Obstacles to implementing indigenous knowledge in climate change adaptation in Africa.

In a climate change context, indigenous and local knowledge includes the use of traditional practices, crop varieties, and land management techniques that have evolved in response to local climatic conditions. This inter-generational transfer of knowledge is crucial for maintaining and adapting these practices to meet the challenges posed by climate change. Despite the many advantages of using indigenous knowledge in climate change adaptation in Africa, its implementation faces several obstacles.

Impact of switching to a dolutegravir-based regimen on body weight changes: insights from West African adult HIV cohorts.

Introduction: Adverse metabolic effects related to dolutegravir (DTG) are increasingly reported as countries are adopting DTG-based regimens as first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART), but there is limited data from sub-Saharan Africa. We explored changes in body weight pre- and post-switch to a DTG-based regimen and assessed the association between DTG switch and significant weight gain (SWG) defined as a ≥10% increase over a 12-month period in people living with HIV (PLHIV) on ART in West Africa.

Methods: We first included all PLHIV followed in the IeDEA West Africa cohorts between January 2017 and June 2021, with a documented switch to DTG during 2019-2021 and in care ≥36 months at the day of switch.

Criteria for oscillation of noncanonical superlinear half-linear dynamic equations.

This article comes up with criteria to make sure that the solutions to superlinear, half-linear, and noncanonical dynamic equations oscillate in both advanced and delayed cases; these criteria are comparable to the Hille-type and Ohriska-type criteria for the canonical nonlinear dynamic equations; and also these results solve an open problem in many existing works in the literature on dynamic equations. To demonstrate the importance of the results, some examples have been introduced.

Global trends in CD4 count measurement and distribution at first antiretroviral treatment initiation.

Background: While people with HIV (PWH) start antiretroviral treatment (ART) regardless of CD4 count, CD4 measurement remains crucial for detecting advanced HIV disease and evaluating ART programmes. We explored CD4 measurement (proportion of PWH with a CD4 result available) and prevalence of CD4 <200 cells/µL at ART initiation within the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) global collaboration.

Methods: We included PWH at participating ART programmes who first initiated ART at age 15-80 years during 2005-2019.

Why are pregnant women in Togo reluctant to undergo caesarean section? A systematic inventory of motives.

This study explored the reasons underlying pregnant women's reluctance to undergo cesarean sections in Togo, despite its importance in reducing maternal and neonatal mortality. A total of 397 pregnant women who expressed hesitancy toward cesarean sections were enrolled during routine prenatal care visits at the country's largest hospital. They completed a questionnaire comprising 72 statements addressing potential reasons for hesitancy toward cesarean sections.

Schistosomiasis-Microbiota Interactions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Schistosomiasis, a tropical disease affecting humans and animals, affected 251.4 million people in 2021. , , , and are primary human schistosomes, causing tissue damage, granulomas, ulceration, hemorrhage, and opportunistic pathogen entry.

-Unsubstituted 2- and 3-thiophenimines.

-Unsubstituted 2-thiophenemethanimine and 3-thiophenemethanimine are the simplest derivatives of a family of imines, the thienyl imines. These two thienyl aldimines and the -methyl derivatives were prepared in a gas solid reaction by dehydrocyanation of the corresponding α-aminonitriles or in the gas phase by a retro-ene reaction from -allyl derivatives, then characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy at low temperature and used in transimination reactions. From several angles, these compounds in the free or complexed state have been compared to the corresponding recently synthesized furanimines and to other -unsubstituted imines, with the aim of studying the specificity of each of them.

Performance of ParaHIT® HRP2-Based Rapid Diagnostic Test and Proportions of Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein 2/3 Gene Deletions in Togo.

In areas where malaria is endemic and microscopes are unavailable, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are essential tools for early diagnosis and prompt and effective treatment. However, HRP2-based RDTs are threatened by the emergence of Plasmodium falciparum parasites that do not carry the pfhrp2 or pfhrp3 gene, leading to false-negative results. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the ParaHIT RDT together with the proportion of pfhrp2/3 gene-deleted P.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of natural methyl ester, lactone and their synthetic analogs.

(2)- methyl ester and (4)- lactone were recently identified as major components in essential oils and extracts of from Togo. Extended biological evaluation of these acetylenic compounds was however hampered by the reduced amounts isolated. A synthetic route was designed providing access to larger quantities of these two natural products as well as to original non-natural analogs with the prospect of exploring for the first time the structure-activity relationships in this series.

WHO global research priorities for antimicrobial resistance in human health.

The WHO research agenda for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in human health has identified 40 research priorities to be addressed by the year 2030. These priorities focus on bacterial and fungal pathogens of crucial importance in addressing AMR, including drug-resistant pathogens causing tuberculosis. These research priorities encompass the entire people-centred journey, covering prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of antimicrobial-resistant infections, in addition to addressing the overarching knowledge gaps in AMR epidemiology, burden and drivers, policies and regulations, and awareness and education.

