulfovibrio hydrargyri BerOc1 regardless of the growth metabolism.

Molybdate inhibits sulfate respiration in sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). It is used as an inhibitor to indirectly evaluate the role of SRB in mercury methylation in the environment. Here, the SRB Pseudodesulfovibrio hydrargyri BerOc1 was used to assess the effect of molybdate on cell growth and mercury methylation under various metabolic conditions.

Expedient Synthesis of Thermally Stable Acyclic Amino(haloaryl)carbenes: Experimental and Theoretical Evidence of "Push-Pull" Stabilized Carbenes.

A library of novel structurally related singlet carbenes, namely, acyclic amino(haloaryl)carbenes, was designed by a high-yielding two-step procedure, and their chemical stability explored both experimentally and theoretically. Thanks to a careful selection of both the amino and the aryl substitution pattern, these carbenes exhibit a wide range of stability and reactivity, spanning from rapid self-dimerization for carbenes featuring -F substituents to very high chemical stability as bare carbenes, up to 60 °C for several hours for compounds carrying -Br substituents. Their structure was determined through NMR and X-ray diffraction studies, and their reactivity evaluated in benchmark reactions, highlighting the ambiphilic character of this novel class of singlet carbenes.

Rapid adaptation of the rainbow trout intestinal microbiota to the use of a high-starch 100% plant-based diet.

Short-term adaptation of the microbiota could promote nutrient degradation and the host health. While numerous studies are currently undertaking feeding trials using sustainable diets for the aquaculture industry, the extent to which the microbiota adapts to these novel diets is poorly described. The incorporation of carbohydrates (CHO) within a 100% plant-based diet could offer a novel, cost-effective energy source that is readily available, potentially replacing the protein component in the diets.

Quantifying the topographical structure of rocky and coral seabeds.

Describing the structural complexity of seabeds is of primary importance for a number of geomorphological, hydrodynamical and ecological issues. Aiming to bring a decisive insight on the long-term development of a unified view, the present study reports on a comparative multi-site analysis of high resolution topography surveys in rough nearshore environments. The nine study sites have been selected to cover a wide variety of topographical features, including rocky and coral seabeds.

Mono- to tetra-alkyl ether cardiolipins in a mesophilic, sulfate-reducing bacterium identified by UHPLC-HRMS: a novel class of membrane lipids.

The composition of membrane lipids varies in a number of ways as adjustment to growth conditions. Variations in head group composition and carbon skeleton and degree of unsaturation of glycerol-bound acyl or alkyl chains results in a high structural complexity of the lipidome of bacterial cells. We studied the lipidome of the mesophilic, sulfate-reducing bacterium, strain PF2803 by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS).

Nitrogen and sulfur for phosphorus: Lipidome adaptation of anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria in phosphorus-deprived conditions.

Understanding how microbial lipidomes adapt to environmental and nutrient stress is crucial for comprehending microbial survival and functionality. Certain anaerobic bacteria can synthesize glycerolipids with ether/ester bonds, yet the complexities of their lipidome remodeling under varying physicochemical and nutritional conditions remain largely unexplored. In this study, we thoroughly examined the lipidome adaptations of strain PF2803, a mesophilic anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacterium known for its high proportions of alkylglycerol ether lipids in its membrane, under various cultivation conditions including temperature, pH, salinity, and ammonium and phosphorous concentrations.

Precise measurement of Fe isotopes in marine and biological samples by pseudo-high-resolution multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS).

This paper introduces an enhanced technique for analyzing iron isotopes in complex marine and biological samples. A dedicated iron purification method for biological marine matrices, utilizing three ion exchange columns, is validated. The MC-ICPMS in pseudo-high-resolution mode determines precise iron isotopic ratios, with sensitivity improved through the DSN-100 desolvating nebulizer system and Apex-IR.

Organ-specific mercury stable isotopes, speciation and particle measurements reveal methylmercury detoxification processes in Atlantic Bluefin Tuna.

Identifying metabolism and detoxification mechanisms of Hg in biota has important implications for biomonitoring, ecotoxicology, and food safety. Compared to marine mammals and waterbirds, detoxification of MeHg in fish is understudied. Here, we investigated Hg detoxification in Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus using organ-specific Hg and Se speciation data, stable Hg isotope signatures, and Hg and Se particle measurements in multiple tissues.

A new continental hydrogen play in Damara Belt (Namibia).

Serpentinization is commonly presented as the main source of natural hydrogen (H) in the continental domains. However, recent works in Australia and Brazil showed that Archean-Paleoproterozoic banded iron formations could be another natural source of H gas. Although the reaction that produces hydrogen is similar (Fe oxidation-HO reduction process), the iron content may be higher in banded iron formations than in mafic igneous lithologies, potentially generating H more efficiently.

Fragmentation of polypropylene into microplastics promoted by photo-aging; release of metals, toxicity and inhibition of biodegradability.

The widespread presence of microplastics (MP) in water represents an environmental problem, not only because of the harmful effects of their size and potential to vector other pollutants, but also because of the release of additives, degradation products and residues contained in the polymer matrix. The latter includes metallic catalysts, which are often overlooked. This study focuses on the photo-aging of polypropylene (PP) and the resulting structural changes that promote its fragmentation microplastics (PP-MPs) and release of metals, as well as the resulting toxicity of leachates and their potential to inhibit biodegradation of organics in water.