A ganglioside-based immune checkpoint enables senescent cells to evade immunosurveillance during aging.

Although senescent cells can be eliminated by the immune system, they tend to accumulate with age in various tissues. Here we show that senescent cells can evade immune clearance by natural killer (NK) cells by upregulating the expression of the disialylated ganglioside GD3 at their surface. The increased level of GD3 expression on senescent cells that naturally occurs upon aging in liver, lung, kidney or bones leads to a strong suppression of NK-cell-mediated immunosurveillance.

Exploring the role of the MUC1 mucin in human oral lubrication by tribological in vitro studies.

In the context of the oral cavity, an organic layer known as the mucosal pellicle (MP) adheres to the surface of the oral epithelium, playing a pivotal role in lubricating and safeguarding oral tissues. The formation of the MP is driven by interactions between a transmembrane mucin known as MUC1, located on the oral epithelium, and salivary secreted mucin, namely MUC5B and MUC7. This study aimed to investigate the function of MUC1 and the influence of its structure on MP lubrication properties.

Epicardial Fat Volume Assessed by MRI in Adolescents: Associations with Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors.

: In adults, epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) and coronary artery disease. EAT thickness is increased in obese youth, but total EAT volume and its correlation with cardiovascular risk factors have not been studied. : To determine EAT volume in adolescents and its association with obesity and cardiovascular risk factors.

Evaluating the quality and readability of ChatGPT-generated patient-facing medical information in rhinology.

Purpose: The artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot ChatGPT has become a major tool for generating responses in healthcare. This study assessed ChatGPT's ability to generate French preoperative patient-facing medical information (PFI) in rhinology at a comparable level to material provided by an academic source, the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology (Société Française d'Otorhinolaryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, SFORL).

Methods: ChatGPT and SFORL French preoperative PFI in rhinology were compared by analyzing responses to 16 questions regarding common rhinology procedures: ethmoidectomy, sphenoidotomy, septoplasty, and endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy.

The role of vorasidenib in the treatment of isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant glioma.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant gliomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumors in young adults. This condition imposes a substantial burden on patients and their caregivers, marked by neurocognitive deficits and high mortality rates due to tumor progression, coupled with significant morbidity from current treatment modalities. Although surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy improve survival, these treatments can adversely affect cognitive function, quality of life, finances, employment status, and overall independence.

Characterization of VldE (Spr1875), a Pneumococcal Two-State l,d-Endopeptidase with a Four-Zinc Cluster in the Active Site.

Remodeling of the pneumococcal cell wall, carried out by peptidoglycan (PG) hydrolases, is imperative for maintaining bacterial cell shape and ensuring survival, particularly during cell division or stress response. The protein Spr1875 plays a role in stress response, both regulated by the VicRK two-component system (analogous to the WalRK TCS found in Firmicutes). Modular Spr1875 presents a putative cell-wall binding module at the N-terminus and a catalytic C-terminal module (Spr1875) connected by a long linker.

De-escalating and discontinuing disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis.

The development of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been highly successful in recent decades. It is now widely accepted that early initiation of DMTs after disease onset is associated with a better long-term prognosis. However, the question of when and how to de-escalate or discontinue DMTs remains open and critical.

PAM-13 in clinical cancer care: A systematic review.

Background: The Patient Activation Measure-13 (PAM-13) assesses patients' ability to manage their healthcare. This systematic review aimed to summarize the relationship between the PAM-13 and patient characteristics, as well as program effectiveness.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed database and following the PRISMA guidelines.

Microstructural Characteristics of Cervical Spinal Cord Using High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging (HARDI) and Tractography in Healthy Subjects.

Purpose: This study aimed to characterize spinal cord microstructure in healthy subjects using high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) and tractography.

Methods: Forty-nine healthy subjects (18-50 years, divided into 2 age groups) were included in a prospective study. HARDI of the cervical spinal cord were acquired using a 3T MRI scanner with: 64 directions, b‑value: 1000s/mm, reduced field-of-view (zonally magnified oblique multi-slice), and opposed phase-encoding directions.

Human Endogenous Retroviruses Expression in Autoimmunity.

In relation to ancient infections, a substantial number of retroviral sequences with persistent immunogenic potential were integrated within the human genome (HERVs). Under physiological conditions, coding sequences from HERVs can participate in cell/tissue homeostasis and physiological functions in an epigenetically controlled manner. However, HERV expression is susceptible to contribute to various pathologies, including autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders, when reprogrammed by exogenous stimuli such as drugs or microbial infections.

In vivo impact on rabbit subchondral bone of viscosupplementation with a hyaluronic acid antioxidant conjugate.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of an antioxidant-conjugated Hyaluronic Acid (HA), specifically HA-4-aminoresorcinol (HA4AR), on articular cartilage and subchondral bone in osteoarthritis (OA). We conducted a comparative analysis between HA4AR and a commercially available high molecular weight HA formulation in a rabbit model of OA.