Impact of ivermectin and vector control on onchocerciasis transmission in Togo: Assessing the empirical evidence on trends in infection and entomological indicators.

Background: The World Health Organization's 2021-2030 Road Map for Neglected Tropical Diseases boosted global commitment towards the elimination of onchocerciasis, but the timeline to elimination will vary strongly between countries in Africa. To assess progress towards elimination in the Republic of Togo, we reviewed the history of control and time trends in infection.

Methodology/principal Findings: We collated all available programmatic, entomological, and epidemiological data since the initiation of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP) in Togo through different data sources.

[Clinical, aetiological and therapeutic features of severe sickle cell related vaso-occlusive crisis at the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital, Lomé].

Introduction: vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) is the most common manifestation of sickle cell disease and the leading cause of hospitalization among affected children. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical features of severe VOCs, to determine the etiologies of infectious syndromes that accompany them and to describe their management.

Methods: we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study of 137 adult patients with sickle cell disease hospitalised for severe VOC in the Paediatric Department of the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2011.

Genomic Reference Resource for African Cattle: Genome Sequences and High-Density Array Variants.

The diversity in genome resources is fundamental to designing genomic strategies for local breed improvement and utilisation. These resources also support gene discovery and enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of resilience with applications beyond local breeds. Here, we report the genome sequences of 555 cattle (208 of which comprise new data) and high-density (HD) array genotyping of 1,082 samples (537 new samples) from indigenous African cattle populations.

Synthesis and Characterization of N-Unsubstituted 2- and 3-Furanimines.

N-unsubstituted 2-furanmethanimine and 3-furanmethanimine are the simplest derivatives of an imine family containing numerous drugs. They have been prepared in the gas phase by dehydrocyanation of the corresponding α-aminonitriles, characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy at low temperature and used in transimination reactions. The kinetic stability of the furanaldimines lies between that of alkylated and arylated derivatives, demonstrating the role played by the substituent.

Parallel Evolution in Mosquito Vectors-A Duplicated Esterase Locus is Associated With Resistance to Pirimiphos-methyl in Anopheles gambiae.

The primary control methods for the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, are based on insecticidal interventions. Emerging resistance to these compounds is therefore of major concern to malaria control programs. The organophosphate (OP), pirimiphos-methyl, is a relatively new chemical in the vector control armory but is now widely used in indoor-residual spray campaigns.

Establishing African genomics and bioinformatics programs through annual regional workshops.

The African BioGenome Project (AfricaBP) Open Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics aims to overcome barriers to capacity building through its distributed African regional workshops and prioritizes the exchange of grassroots knowledge and innovation in biodiversity genomics and bioinformatics. In 2023, we implemented 28 workshops on biodiversity genomics and bioinformatics, covering 11 African countries across the 5 African geographical regions. These regional workshops trained 408 African scientists in hands-on molecular biology, genomics and bioinformatics techniques as well as the ethical, legal and social issues associated with acquiring genetic resources.

Use of gynaecological care by young women in Togo: focus on students and analysis of the determinants at the University of Lomé.

Objectives: The study aims to gain a better understanding of the needs and health behaviours of young women at the University of Lomé (Togo) with regard to gynaecological care.

Study Design: The data comes from a self-administered online survey.

Methods: A logistic regression was applied to model the likelihood of non-use of gynaecological care.

[Blood count abnormalities in the association of sickle cell disease and malaria in clinical hematology at the CNHU-HKM in Cotonou (Bénin)].

Introduction: Although a protective effect of hemoglobin S has been described, malaria has frequently been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in sickle cell disease patients in Africa. Various cytopenias are frequently found on the haemograms of these patients. In Benin, a malaria-endemic zone with a high prevalence of sickle cell disease, the aim of this study was to establish and compare the blood count profile according to hemoglobin type in the association of sickle cell disease and malaria.

Resistance phenotypes and molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus associated with pleuritis in patients at "Hôpital du Mali" teaching hospital.

Background: one of the pathogens strongly implicated in hospital infections. Data on the resistance and molecular characteristics of this bacterium are rare in Mali.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance patterns, virulence factors of isolates from pleural fluid infections in hospitalized patients.

Self-reported depression and its risk factors among hypertensive patients, Morocco: a cross-sectional study.

Hypertensive patients are at an elevated risk of developing mental diseases such as depression, which can impair their quality of life. The purpose of this study is to measure the prevalence of self-reported depression among hypertensive patients treated at primary health care facilities in Marrakech. Between May 2021 and December 2022, a cross-sectional study of 1053 hypertensive patients attending primary health care facilities in Marrakech was conducted.