Materials And Methods: Eighteen rabbits underwent unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) and were divided into three groups of six: Saline-group, HA-group, and HA4AR-group, based on the type of intra-articular injection received.

Does what we find depend on how we sample? Measured streambed microplastic concentrations can be affected by the choice of sampling method.

Microplastics (MPs) are prevalent in rivers worldwide and can adversely impact riverine ecosystems. To sample for MPs in streambeds, a variety of different sampling techniques is applied, including (i) scooping, (ii) coring, (iii) freeze coring, (iv) resuspension method, and (v) piezometer sampling. These common sampling techniques capture different parts of the streambed and different sampling volumes.

Craving changes in first 14 days of addiction treatment: an outcome predictor of 5 years substance use status?

Addiction is considered a chronic disorder that requires long-term treatment. Early identification of predictors of outcome may enable better and early adjustment of treatment. Daily fluctuations of craving have been shown to predict substance use within hours, making it a major target for treatment.

Pressure support ventilation improves ventilation during inhalational induction of anesthesia in children: A pilot study.

Study Objective: To evaluate the impact of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) with or without pressure support ventilation (PSV) on the lung volume and the ventilation distribution during inhalational induction of anesthesia in children.

Design: Prospective observational clinical pilot-study.

Setting: University Children's Hospital of Lyon, France.

A single exposure to prolonged flexor carpi radialis muscle vibration increases sensorimotor cortical areas activity.

Prolonged local vibration (LV) is thought to promote brain plasticity through repeated Ia afferents discharge. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study therefore aimed at determining the acute after-effects of 30-min LV of the flexor carpi radialis muscle (FCR) on sensorimotor (S1, M1) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) areas activity.

Acclimatized Lowlanders Exhibit a Hypocoagulable Profile after a Passive Ascent at High Altitude.

Stauffer, Emeric, François Caton, Raphael Marlu, Aurélien Pichon, Landry Seyve, Michael Furian, Aymeric Paillisser, Florence Berquet, Jeremy De Abreu, Blandine Deschamps, Benoit Polack, Philippe Connes, Paul Robach, Stéphane Doutreleau, Julien V Brugniaux, Samuel Verges, and Benoit Champigneulle.Acclimatized lowlanders exhibit a hypocoagulable profile after a passive ascent at high altitude. 00:00-00, 2024.

[A 2024 inventory in oncology news].

The editorial board of the Bulletin du Cancer has compiled a summary of the news from 2024 in oncology, based on the main results presented at international congresses or published over the past year. After a year marked by the success of the Olympic Games, the selection of data is presented and discussed in podiums of three main results by topic. Emphasis is placed on studies that have an immediate impact on practice and on data that raise important questions for the year 2025.

Pregnancy and Infant Outcomes in Women With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Ocrelizumab.

Background And Objectives: Ocrelizumab labeling advises contraception for women during treatment and for 6-12 months thereafter. Because pregnancies may occur during this time, it is critical to understand pregnancy and infant outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis (MS) after ocrelizumab exposure.

Methods: Pregnancy cases reported to Roche global pharmacovigilance until 12 July 2023 were analyzed.

Molecular dynamics as an efficient process to predict N chemical shift anisotropy at very high NMR magnetic fields.

The emergence of very high NMR magnetic fields will certainly encourage the study of larger biological systems with their dynamics and interactions. NMR spin relaxation allows probing the dynamical properties of proteins where the N longitudinal () and transverse () relaxation rates in addition to the H-N heteronuclear NOE describe the ps-ns time scale. Their analytical representation involves the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) effect that represents the major contribution at a very high magnetic field above 18.

A Taybi-Linder syndrome-related RTTN variant impedes neural rosette formation in human cortical organoids.

Taybi-Linder syndrome (TALS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe microcephaly with abnormal gyral pattern, severe growth retardation and bone abnormalities. It is caused by pathogenic variants in the RNU4ATAC gene. Its transcript, the small nuclear RNA U4atac, is involved in the excision of ~850 minor introns.

Acute kidney injury as a key predictor of cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease patients: the CKD-REIN study.

Background And Hypothesis: Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been increasingly recognized as a potential exacerbating factor for cardiovascular events in these patients. The CKD-REIN study aims to explore the relationship between AKI and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in a cohort of CKD patients.

Screening and care for preclinical stage 1-2 type 1 diabetes in first-degree relatives: French expert position statement.

The natural history of type 1 diabetes (T1D) evolves from stage 1 (islet autoimmunity with normoglycemia; ICD-10 diagnostic code E10.A1) to stage 2 (autoimmunity with dysglycemia; E10.A2) and subsequent clinical stage 3 (overt hyperglycemia), which is commonly the first time of referral.